329 lines
42 KiB
XML
329 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="EB253A815371ECC449DA7CAF3BD6C28B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3981.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a451efff-83bc-499b-8b3f-3f87f54fa0af" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243349" ID-ZooBank="98B99C40-1DC9-4D35-BA28-55445ABCC1F9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461249647750" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ampai, Natee, Rujirawan, Attapol, Arkajag, Jirachai, Mcleod, David S. & Aowphol, Anchalee" docDate="2015" docId="03F29745863DBF75FF7231F1FD09FB98" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03981p520.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3981 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limnonectes isanensis McLeod, Kelly 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="FFCBEF3D863BBF7CFFE5337EFFEDFF88" masterDocTitle="Description of the tadpoles of two endemic frogs: the Phu Luang cascade frog Odorrana aureola (Anura: Ranidae) and the Isan big-headed frog Limnonectes isanensis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="520" masterPageNumber="508" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1698607172892" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A56F5D81D65BAA12301A88F99451B79D">Description of the tadpoles of two endemic frogs: the Phu Luang cascade frog Odorrana aureola (Anura: Ranidae) and the Isan big-headed frog Limnonectes isanensis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1880FF75F5BAA6012F755E7D0985B69B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FEB71385E9E245199E76959B14850AB6">Ampai, Natee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0E08D4C1B0088559637D5D2F9FAD01DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3643076C3FB5EA43DF7CEFDC59F2D156">Rujirawan, Attapol</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7440DB9B22E73EA0928CF1D24B1B201">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="14DBBD2336573F96F395F557AF07880B">Arkajag, Jirachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4546BF2FD9D8192B71CEF6292178D83B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="916AD5612323B1EF916A142F00B6E88D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="16C382C60BAE405FEB3BC75D1C862017">Mcleod, David S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="471CF4979633E1862C1AB15C19E18396" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="275382CBB6A9A940937947AB7A82C63A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="99D9EFC1F1E295FB0DC92366622E9129">Aowphol, Anchalee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="277C996E8455024D97FF7FD2815338FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D0F98834F916D3D919147F668C0400DB">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CB17DEBF07C1C16AC9EB4FDB489E32D5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FB77C0BF41A0EB2D8794B1AA9C736BD6">3981</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AC7E2F8425BEDEC3EC634001487E3910">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6C8F06DEE5F1AFEE2D87CD75D9A2AD05" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3981.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F29745863DBF75FF7231F1FD09FB98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628505" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F29745863DBF75FF7231F1FD09FB98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F29745863DBF75FF7231F1FD09FB98" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<subSubSection id="C34175D8863DBF7AFF7231F1FCD0FB4B" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF7231F1FCAAFD22" blockId="6.[151,839,655,682]" box="[151,839,655,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<heading id="D0AC913F863DBF7AFF7231F1FCAAFD22" bold="true" box="[151,839,655,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFF7231F1FCAAFD22" ID-CoL="6QDL3" authority="McLeod, Kelly" authorityName="McLeod, Kelly" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,839,655,682]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF7231F1FCAAFD22" bold="true" box="[151,839,655,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF7231F1FE45FD21" bold="true" box="[151,424,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Limnonectes isanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFE4A31EEFCAAFD22" author="McLeod" box="[431,839,656,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="McLeod, D. S., Kelly, J. K. & Barley, A. J. (2012) " Same-same but different ": Another new species of the Limnonectes kuhlii complex from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 19 (3), 261 - 274." type="journal article" year="2012">McLeod, Kelly, and Barley, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF7231A8FA9EFC63" blockId="6.[151,1437,726,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF7231A8FE77FD67" bold="true" box="[151,410,726,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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Five tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFD8B31A9FD1BFD66" box="[622,758,727,750]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFD8B31A9FD1BFD66" box="[622,758,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">L. isanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZMKU AM 0 1140 [n=3], ZMKU AM 0 1141 [n=1] and ZMKU AM 0 1142 [n=1]) were collected from Ron Ton Son Stream, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F4094863DBF7AFF7A3060FED4FCBF" box="[159,313,798,823]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="17.298111">17°17'53.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F4094863DBF7AFEAE3061FE1DFCBF" box="[331,496,799,823]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="101.52281">101°31'22.1"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CA38BB6863DBF7AFDE23060FD80FCBE" box="[519,621,798,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.361" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" unit="m" value="1361.0">1,361 m</quantity>
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ASL). Specimens were collected by Anchalee Aowphol, Attapol Rujirawan, Natee Ampai, Korkhwan Termprayoon, and Somphouthone Phimmachak on
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<date id="FFE50093863DBF7AFB74303DFACAFCD3" box="[1169,1319,834,859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" value="2012-07-28">28 July 2012</date>
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||
(2100 hr) and
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<date id="FFE50093863DBF7AFF223019FE73FCF7" box="[199,414,870,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" value="2012-12-11">11 December 2012</date>
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(2045 hr). A single tadpole specimen (ZMKU AM 01142; stage 38) was photographed in life and illustrated (
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<figureCitation id="13603AD6863DBF7AFE9D30F4FE0BFC2B" box="[376,486,906,931]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,843,865]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1412,205,812]" captionTargetBox-1="[174,1405,951,1426]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[169,1418,193,821]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[163,1423,945,1433]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38); (A) lateral view, (B) oral disc. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/243355/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/243356/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
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). A single adult specimen (ZMKU AM 01139;
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<figureCitation id="13603AD6863DBF7AFBEC30F4FBA1FC2B" box="[1033,1100,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Adult male of the Isan big-headed frog, Limnonectes isanensis, (B) The habitat of L. isanensis at Phu Luang Wildlife sanctuary." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243354/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A) was collected at Nam San Noi Stream, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F4094863DBF7AFCC830D1FC20FC4E" box="[813,973,943,967]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="17.333612">17°20'01.0" N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6F4094863DBF7AFC3130D0FB97FC4F" box="[980,1146,942,967]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" precision="1" value="101.50972">101°30'35.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CA38BB6863DBF7AFB6030D0FB28FC4F" box="[1157,1221,942,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" unit="m" value="915.0">915m</quantity>
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ASL) by Anchalee Aowphol, Attapol Rujirawan, Natee Ampai and Somphouthone Phimmachak on
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<date id="FFE50093863DBF7AFBC730ACFB11FC63" box="[1058,1276,978,1003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" value="2012-09-26">26 September 2012</date>
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||
(2030 hr).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF223088FE63FBDF" blockId="6.[151,1437,726,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF223088FE9DFB87" bold="true" box="[199,368,1014,1039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Identification.</emphasis>
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Tadpole (ZMKU AM 01140) has an uncorrected pairwise divergence of 0.18 % from an adult specimen (ZMKU AM 01139). Morphology of the adult specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863DBF7AFC433762FBC6FBBB" box="[934,1067,1052,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFC433762FBC6FBBB" box="[934,1067,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">L. isanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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matched the original description (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFF7B3740FE6CFBDF" author="McLeod" box="[158,385,1086,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="McLeod, D. S., Kelly, J. K. & Barley, A. J. (2012) " Same-same but different ": Another new species of the Limnonectes kuhlii complex from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 19 (3), 261 - 274." type="journal article" year="2012">
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||
McLeod
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFEE33741FED3FBDF" box="[262,318,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF22371CFCD0FB4B" blockId="6.[151,1437,726,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF22371CFE18FBF3" bold="true" box="[199,501,1122,1147]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Measurement of tadpole.</emphasis>
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Morphometric measurements (in mm) at
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA2863DBF7AFC3D371DFB90FBF3" author="Gosner" box="[984,1149,1122,1147]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae, with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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developmental stage 38: BH = 5.9; BL = 13.4; BW = 7.9;
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<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFDEC37F9FDD6FB16" box="[521,571,1159,1182]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">IND</collectingCountry>
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= 2.8; IOD = 4.0; IOS = 2.6; MTH = 6.8; ODW = 2.4; SS = 7.7; TAL = 26.9; TL = 40.3; TMH = 3.1; TMW = 3.2; HUF = 2.2; HLF = 1.5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34175D8863DBF75FF2237B0FD09FB98" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF2237B0FD22FAFF" blockId="6.[151,1437,726,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF2237B0FDE7FB6F" bold="true" box="[199,522,1230,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Variation within the series.</emphasis>
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Mensural and ratio values for external morphology of the tadpole series (Gosner stages 30–38; n = 5) is provided in
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<tableCitation id="C6D913E8863DBF7AFDD8378CFD79FA83" box="[573,660,1266,1291]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,368,391]" captionTargetBox="[159,1385,524,1280]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric measurements (mm) of Odorrana aureola tadpole (ZMKU AM 01138; n = 1) and morphometric variations of Limnonectes isanensis tadpole series (ZMKU AM 01140; n = 3, ZMKU AM 01141; n = 1, and ZMKU AM 01142; n = 1) from Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei Province, northeastern Thailand." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" tableUuid="DF2476DB8638BF7FFF72320EFB15FE4F">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. External morphology of the tadpoles remains generally consistent throughout the developmental stages in this series. In all specimens the sinistral spiracle and intestine coils were visible in lateral and ventral views. In early stages 30–35, the tail is weakly mottled whereas in later stages (e.g., Gosner 38), the tail is much more densely mottled.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF2236FCFD8BF932" blockId="6.[151,1437,726,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
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<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF2236FCFE08FA13" bold="true" box="[199,485,1410,1435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Description of tadpole.</emphasis>
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Body moderate (
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<figureCitation id="13603AD6863DBF7AFD5836FCFCEAFA13" box="[701,775,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,951,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1423,945,1433]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243356/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A). From above, body oval, length twice width, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, snout rounded; in profile body depressed, sloping steeply from level of eyes, oral disc anteroventral. Nares are small, rim slightly elevated, anterodorsally positioned, closer to the snout than eye. Eyes dorsolaterally positioned at the end of the anterior quarter of body (closer to nares than spiracle), widely spaced relative to nares (
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<collectingCountry id="F34C66C3863DBF7AFEBD356DFE67F9A3" box="[344,394,1555,1579]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">IND</collectingCountry>
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/IOD = 0.70), not visible from ventral view. Single, sinistral, tubular spiracle, opening below body axis near midpoint of body SS =
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<quantity id="4CA38BB6863DBF7AFDAE3549FD4CF9C6" box="[587,673,1591,1614]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="13603AD6863DBF7AFD553548FD1EF9C7" box="[688,755,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,951,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1423,945,1433]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243356/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A–B). Vent tube dextral, opens midway between muscle and edge of ventral fin; both of fins slightly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD6863DBF7AFD5E3524FD13F9FB" box="[699,766,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,951,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1423,945,1433]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243356/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Tail musculature well developed, tail tapering gradually to pointed tip. Fin beginning at root of tail, margin of dorsal fin slightly higher than ventral fin and convex, ventral fin parallel to dorsal fin, TMH =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB6863DBF7AFDEC35DDFD8FF932" box="[521,610,1699,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863DBF7AFF2235B8FEB5F83F" blockId="6.[151,1437,726,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863DBF7AFF2235B8FE9AF957" bold="true" box="[199,375,1734,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Color Pattern.</emphasis>
|
||
Color in life (Stage 38,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD6863DBF7AFD7B35B8FD0BF957" box="[670,742,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,951,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[163,1423,945,1433]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243356/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="514">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): body pale brown to yellowish with slightly darker brown pigment. Many small, thin, golden-yellow stripes on the sides of body and on dorsum of tail musculature. Dorsum and tail with many dark brown to black spots. Oral disc pale white. Venter of body nearly transparent, lightly flecked with gold; centro-sinistral intestine visible. Ventral surface of tail is semitransparent to white; caudal musculature faintly pale brown in dorsal view, with the upper and lower fins transparent. In preservative, coloration similar to specimen in life, pale yellowish stripes on ventrolateral body, dark brown pigmentation on tail remains distinctly visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2476DB863CBF7BFF7234FEFEBAF83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243354/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="515" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1897]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE42653863CBF7BFF7234FEFEBAF83D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1920,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863CBF7BFF7234FEFEFEF81D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1920,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="515">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Adult male of the Isan big-headed frog,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863CBF7BFD0734FFFC2BF81E" box="[738,966,1921,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863CBF7BFD0734FFFC2BF81E" box="[738,966,1921,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="515">Limnonectes isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (B) The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD0863CBF7BFB7634FFFAE1F81E" box="[1171,1292,1921,1942]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="515" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA41863CBF7BFB7634FFFAE1F81E" box="[1171,1292,1921,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="515">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Phu Luang Wildlife sanctuary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2476DB8633BF74FF723035FF2BFCF7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" targetBox="[183,1412,205,812]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538633BF74FF723035FF2BFCF7" blockId="8.[151,1435,843,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418633BF74FF723035FEFFFCE8" bold="true" box="[151,274,843,865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08633BF74FEFC3032FE11FCE9" box="[281,508,844,865]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418633BF74FEFC3032FE11FCE9" box="[281,508,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">Limnonectes isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38); (A) lateral view, (B) oral disc. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2476DB8633BF74FF7236D1FE16FA6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243356/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" targetBox="[174,1405,951,1426]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538633BF74FF7236D1FE16FA6C" blockId="8.[151,1435,1455,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418633BF74FF7236D1FEFFFA4C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1455,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08633BF74FEFD36CEFE17FA4D" box="[280,506,1456,1477]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418633BF74FEFD36CEFE17FA4D" box="[280,506,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">Limnonectes isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38) in life; (A) Dorsal view, (B) ventral view, and (C) lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538633BF74FF22356EFD4CF930" blockId="8.[151,1437,1552,2009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418633BF74FF22356EFED3F9A1" bold="true" box="[199,318,1552,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">Oral disc.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD68633BF74FE27356EFDE5F9A1" box="[450,520,1552,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1412,205,812]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1418,193,821]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Limnonectes isanensis tadpole (ZMKU AM 01142; Gosner stage 38); (A) lateral view, (B) oral disc. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243355/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B), anteroventral, 5–6 marginal papillae at corners of upper labium, papillae on upper labium larger than lower lip, upper and lower jaw sheathes medium, slight medial convexity, margin serrated, black. Separation between individual denticles narrow, LTRF: 2(1)/3(1); first row without gap, second row sub-equal left and right. The first lower labial tooth row with narrow median gap. Third lower labial tooth row nearly half the length of first and second rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538633BF75FF2235BAFF28FF70" blockId="8.[151,1437,1552,2009]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418633BF74FF2235BAFEC6F955" bold="true" box="[199,299,1732,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles were collected from a shallow pool (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68633BF74FCD735BAFC4FF954" box="[818,930,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep) at the edge of a permanent stream (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68633BF74FA9435BBFA71F954" box="[1393,1436,1733,1757]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68633BF74FF383596FEC9F888" box="[221,292,1768,1793]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep) at 0 845 hr on
|
||
<date id="FFE500938633BF74FDF33597FD00F889" box="[534,749,1768,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" value="2012-12-11">11 December 2012</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13603AD68633BF74FD1B3596FCAEF889" box="[766,835,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Adult male of the Isan big-headed frog, Limnonectes isanensis, (B) The habitat of L. isanensis at Phu Luang Wildlife sanctuary." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243354/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Ambient air temperature = 22.8°C, surface water temperature = 17.9°C, water
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C38633BF74FE0D3473FDE7F8AC" box="[488,522,1805,1828]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="516">pH</collectingCountry>
|
||
= 6.14, and stream current was slow (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68633BF74FC293473FBFEF8AD" box="[972,1043,1805,1829]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="516" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
|
||
/s). Tadpoles were abundant at the study site during the study period. During the daytime, tadpoles were occasionally seen in the water column, but were predictably found buried in the gravel substrate or hiding beneath clumps of leaves at the bottom of the pools in the stream. When disturbed, tadpoles were observed to swim quickly to new hiding places. At nighttime, tadpoles were active in the water column. Egg masses containing 35–40 ova with transparent external jelly were found in clumps stuck to rocks in stream or to stream bank at the same location as the tadpoles during December (2012) and September (2013). Individual eggs encased in a jelly capsule measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68632BF75FBBB33E9FB2CFF27" box="[1118,1217,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FA6033E7FF13FF5C" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FA6033E7FF13FF5C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found perched either on the ground amidst leaf litter, or on rocks on the bank of the stream at this site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE426538632BF75FF22327AFD09FB98" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FF22327AFE81FE95" bold="true" box="[199,364,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA28632BF75FE90327AFD85FE94" box="[373,616,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" refString="McLeod, D. S., Kelly, J. K. & Barley, A. J. (2012) " Same-same but different ": Another new species of the Limnonectes kuhlii complex from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 19 (3), 261 - 274." type="journal article">
|
||
McLeod
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FE39327BFDF8FE95" box="[476,533,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the PLWS endemic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC28327BFBBEFE94" box="[973,1107,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC28327BFBBEFE94" box="[973,1107,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on adult morphology, but provided no tadpole information. Our description of the tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC3B3257FB8AFEC8" box="[990,1127,297,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC3B3257FB8AFEC8" box="[990,1127,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely match the general characteristics of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FE4D3233FDD8FEEC" box="[424,565,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FE4D3233FDD8FEEC" box="[424,565,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">Limnonectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles described by Altig & McDiarmid (1999).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA28632BF75FB9A3232FADCFEEC" author="McLeod" box="[1151,1329,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" refString="McLeod, D. S. (2008) A new species of big-headed, fanged dicroglossine frog (genus Limnonectes) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 1807, 26 - 46." type="journal article" year="2008">McLeod (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided morphometric data from a series of tadpoles and the description of the external morphology of a Gosner stage 40 tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FEF032EBFE25FE24" box="[277,456,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FEF032EBFE25FE24" box="[277,456,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sa Kaeo Province, in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C66C38632BF75FC8B32EAFC38FE25" box="[878,981,404,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC0632EBFAE1FE24" box="[995,1292,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC0632EBFAE1FE24" box="[995,1292,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">Limnonectes megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FF1C32C7FE90FE58" box="[249,381,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FF1C32C7FE90FE58" box="[249,381,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and adults of both species are morphologically very similar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA5BA28632BF75FBC132C9FAEBFE58" author="McLeod" box="[1060,1286,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" refString="McLeod, D. S., Kelly, J. K. & Barley, A. J. (2012) " Same-same but different ": Another new species of the Limnonectes kuhlii complex from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 19 (3), 261 - 274." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
McLeod
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FB6E32C7FB2FFE58" box="[1163,1218,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite this overall adult similarity, the tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FD9D32A3FCC2FE7C" box="[632,815,477,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FD9D32A3FCC2FE7C" box="[632,815,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC9132A3FC12FE7C" box="[884,1023,477,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC9132A3FC12FE7C" box="[884,1023,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ notably in several features. Measurement proportion of two species is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D913E88632BF75FD043281FCDBFD90" box="[737,822,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1088,1111]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,1172,2009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of morphological measurements and ratio between Limnonectes isanensis and Limnonectes megastomias, and P - value from Mann-Whitney U-test (* significant difference lower than P <0.05)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2476DB8632BF75FF72373EFB26FBF0" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" tableUuid="DF2476DB8632BF75FF72373EFB26FBF0">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. In overall size, the tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FB6B317FFAFEFD90" box="[1166,1299,513,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FB6B317FFAFEFD90" box="[1166,1299,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FECC315BFE34FDB4" box="[297,473,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FECC315BFE34FDB4" box="[297,473,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly during early stages of development (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68632BF75FBB4315AFB18FDB4" box="[1105,1269,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" metricValueMax="4.029999999999999" metricValueMin="2.71" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="33.7" valueMax="40.3" valueMin="27.1">27.1–40.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA38BB68632BF75FAC9315AFF28FDD7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5549999999999997" metricValueMax="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="3.13" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" unit="mm" value="35.55" valueMax="39.8" valueMin="31.3">31.3–39.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively). Nevertheless, relative to total length, the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC263137FBA6FDE8" box="[963,1099,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC263137FBA6FDE8" box="[963,1099,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FA603137FEC4FD0C" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FA603137FEC4FD0C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When comparing tadpoles of the same developmental stage,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC193113FB16FD0C" box="[1020,1275,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC193113FB16FD0C" box="[1020,1275,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">Limnonectes isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found to have a significantly greater body height (BH), the ratio of body height (BH) to body length (BL) and consequently in the ratio of body width (BW) to body length (BL) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FCFA31CBFC22FD44" box="[799,975,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FCFA31CBFC22FD44" box="[799,975,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC0531CBFC1CFD44" box="[992,1009,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05). Oral disc structure and pattern of pigmentation on the body tail were also different in two species. Marginal papillae on the upper labium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FA6031A7FF13FC9C" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FA6031A7FF13FC9C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are arranged in single row with about 5–7 papillae per side, two rows of papillae on the lower labium with about 20–22 papillae per side, a very narrow gap in the posterior marginal papillae, and the occurrence of two submarginal papillae ventrally. Tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FD65303BFCC2FCD4" box="[640,815,837,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FD65303BFCC2FCD4" box="[640,815,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a single row of upper labial papillae, about 11–13 thick papillae of upper labium per side and about 28–30 papillae per side on lower labium arranged in two rows with narrow median interruption (but broader than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FCE830F3FC78FC2C" box="[781,917,909,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FCE830F3FC78FC2C" box="[781,917,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The caudal musculature and fins are more heavily pigmented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FE7430CFFDF5FC40" box="[401,536,945,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FE7430CFFDF5FC40" box="[401,536,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dark brown to black on posterior half of tail) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FB7430CFFABBFC40" box="[1169,1366,945,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomiasis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FB7430CFFABBFC40" box="[1169,1366,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomiasis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(faint brown spots scattered over length of tail). Additionally, tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FC4E30ABFBB0FC64" box="[939,1117,981,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megastomias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FC4E30ABFBB0FC64" box="[939,1117,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. megastomias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a median dark-brown horizontal bar through eye, which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B5DD08632BF75FDFD3087FD70FB98" box="[536,669,1017,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Limnonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="517" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FFA418632BF75FDFD3087FD70FB98" box="[536,669,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="517">L. isanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |