156 lines
14 KiB
XML
156 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1038212" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5d8103a-3589-4d3f-a11b-a2f6366135cf" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1038212" approvalRequired="123" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="123" checkinTime="1509026046185" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Carpenter, K." docDate="1992" docId="C35987894577FFF13DB332A40A714EDB" docLanguage="en" docName="Carpenter_1992_Tyrannosaurids(almost done).pdf.imf" docOrigin="Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology, Beijing: China Ocean Press" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Daspletosaurus torosus Russell 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="29" lastPageNumber="261" masterDocId="3F60FFF1457DFFFA3C0B350408274D37" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="250" pageNumber="260" updateTime="1673700490250" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carpenter, K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1992</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1992-12-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>China Ocean Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Beijing</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mateer, N. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, P. - J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>250</mods:start>
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<mods:end>268</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1038212</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e5d8103a-3589-4d3f-a11b-a2f6366135cf</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1038212</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4570402" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135476428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4570402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C35987894577FFF13DB332A40A714EDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C35987894577FFF13DB332A40A714EDB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<subSubSection box="[440,1342,1952,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[440,1342,1885,2049]" box="[440,1342,1952,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<taxonomicName authority="Russell 1970" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[440,1342,1952,1997]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[440,826,1952,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[846,1033,1952,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">torosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D." box="[1052,1342,1952,1997]" journalOrPublisher="National Museums of Canada Publication in Palaeontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 34" part="l" refString="Russell, D., 1970, Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada: National Museums of Canada Publication in Palaeontology, v. l, p. 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="book chapter" year="1970">
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<httpUri box="[1052,1342,1952,1997]" httpUri="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/html/03E3C81854495328FF67C31D3337F705" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1052,1209,1952,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">Russell</emphasis>
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1970
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</httpUri>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[787,996,2013,2049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[440,1342,1885,2049]" box="[787,996,2013,2049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<figureCitation box="[787,940,2013,2049]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="15.[186,268,2285,2312]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skulls: A-Tyrannosaurus rex AMNH 5027 (modified from Osborn, 1912); B-Tyrannosaurus bataar holotype PIN 551-1, with missing areas restored after PIN 551-3 and GI SPS 100/59 (from photographs,Maleev, 1974 and Barsbold,1983);C-Maleevosaurus novojilovi holotype PIN 552-2 (modified from Maleev, 1974);D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus AMNH 5222, with lower jaws based on NMC 5600 and NMC 5601 (modified from photographs and Lambe, 1904);E-Albertosaurus libratus(modified from Russell, 1970); F-? Albertosaurus lancensis holotype CMNH 7541, composite of the left and right side (modified from photographs);G-Daspletosaurus torosus(modified from Russell, 1970 and photographs of NMC 8506). All drawn to scale;scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex = 10 cm ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843437/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">Figs. 2G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[947,996,2013,2049]" captionStart="Figure" captionStartId="18.[189,271,2303,2329]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of tyrannosaurid skeletons: A-Tyrannosaurus rex(based on drawings and photographs of AMNH 5027 and CM 9380);B-Tyrannosaurus bataar (based on photographs of PIN 552-1,a young adult);C- Maleevosaurus novojilovi (modified from Maleev, 1974);D-Albertosaurus sarcophagus (skeleton based on photographs and drawings of ROM 807,with the skull based on photographs and drawings of AMNH 5222,NMC 5600 and NMC 5601); E- Albertosaurus libratus (skeleton modified from Lambe, 1914,and skull modified from Russell, 1970);F-Daspletosaurus torosus (modified from Russell, 1970). All drawn to scale;height of scale beneath Tyrannosaurus rex tail = 1 m ." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2843449/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">5F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="260" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[175,358,2110,2196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675757325" collectionCode="NMC" country="Canada" formation="Jurdith River Formation" geologicalContextID="Cretaceous" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" preperations="skeleton lacking hind legs" specimenCode="NMC 8506" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="holotype">
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<heading bold="true" box="[176,343,2110,2145]" fontSize="11" level="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" reason="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,343,2110,2145]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<typeStatus box="[176,336,2110,2145]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<specimenCode box="[393,598,2110,2146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">NMC 8506</specimenCode>
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,skeleton lacking hind legs from the Judith River Formation of
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<collectingRegion box="[224,353,2160,2196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[175,1609,2255,2488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,350,2257,2292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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(Cranial) Premaxilla does not contact nasals under external nares; lacrymal horn well developed; postorbital rugose, although less that
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<emphasis box="[1358,1601,2305,2341]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="260">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1358,1594,2305,2341]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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;
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</emphasis>
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pro-maxillary fenestra very small; surangular foramen very large. (Postcranial) Postacetabular blade of ilium very long; ischium straight; scapula broadens gradually posteriorly; acromion process of scapula forms a continuous arc with the coracoid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[169,1606,290,375]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,1060,291,326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Stratigraphic and Palaeobiogeographic Distribution:</emphasis>
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Judith River and Horseshoe Canyon formations of Alberta,Canada;Judith River Formation of Montana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[167,1607,434,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,360,436,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Discussion:</emphasis>
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As
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<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D." box="[491,764,435,471]" journalOrPublisher="National Museums of Canada Publication in Palaeontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 34" part="l" refString="Russell, D., 1970, Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada: National Museums of Canada Publication in Palaeontology, v. l, p. 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="book chapter" year="1970">Russell (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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has pointed out, adult
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1199,1432,435,471]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1199,1432,435,471]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the same length as an adult
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[481,695,485,521]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
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is heavier and more powerfully built. This gives it the appearance of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[427,665,533,569]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[427,665,533,569]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but this resemblance is superficial. Numerous differences between the two animals, such as the lack of the postorbital extending into the orbit and no contact between the nasal and premaxilla below the external nares, indicate that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[327,559,678,714]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[327,559,678,714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinct from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[846,1078,678,714]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[846,1078,678,714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see also
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<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D." box="[1256,1495,678,714]" journalOrPublisher="National Museums of Canada Publication in Palaeontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 34" part="l" refString="Russell, D., 1970, Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada: National Museums of Canada Publication in Palaeontology, v. l, p. 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada" type="book chapter" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[167,1607,434,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">
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As yet,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[388,621,726,762]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[388,621,726,762]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is too poorly represented with skulls and skeletons to determine the full range of variation, including individual, sexual and ontogenetic. The largest individual (
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<collectionCode box="[488,552,824,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">CM</collectionCode>
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9401)is represented by a nearly complete right lacrymal
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<emphasis box="[1519,1596,824,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">larger</emphasis>
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than that of the
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<typeStatus box="[491,632,872,908]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[694,791,871,907]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[694,791,871,907]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">T. rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[821,885,872,908]" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">CM</collectionCode>
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9380). This is suggests a skull with a premaxillary-occipital condyle length of over
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<quantity box="[901,1068,920,956]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 mm</quantity>
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. A detailed osteology of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="261">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in preparation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |