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<document id="1CE3BCDF57AF137191A9CD6C52CC4B02" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280850" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f97fe3e2-5d5b-4b24-8a96-592412c6ac59" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280850" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460475439117" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krell, Frank-Thorsten" docDate="2012" docId="03F2D512FFC9FF8C45C3F956FD34FA76" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03278p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3278" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Trichius rosaceus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFCBAD6AFFC9FF8D4554FF98FFD9FFE9" masterDocTitle="On nomenclature and synonymy of Trichius rosaceus, T. gallicus, and T. zonatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698306590071" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3178E403222D2D3551EEC66295AAC7B8">On nomenclature and synonymy of Trichius rosaceus, T. gallicus, and T. zonatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BE46404FFC9FF8D45C3F956FA45F901" blockId="0.[151,1436,1742,1768]" box="[151,1436,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0ACD368FFC9FF8D45C3F956FA45F901" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1742,1768]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D45C3F956FA45F901" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D45C3F956FEB4F901" box="[151,365,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D45C3F956FEB4F901" bold="true" box="[151,365,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Trichius rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC9FF8D4429F956FDD9F901" author="Voet" box="[381,512,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refString="Voet, J. E. (1766 - 1778) Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum. Tomus 1. Bakhuysen, La Haye, 104 pp." type="book" year="1766">
Voet,
<date id="FFE542C4FFC9FF8D4491F956FDD9F901" box="[453,512,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" value="1766" valueMax="1778">1766</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1778) (unavailable) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D4668F956FB65F901" authority="Kraatz, 1891" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1891" box="[828,1212,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D4668F956FBCAF901" bold="true" box="[828,1043,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Trichius rosaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC9FF8D414EF956FB65F901" author="Kraatz" box="[1050,1212,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refString="Kraatz, G. (1891) Die Varietaten des Trichius rosaceus Vo e t. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1891, 193 - 195." type="journal article" year="1891">Kraatz, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE46404FFC9FF8D45C3F88EFAB3F808" blockId="0.[151,1437,1813,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
In his
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D45B1F88DFD73F8C4" box="[229,682,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum</emphasis>
, Johann Eusebius Voet described
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D4168F88DFAF4F8C4" box="[1084,1325,1813,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D4168F88DFAF4F8C4" box="[1084,1325,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Scarabaeus rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC9FF8D402EF88DFEC7F8B8" name="Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
in the Dutch and French editions, but from
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC9FF8D4657F8A1FCBDF8B8" box="[771,868,1849,1873]" name="Belgium" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(“Habitat in Belgico.”) in the Latin edition, which, however, belonged to the
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC9FF8D449FF8C5FD67F89C" box="[459,702,1885,1909]" name="Belgium" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Austrian Netherlands</collectingCountry>
at the time. The description is on sheet B, which was issued between
<date id="FFE542C4FFC9FF8D45AFF819FE7BF870" box="[251,418,1921,1945]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" value="1766" valueMax="1778">1766 and 1778</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC9FF8D44E5F819FDE6F870" author="Hagen" box="[433,575,1921,1945]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refString="Hagen, H. (1857) Nachricht uber das Kaferwerk von Joh. Euseb. Voet. Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin, 18, 405 - 409." type="journal article" year="1857">Hagen 1857</bibRefCitation>
). From description and illustration, it is unclear to which of the three Central European
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D445AF83DFEB3F854" box="[270,362,1957,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D445AF83DFEB3F854" box="[270,362,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Trichius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species the author refers. Two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D463CF83DFC1AF854" box="[872,963,1957,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D463CF83DFC1AF854" box="[872,963,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Trichius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC9FF8D4169F83DFB44F854" box="[1085,1181,1957,1981]" name="Belgium" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Belgium</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC9FF8D418AF83DFA40F854" box="[1246,1433,1957,1981]" name="Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D45C3F851FE84F808" box="[151,349,1993,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D45C3F851FE84F808" box="[151,349,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Trichius fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the one that is currently called
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D47B9F852FCB2F808" box="[749,875,1994,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D47B9F852FCB2F808" box="[749,875,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">T. rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC9FF8D46C4F852FBDBF808" box="[912,1026,1994,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC9FF8D46C4F852FBDBF808" box="[912,1026,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">T. zonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC9FF8D415BF851FB63F808" author="Brakman" box="[1039,1210,1993,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refString="Brakman, P. J. (1966) Lijst van Coleoptera uit Nederland en het omliggend gebied. Monographieen von de Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, 2, I - X + 1 - 218." type="journal article" year="1966">Brakman 1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC9FF8D4191F851FA84F808" author="Decelle" box="[1221,1373,1993,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" refString="Decelle, J. (1995) Scarabaeidae (Pleurosticti). Enumeratio Coleopterorum Belgicae, 1, 42 - 44." type="journal article" year="1995">Decelle 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE46404FFC8FF8C4593FF0FFB54FE8D" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C4593FF0FFE42FF46" author="Fuessly" box="[199,411,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Fuessly, J. C. (1778) Etwas ueber Voets Kaeferwerk. Magazin fur die Liebhaber der Entomologie, 1, 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1778">Fuessly (1778: 19)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized Voet’s
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C47D9FF00FCA3FF59" box="[653,890,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C47D9FF00FCA3FF59" box="[653,890,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Scarabaeus rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C46E8FF00FA96FF46" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[956,1359,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C46E8FF00FB5AFF59" box="[956,1155,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Trichius fasciatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C41C7FF0FFA9FFF46" author="Linnaeus" box="[1171,1350,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Edition Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / bibliography / 542 #" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In the
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC8FF8C45C3FF24FF28FF3D" box="[151,241,188,212]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">German</collectingCountry>
translation of Voet’s work,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C476EFF25FCD3FF3D" author="Panzer" box="[570,778,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Panzer, G. W. F. (1802) Johann Euseb Voets Beschreibungen und Abbildungen Hartschaalichter Insekten Coleoptera Linn. Aus dem Original getreu ubersetzt mit der in selbigem fehlenden Synonymie und bestandigem Commentar versehen. Palm, Erlangen, 103 pp., 12 plates." type="book" year="1802">Panzer (1802: 26)</bibRefCitation>
followed this interpretation, which also was adopted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C45C3FF47FE79FF1E" author="Schonherr" box="[151,416,223,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Schonherr, C. J. (1817) Synonymia Insectorum, oder Versuch einer Synonymie aller bisher bekannten Insecten; nach Fabricii Systema Eleutheratorum etc. geordnet. 1. Eleutherata oder Kafer. 3. Theil: Hispa - Molorchus. Bruzelius, Upsala, 506 pp." type="book" year="1817">Schönherr (1817: 104)</bibRefCitation>
. However, at the time it was unknown that more than one species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4188FF78FAE1FF11" box="[1244,1336,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4188FF78FAE1FF11" box="[1244,1336,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Trichius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits Europe making this synonymy irrelevant for the interpretation of Voet’s species concept. With no collection of Voet being mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C442BFEB0FD95FED6" box="[383,588,295,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. &amp; Gaedike, R. (1990) Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin, pp. 221 - 573." type="book chapter">
Horn
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4495FEB1FE23FEA9" box="[449,506,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(1990)
</bibRefCitation>
original material cannot be traced. Voet’s son did possess an insect collection (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C4585FED4FE50FE8D" author="Smit" box="[209,393,332,356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Smit, P., Sanders, A. P. M., &amp; van der Veer, J. P. F. (1986) Hendrik Engel's Alphabetical List of Dutch Zoological Cabinets and Menageries. 2 nd ed. Rodopi, Amsterdam, x + 340 pp." type="book" year="1986">
Smit
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C445AFED5FE9EFE8D" box="[270,327,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
), which, however, did not contain
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4658FED5FC53FE8D" box="[780,906,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4658FED5FC53FE8D" box="[780,906,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">S. rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Voet
<date id="FFE542C4FFC8FF8C4680FED4FB8FFE8D" box="[980,1110,332,356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" value="1769" valueMax="1778">1769–1778</date>
: 12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE46404FFC8FF8C4593FEF7FD16FD4E" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Until Kraatz’s (1891) reinstatement Voet’s name,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C47A1FEE9FCA8FE61" box="[757,881,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C47A1FEE9FCA8FE61" box="[757,881,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had remained largely forgotten. It was then temporarily adopted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C44D7FE0CFDC4FE45" author="Reitter" box="[387,541,404,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Reitter, E. (1894) Uebersicht der mir bekannten palaearctischen Arten der Coleopteren-Gattung Trichius F. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 13, 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1894">Reitter (1894</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C477FFE0CFDBEFE45" author="Reitter" box="[555,615,404,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Reitter, E. (1899) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und den angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Dynastini, Euchirini, Pachypodini, Cetonini, Valgini und Trichiini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 37, 21 - 111." type="journal article" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
), and used by other authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C46A4FE0CFBA4FE45" author="Bivort" box="[1008,1149,404,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Bivort, … (1903) Une liste de Coleopteres captures aux environs de Fleurus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 47, 225 - 226." type="journal article" year="1903">Bivort 1903</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C41DFFE0CFA93FE45" author="Varendorff" box="[1163,1354,404,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Varendorff, [O.] von (1903) Entomologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Corsika im Hochsommer 1902. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 17, 57 - 59." type="journal article" year="1903">Varendorff 1903</bibRefCitation>
). After
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C45C3FE2FFEF3FE26" author="Bedel" box="[151,298,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Bedel, L. (1906) Synonymies de Coleopteres palearctiques. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1906, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1906">Bedel (1906)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized “
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C448FFE21FD12FE26" authority="Kr., 1891" authorityName="Kr." authorityYear="1891" box="[475,715,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C448FFE21FD81FE39" box="[475,600,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. rosaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C4734FE20FD12FE26" author="Kr" box="[608,715,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Kraatz, G. (1891) Die Varietaten des Trichius rosaceus Vo e t. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1891, 193 - 195." type="journal article" year="1891">Kr., 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
” with &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4676FE21FBC4FE26" authority="Heer, 1841" authorityName="Heer" authorityYear="1841" box="[802,1053,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4676FE21FC4FFE39" box="[802,918,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. gallicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C46C9FE20FBC4FE26" author="Heer" box="[925,1053,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Heer, O. (1841) Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. Pars 1. Orelii, Fuesslini et Sociorum, Zurich, XII + 652 pp." type="book" year="1841">Heer, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, it went into oblivion again, with the exception of
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C440CFE45FDF4FE1D" author="Everts" box="[344,557,476,500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Everts, J. E. (1922) Coleoptera Neerlandica. De Schildvleugelige Insecten van Nederland and het Aangrenzend Gebied. 3. Nijhoff, s'Gravenhage, XVIII + 668 pp." type="book" year="1922">Everts (1922: 315)</bibRefCitation>
who used it in parallel with
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C462EFE45FC29FE1D" box="[890,1008,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C462EFE45FC29FE1D" box="[890,1008,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. gallicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C417EFE45FB43FE1D" box="[1066,1178,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C417EFE45FB43FE1D" box="[1066,1178,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. zonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 1960, Janssens (p. 353) reinstated Voet’s name again, explicitly stating its priority. With some delay,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4163FD99FADAFDFE" authority="Voet" authorityName="Voet" box="[1079,1283,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4163FD99FB6EFDF1" box="[1079,1207,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. rosaceus</emphasis>
(Voet)
</taxonomicName>
became used as a valid name (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C44DDFDBCFDFAFDD5" author="Baraud" box="[393,547,548,572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Baraud, J. (1977) Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe Occidentale. Belgique - France - Grande-Bretagne, Italie - Peninsule Iberique. Publications de la Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie 4. Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 352 pp." type="book" year="1977">Baraud, 1977</bibRefCitation>
), particularly in western Europe.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C46CAFDBCFB41FDD5" author="Stebnicka" box="[926,1176,548,572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Stebnicka, Z. (1983) Scarabaeidae. In: Burakowski, B., Mroczkowski, M., &amp; Stefanska, J. (eds), Katalog Fauny Polski XXIII (9): Chrz q szcze Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea, Dascilloidea, Byrrhoidea I Parnoidea. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, pp. 7 - 146." type="journal article" year="1983">Stebnicka (1983: 133)</bibRefCitation>
spoke against reinstating
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4596FDD1FE55FDB6" authority="Voet" authorityName="Voet" box="[194,396,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4596FDD1FEE6FD89" box="[194,319,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. rosaceus</emphasis>
(Voet)
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name, despite having priority, because it had largely been forgotten for two centuries. However, the usage of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C44A6FDF5FDADFD6D" box="[498,628,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C44A6FDF5FDADFD6D" box="[498,628,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
increased further resulting in this name being currently as widely established as its synonym,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C449BFD09FDE6FD41" box="[463,575,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C449BFD09FDE6FD41" box="[463,575,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">T. zonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE46404FFC8FF8C4593FD2CFE39FBDE" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Although several of Voet’s names are still in use, previous authors had already recognized that Voet did not adopt binominal nomenclature. Sherborn did not include Voet’s names in his
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C415BFD40FB08FD19" box="[1039,1233,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Index Animalium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C41B6FD4FFA49FD06" author="Sherborn" box="[1250,1424,727,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Sherborn, C. D. (1902) Index Animalium sive Index Nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII Generibus et Speciebus Animalium Imposita Sunt. Sectio Prima. Clay and Sons, Cambridge, 1195 pp." type="book" year="1902">Sherborn 1902</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C45C3FD65FEB0FCFD" author="Everts" box="[151,361,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Everts, J. E. (1922) Coleoptera Neerlandica. De Schildvleugelige Insecten van Nederland and het Aangrenzend Gebied. 3. Nijhoff, s'Gravenhage, XVIII + 668 pp." type="book" year="1922">Everts (1922: 315)</bibRefCitation>
wrote: “Voet volgde nog niet de binominale nomenklatuur.” Also
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C4107FD64FAFBFCFD" author="Wiebes" box="[1107,1314,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Wiebes, J. T. (1968) Catalogue of the Coleoptera Cetoniidae in the Leiden Museum 1. Goliathus Lamarck, sensu lato. Zoologische Mededelingen, 43, 19 - 40, plates 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1968">Wiebes (1968: 27)</bibRefCitation>
noted correctly when discussing the nomenclature of a goliath beetle species: “While this appears to be the first description of the species now known as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4489FCDCFD3EFCB5" authority="Voet" authorityName="Voet" box="[477,743,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Goliathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacicus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4489FCDCFD74FCB5" box="[477,685,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Goliathus cacicus,</emphasis>
Voet
</taxonomicName>
cannot be maintained as its author, because his work does not satisfy the conditions of Art. 11 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.” In the current, 4th edition of the Code (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), Article 11.4. requires for the availability of names that “The author must have consistently applied the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature […] in the work in which the name or nomenclatural act was published.” Since Voet used specific names consisting of one to three, occasionally five words, this requirement indeed is not fulfilled; hence the names contained in
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C403DFC63FF01FBDE" author="Voet" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Voet, J. E. (1766 - 1778) Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum. Tomus 1. Bakhuysen, La Haye, 104 pp." type="book" year="1766">
Voet (
<date id="FFE542C4FFC8FF8C45CBFB87FF01FBDE" box="[159,216,1055,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" value="1766" valueMax="1778">1766</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1778) are unavailable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE46404FFC8FF8C4593FBDBFD34FA76" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
In his
<collectingCountry id="F34C2494FFC8FF8C4458FBDAFEBFFBB3" box="[268,358,1090,1114]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">German</collectingCountry>
translation of Voet’s work,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C47CEFBDBFCEEFBB3" author="Panzer" box="[666,823,1090,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Panzer, G. W. F. (1802) Johann Euseb Voets Beschreibungen und Abbildungen Hartschaalichter Insekten Coleoptera Linn. Aus dem Original getreu ubersetzt mit der in selbigem fehlenden Synonymie und bestandigem Commentar versehen. Palm, Erlangen, 103 pp., 12 plates." type="book" year="1802">Panzer (1802)</bibRefCitation>
added annotations and synonymy. Could Voet’s names be available from this edition? Twenty years ago, I doubted the availability of Voet’s names from Panzer’s work (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C45CAFB12FEADFB4B" author="Krell" box="[158,372,1162,1187]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Krell, F. - T. &amp; Fery, H. (1992) Familienreihe Lamellicornia. In: Lohse, G. A. &amp; Lucht, W. H. (eds.), Die Kafer Mitteleuropas 13 (2. Supplementband mit Katalogteil). Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld, pp. 200 - 252." type="journal article" year="1992">Krell &amp; Fery 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and advised against using the name
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4649FB13FC3AFB4A" box="[797,995,1163,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4649FB13FC3AFB4A" box="[797,995,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Trichius rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Certainly, Panzer followed the principles of binominal nomenclature in his own works. He also followed those principles in the synonymy he added to Voet’s names: Whenever available he added a binomen from the available literature to Voet’s names, but he left Voet’s names unchanged, containing one to five words in the specific name. Therefore, Panzer’s (1802) translated edition does not fulfill the requirements of Art. 11.4 either. I was unsuccessful in tracing another work published before Germar's (1831) description of the synonymous species
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C462CFAD8FC2FFABE" box="[888,1014,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C462CFAD8FC2BFABE" box="[888,1010,1344,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">T. zonatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
from which Voet's names would be available. The first author to make
<taxonomicName id="4C5B1F87FFC8FF8C4772FAFBFD34FA92" box="[550,749,1379,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Trichius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92FB816FFC8FF8C4772FAFBFD34FA92" box="[550,749,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Trichius rosaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available is
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C4628FAFBFBC3FA93" author="Kraatz" box="[892,1050,1378,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Kraatz, G. (1891) Die Varietaten des Trichius rosaceus Vo e t. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1891, 193 - 195." type="journal article" year="1891">Kraatz (1891)</bibRefCitation>
who therefore is to be considered the author of this name as
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA19F5FFC8FF8C44EBFA1FFD88FA76" author="Bedel" box="[447,593,1415,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Bedel, L. (1906) Synonymies de Coleopteres palearctiques. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1906, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1906">Bedel (1906)</bibRefCitation>
did correctly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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