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<document id="A5E38D576C61069A353DA6F54D62F102" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5583.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14797538" ID-ZooBank="146A0D77-A0E6-483E-AA6F-055D743BA9B1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738624414132" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dawah, Hassan A. &amp; Deeming, John C." docDate="2025" docId="03F2A41DFFBC5617FF2A69063C8DFF4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5583.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5583 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5583.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phytoliriomyza arctica" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFCBDC65FFA95601FFBD6F08383BFF9B" masterDocTitle="An overview of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia with additional world distributional data" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1738625201158" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DC2442F5B7E4F67044FFE6B8885EA6D3">An overview of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia with additional world distributional data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C063CA42043136018BFE7A2E3088B42C">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="580B43EAB4B674F334EA5CBFA36724CD">Jazan University, Environment and Nature Research Centre, Jazan 45142, P. O. Box 114, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3FDA78A0A65389A6ADD528CD5F3724B0">Deeming, John C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4190431254707120ED0CC441AE259CF9">National Museum of Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Entomology Section, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F2A41DFFBC5617FF2A69063C8DFF4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14797559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14797559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2A41DFFBC5617FF2A69063C8DFF4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2A41DFFBC5617FF2A69063C8DFF4E" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C3414680FFBC5614FF2A69063AB0F9B3" box="[151,651,1550,1577]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBC5614FF2A69063AB0F9B3" blockId="21.[151,651,1550,1613]" box="[151,651,1550,1577]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0ACA267FFBC5614FF2A69063AB0F9B3" bold="true" box="[151,651,1550,1577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FF2A69063AB0F9B3" ID-CoL="77HKF" authority="(Lundbeck, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,651,1550,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Phytoliriomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF2A69063AB0F9B3" bold="true" box="[151,651,1550,1577]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF2A69063993F9B2" bold="true" box="[151,424,1550,1577]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Phytoliriomyza arctica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FE0469073AB8F9B3" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[441,643,1550,1577]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="281 - 316" refId="ref29514" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1901) Diptera groenlandlica. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, KjObenhavn, 1900 (6) 2, 281-316." type="journal article" year="1901">Lundbeck, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414680FFBC5614FF2A693B38C2F9D6" box="[151,249,1587,1613]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBC5614FF2A693B38C2F9D6" blockId="21.[151,651,1550,1613]" box="[151,249,1587,1613]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(
<figureCitation id="1360098EFFBC5614FF22693B38CAF9D6" box="[159,241,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="22.[151,250,941,965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,254,916]" captionTargetId="figure-66@22.[151,1436,237,918]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of: Habitus of: (26) Phytoliriomyza arctica (Lundbeck, 1901), Male (SAUDI ARABIA: Asir, Abha, Hay Al-Nusub, 9-30.v.2014, Malaise trap, H.A. Dawah)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14797569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14797569/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBC5614FF2A697F3A0BF914" blockId="21.[151,560,1655,1679]" box="[151,560,1655,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B3225FFBC5614FF2A697F3A0BF914" box="[151,560,1655,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA331AFFBC5614FF2A697F3A10F914" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[151,555,1655,1679]" page="304" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1901">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FF2A697F3A10F914" ID-CoL="87M93" authority="Lundbeck, 1901: 304" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityPageNumber="304" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,555,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF2A697F3971F914" box="[151,330,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Agromyza arctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FEED697F3A10F914" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[336,555,1655,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="281 - 316" refId="ref29514" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1901) Diptera groenlandlica. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, KjObenhavn, 1900 (6) 2, 281-316." type="journal article" year="1901">Lundbeck, 1901: 304</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414680FFBC5614FF2A69B53CA8F960" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBC5614FF2A69B53CA8F960" blockId="21.[151,1437,1725,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF2A69B53944F94C" bold="true" box="[151,383,1725,1751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B331F56FFBC5614FE3969B538C3F960" collectingDate="2015-05-12" collectingDateMax="2015-06-03" collectingDateMin="2015-05-12" collectionCode="ENRC" collectorName="H. A. Dawah" country="Saudi Arabia" location="Hay Al-Menhel" municipality="Abha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FE3969B53A75F943" box="[388,590,1725,1752]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SAUDI ARABIA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5DDE82FFBC5614FDEB69B53A40F94C" box="[598,635,1725,1751]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FDBE9FFBC5614FD3969B53A8DF94C" box="[644,694,1725,1751]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asir</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B808F71FFBC5614FD0369B53AC5F94C" box="[702,766,1725,1751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8443D0FFBC5614FCBA69B63B83F94C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2A41DFFBC5617FF2A69063C8DFF4E:8E8443D0FFBC5614FCBA69B63B83F94C" box="[775,952,1725,1752]" country="Saudi Arabia" municipality="Abha" name="Hay Al-Menhel" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="'Asir">Hay Al-Menhel</location>
,
<date id="FFE533CBFFBC5614FC7C69B53C4AF943" box="[961,1137,1725,1752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2015-05-12" valueMax="2015-06-03" valueMin="2015-05-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA1CA23FFBC5614FC7C69B53C4AF943" box="[961,1137,1725,1752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2015-05-12" valueMax="2015-06-03" valueMin="2015-05-12">12.v.3.vi.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="521A6D1CFFBC5614FBC669B53D3CF943" box="[1147,1287,1725,1752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26AE70DDFFBC5614FAAC69B63DA7F94C" box="[1297,1436,1725,1752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A8DCEFFBC5614FF2269E938CBF960" box="[159,240,1761,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ENRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B331F56FFBC5614FEBE69E93CABF960" box="[259,1168,1761,1788]" collectingDate="2014-05-09" collectingDateMax="2014-05-30" collectingDateMin="2014-05-09" collectionCode="ENRC" collectorName="H. A. Dawah" country="Saudi Arabia" location="Hay Al-Nusub" municipality="Abha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<specimenCount id="9D5DDE82FFBC5614FEBE69E93913F960" box="[259,296,1761,1787]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FDBE9FFBC5614FE8E69E9395EF960" box="[307,357,1761,1787]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Asir</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B808F71FFBC5614FED369E93995F960" box="[366,430,1761,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8443D0FFBC5614FE0469EA3A65F960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2A41DFFBC5617FF2A69063C8DFF4E:8E8443D0FFBC5614FE0469EA3A65F960" box="[441,606,1761,1788]" country="Saudi Arabia" municipality="Abha" name="Hay Al-Nusub" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="'Asir">Hay Al-Nusub</location>
,
<date id="FFE533CBFFBC5614FDD469E93ACDF960" box="[617,758,1761,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2014-05-09" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-09">
<collectingDate id="EFA1CA23FFBC5614FDD469E93ACDF960" box="[617,758,1761,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2014-05-09" valueMax="2014-05-30" valueMin="2014-05-09">930.v.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="521A6D1CFFBC5614FCBF69E93BB4F967" box="[770,911,1761,1788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26AE70DDFFBC5614FC2669EA3C1CF960" box="[923,1063,1761,1788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H.A. Dawah</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4A8DCEFFBC5614FB8B69E93CBCF960" box="[1078,1159,1761,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ENRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414680FFBC5614FF7A680D3C34F810" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBC5614FF7A680D3C34F810" blockId="21.[151,1437,1725,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF7A680D395AF884" bold="true" box="[199,353,1797,1823]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</emphasis>
First record from
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FD94680D3A82F884" box="[553,697,1797,1823]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
and Arabian Peninsula. It was described from
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FB06680D3D0BF884" box="[1211,1328,1797,1823]" name="Greenland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Greenland</collectingCountry>
(which is in the Danish empire) and recorded from W.
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FD3768213AD9F8D8" box="[650,738,1833,1859]" name="Canada" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Canada</collectingCountry>
. It is a cosmopolitan species widespread in continental Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FF2268453940F8FC" author="Spencer, K. A." box="[159,379,1869,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 304" refId="ref31630" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1976) The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 5 (1), 1-304." type="journal article" year="1976">Spencer 1976: 294</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FE7F684639C9F8F3" box="[450,498,1870,1896]" name="Iran" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FE4268453AABF8F3" box="[511,656,1869,1896]" name="South Korea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FD2068453AD4F8FC" box="[669,751,1869,1895]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FCBD68453B91F8FC" author="Martinez, M." box="[768,938,1869,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref29733" refString="Martinez, M. (2011) Agromyzidae. In: Papp, T. &amp; Beuk, P. (Eds.), Fauna europaea; Diptera Fauna europaea. version 2.4. http://www.faunaeuv.org (accessed 22 November 2024)" type="url" year="2011">Martinez 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FC0568473CBFF8FC" author="Cerny, M. &amp; von Tschirnhaus, M. &amp; Winqvist, K." box="[952,1156,1869,1898]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="193 - 229" refId="ref26734" refString="Cerny, M., von Tschirnhaus, M. &amp; Winqvist, K. (2020) First records of Palaearctic Agromyzidae (Diptera) from 40 countries and major islands. Acta Musei Silesiae Scientiae Naturales, 69, 193-229." type="journal article" year="2020">
Černý
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FBB868463C03F8FC" box="[1029,1080,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FB2768453CE5F8FC" box="[1178,1246,1869,1895]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FB5268453DABF8FC" author="Spencer, K. A." box="[1263,1424,1869,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 304" refId="ref31630" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1976) The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 5 (1), 1-304." type="journal article" year="1976">Spencer 1976</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FF2A687938EFF810" box="[151,212,1905,1931]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FF5F687939BAF810" author="Spencer, K. A." box="[226,385,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref31431" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1969) The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska (Diptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 64, 1-311." type="journal article" year="1969">Spencer 1969</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FE28687939D7F810" box="[405,492,1905,1931]" name="Nigeria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FE4A687A3AE9F810" box="[503,722,1905,1932]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C559BFFBC5614FD6068793B70F810" box="[733,843,1905,1931]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FCE468793C38F810" author="Martinez, M." box="[857,1027,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref29733" refString="Martinez, M. (2011) Agromyzidae. In: Papp, T. &amp; Beuk, P. (Eds.), Fauna europaea; Diptera Fauna europaea. version 2.4. http://www.faunaeuv.org (accessed 22 November 2024)" type="url" year="2011">Martinez 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414680FFBC5614FF7A689D3922F86C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBC5614FF7A689D3922F86C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1725,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF7A689D394AF834" bold="true" box="[199,369,1941,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingRegion id="499FDBE9FFBC5614FF7A689D38C4F834" box="[199,255,1941,1967]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Host</collectingRegion>
remarks.
</emphasis>
This species is an external stem miner (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FC9B689D3BFFF834" author="Spencer, K. A." box="[806,964,1941,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="249 - 265" refId="ref31502" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1972) Notes on European Agromyzidae (Diptera) - 3. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 21 (3 - 6), 249-265. [1971]" type="journal article" year="1972">Spencer 1972</bibRefCitation>
a: 61). It has been recorded as a stem miner on
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FF0068B2393CF84F" box="[189,263,1978,2004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FF0068B2393CF84F" box="[189,263,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Crepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FE8768B239A1F848" box="[314,410,1978,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lapsana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FE8768B239A1F848" box="[314,410,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lapsana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FE7368B13A74F848" box="[462,591,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FD2568B13ACEF848" box="[664,757,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Sonchus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FD2568B13ACEF848" box="[664,757,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sonchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FC9468B13B93F848" box="[809,936,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) and on
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FBAC68B13C4EF848" box="[1041,1141,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBC5614FBAC68B13C4EF848" box="[1041,1141,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Solidago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B6E88FFBC5614FB1468B13D13F848" box="[1193,1320,1977,2003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBC5614FAFD68B13937F86C" author="Spencer, K. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref31807" refString="Spencer, K. A. (1990) Host Specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera). Series entomologica 45. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 444 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1874-0" type="book" year="1990">Spencer 1990: 261</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414680FFBF5617FF7A6F9F3C8DFF4E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE4150BFFBF5617FF7A6F9F3C8DFF4E" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B92FC919FFBF5617FF7A6F9F3900FF2A" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
Development stages are unknown (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBF5617FD7A6F9F3C27FF2A" author="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C." box="[711,1052,150,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref31857" refString="Spencer, K. A. &amp; Steyskal, G. C. (1986) Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. United STates Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, No. 638, 1-478." type="book chapter" year="1986">Spencer &amp; Steyskal 1986: 154</bibRefCitation>
) but
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA68FAFFBF5617FBE96F9F3CC8FF2A" author="Hering, M." box="[1108,1267,150,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref28851" refString="Hering, M. (1957) Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa. Vols. 1 - 2 &amp; 3. Dr W Junk, s' - Gravenhage, 1185 pp. &amp; 221 pp." type="book" year="1957">Hering (1957)</bibRefCitation>
reported that it had been reared from stems of Cichorieae (Lam. &amp; DC.) In Europe (see the pupa description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>