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<document id="AE09970263A7F8C5D957BF2D9774BF1D" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. &amp; Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFF98693DFF5AFACEFDEAFCCB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D2188BF5BD0D5F5B4EB218D2DCDE6E43" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7EE30772EBA8EDC55878B1D292077228">
<mods:title id="C209E7EBACCE4CED7F2FDB914526B09C">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CA9E350B8ECCDC59C727390C41A1A43C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="581EC97A9B5AB23F64A1BADCDD205C77">
<mods:roleTerm id="66B2FCD2F0B7B1D5D6C14DF8FA4E3BC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="95933A35AFA972A40EE4079B428172AB">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AB323413A7E1E9EA57C4BB051512ED65" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6AB9252667BB9C6D4325CAAB0958D52C">
<mods:roleTerm id="9BE8190A9962FD87505BC5AB1C982ED0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="15B1CEC1A64E330B87B5F6E5E96A6647">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8D1AFFB70D2C07EF0BF8877DAD700D4D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6F02257A3111AF973741D4FA5E5A32F3">
<mods:roleTerm id="E654896730B1B26C591315C3AC4098A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2013E4F2B0C832DA1C1BC4ED98CCE9FF">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1BF9DF9426D3904A0E3BFC8E8A8782B8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="231BE32287D6599D2AC10146D6A4EF5B">
<mods:roleTerm id="9AE3CF3DF53C28B551DCF0CCA1BC165E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6957FCAC24E899D0285AF9BD19A397DE">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="876E8B6CA27F94D54031D677B4CA76EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D7C7F785FF5620CB1B3B2422DAC537BA" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="04A5DF859D13BFCC341F73F333297EBF">
<mods:title id="82AF017D668070C0A9E29B7080EBBF0F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2EFE95353E90596604E06C226A3B6D82">
<mods:date id="F9BD19BF60E5D8BD31A3D6A65BCC7F83">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BB372BEF05AE3C185267C346ECAFB10B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5368148A82DDDAC563212779697E9F5E">2019-12-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="079A5BF2CB205BAC6E55577205C6EDFF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E9C26982AC6E50753CC1DEEA1251F99C">4704</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="054E532616127ED7612C58BC1DDADA7D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="16F837B41564FE8F84B077FC4B764181">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="841A6BF3BA48D0DE8F5921A8CDE38B6E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9B9DEF979102A113C92FABAEB5C2AFCD">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D71AD12E8F6331B02EDF7A0488E8AF4B">87</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BDB0D3CE4F970AF14E9FFEFD39FE9A0A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7076352756DA7066AB3C738425EE7635" type="CLB-Dataset">24723</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C85738C8C992343BCD0757B3EB289AE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E53D4F9E5D6A6607E85B9084640EAC55" type="GBIF-Dataset">4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6F74DFEAD1433EE60CDF8D55C973EB66" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="49320E769A015229C24633A7C194BFE0" type="Zenodo-Dep">3563576</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A9365EEE9BD8AD6DC533255B25605A79" type="ZooBank">0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A84F87BCFF98693DFF5AFACEFDEAFCCB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5933456" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630840" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5933456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF98693DFF5AFACEFDEAFCCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFF98693DFF5AFACEFDEAFCCB" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF98693EFF5AFACEFBCDFAA4" box="[151,1039,1373,1400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF5AFACEFBCDFAA4" blockId="25.[151,1039,1373,1436]" box="[151,1039,1373,1400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="7B1181C6FF98693EFF5AFACEFBCDFAA4" bold="true" box="[151,1039,1373,1400]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFF5AFACEFBCDFAA4" bold="true" box="[151,1039,1373,1400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF98693EFF5AFACEFD3FFAA4" ID-CoL="3HVBZ" authority="Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,765,1373,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favagineus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFF5AFACEFE08FAAB" bold="true" box="[151,458,1373,1400]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gymnothorax favagineus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF98693EFE1FFACDFD3FFAA4" author="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G." box="[466,765,1374,1400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref51987" refString="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G. (1801) M. E. Blochii […] Systema ichthyologiae iconibus CX illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo, LX + 584 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750" type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Honeycomb
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF98693EFC77FACDFBCDFAA4" box="[954,1039,1374,1400]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Moray</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF98693EFF5AFA11FED4FA40" box="[151,278,1410,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF5AFA11FED4FA40" blockId="25.[151,1039,1373,1436]" box="[151,278,1410,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF98693EFF52FA11FECCFA40" box="[159,270,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1608,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,805,1587]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,805,1587]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 14. Gymnothorax favagineus, Seven Brothers, Djibouti. Photo by J.E. Randall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563604/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF98693EFF5AFA55FADAFA21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF5AFA55FADAFA21" blockId="25.[151,1436,1477,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF98693EFF5AFA55FADAFA21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF98693EFF5AFA55FD0AFA02" ID-CoL="3HVBZ" authority="Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801: 525" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityPageNumber="525" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,712,1477,1502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favagineus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFF5AFA55FE54FA02" box="[151,406,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Gymnothorax favagineus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF98693EFE56FA56FD0AFA02" author="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G." box="[411,712,1477,1502]" page="525" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1801">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF98693EFE56FA56FD0AFA02" author="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G." box="[411,712,1477,1502]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref51987" refString="Bloch, M. E. &amp; Schneider, J. G. (1801) M. E. Blochii […] Systema ichthyologiae iconibus CX illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo, LX + 584 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750" type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801: 525</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 105 (
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF98693EFCEEFA56FC58FA02" box="[803,922,1477,1502]" name="India" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tranquebar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF98693EFC69FA56FC1EFA02" box="[932,988,1477,1502]" name="India" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">India</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF98693EFC21FA56FB88FA02" box="[1004,1098,1477,1502]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(unique), ZMB 7782 (stuffed).—
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF98693EFF0AFA77FE47FA21" author="Randall, J. E." box="[199,389,1508,1533]" page="260" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF98693EFF0AFA77FE47FA21" author="Randall, J. E." box="[199,389,1508,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref54886" refString="Randall, J. E. (1994) Twenty-two new records of fishes from the Red Sea. Fauna of Saudia Arabia, 14, 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="1994">Randall 1994: 260</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF98693EFE5DFA77FD71FA21" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." box="[400,691,1508,1533]" page="858" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF98693EFE5DFA77FD71FA21" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." box="[400,691,1508,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Golani 1995: 858</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF98693EFD73FA77FBC3FA21" author="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[702,1025,1508,1533]" page="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF98693EFD73FA77FBC3FA21" author="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[702,1025,1508,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani &amp; Bogorodsky 2010: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF98693EFBC1FA77FAD6FA21" author="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R." box="[1036,1300,1508,1533]" page="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF98693EFBC1FA77FAD6FA21" author="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R." box="[1036,1300,1508,1533]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani &amp; Fricke 2018: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF98693EFF5AF9B8FC1DF951" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF5AF9B8FE75F99A" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2038]" box="[151,439,1578,1606]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFF5AF9B8FEAEF999" bold="true" box="[151,364,1578,1605]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF98693EFF5AF9B8FF3AF999" box="[151,248,1578,1605]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
material.
</emphasis>
None.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF0AF9DDFC1DF951" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFF0AF9DDFE18F9B5" bold="true" box="[199,474,1614,1641]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF98693EFE29F9DCFCA0F9B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587655" box="[484,866,1615,1642]" collectingRegion="Red Sea" collectionCode="USNM" country="Taiwan" location="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="USNM 312734" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFE29F9DCFDFBF9B5" bold="true" box="[484,569,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF98693EFE29F9DCFDFBF9B5" box="[484,569,1615,1641]" name="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF98693EFD86F9DCFD3BF9B5" box="[587,761,1615,1641]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 312734</specimenCode>
(1, 303)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF98693EFCBCF9DCFB03F9B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587686" box="[881,1217,1615,1641]" collectingRegion="Red Sea" collectionCode="USNM" country="Taiwan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="USNM 312736" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF98693EFCBCF9DCFBE2F9B5" box="[881,1056,1615,1641]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 312736</specimenCode>
(2, 182–278)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF98693EFB03F9DDFE64F952" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587716" collectingRegion="Red Sea" collectionCode="USNM" country="Australia" location="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="USNM 176690" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFB03F9DDFAFBF9B5" bold="true" box="[1230,1337,1614,1641]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF98693EFB03F9DDFAFBF9B5" box="[1230,1337,1614,1641]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF98693EFA86F9DCFF29F951" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 176690</specimenCode>
(2, ca 600–614)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF98693EFE7CF9E0FD02F951" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587664" box="[433,704,1651,1677]" collectingRegion="Red Sea" collectionCode="USNM" country="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="USNM 312733" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF98693EFE7CF9E0FD9FF951" box="[433,605,1651,1677]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 312733</specimenCode>
(1, 304)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF98693EFD01F9E0FCBAF951" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587654" box="[716,888,1650,1677]" collectingRegion="Red Sea" collectionCode="USNM" country="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="USNM 312735" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Red Sea">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF98693EFD01F9E0FCBAF951" box="[716,888,1650,1677]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="Museum">USNM 312735</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
(1, 290).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF98693DFF0AF905FDC6FF27" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF0AF905FC41F925" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF98693EFF0AF905FE9BF96D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1686,1713]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</emphasis>
In TL: preanal length 2.0–2.2, predorsal length 9.4–11, head length 7.6–8.8, body depth at anus 19–24. In head length: snout length 5.1–6.7, eye diameter 9.4–11, upper-jaw length 2.5–3.0. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 5–6, preanal 61–64, total 139–148.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF0AF890FDBFF8BA" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Body moderately elongate, anus slightly before midlength, dorsal-fin origin before gill opening. Jaws moderate, of equal length. Eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw. Anterior nostril tubular; posterior nostril in a low tube, over or just in front of anterior edge of eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFF98693EFF0AF8FCFC2CF829" blockId="25.[151,1437,1578,2038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Teeth smooth, conical to narrowly triangular; intermaxillary teeth in a single peripheral series of about 4 on each side, 2 or 3 median teeth. Maxillary teeth biserial, 2–3 larger inner teeth and about
<date id="5458106AFF98693EFBF4F800FBBCF871" box="[1081,1150,1938,1965]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2015-01-01">1 1–15</date>
smaller outer teeth. Dentary with 2 or 3 large teeth anteriorly followed by about 11–14 smaller teeth, the larger teeth sometimes distinctly medial to smaller teeth. Vomerine teeth uniserial in young, biserial in adults.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9B693DFF0AFF0AFB52FF0B" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFF0AFF0AFECAFF6F" box="[199,264,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Color</emphasis>
: body and head white covered with numerous, polygonal, black spots separated by narrow interspaces often forming a honeycomb-like pattern. Spots larger and more widely separated in young.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9B693DFF03FF72FDC6FF27" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,791]" box="[206,516,225,251]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Maximum size at least
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FF9B693DFE1FFF72FDC6FF27" box="[466,516,225,251]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9B693DFE1FFF72FDC2FF27" box="[466,512,225,251]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9B693DFF0AFE97FE28FEBB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9B693DFF0AFE97FE28FEBB" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFF0AFE97FE35FEC3" bold="true" box="[199,503,260,287]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from the southern Red Sea south to
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFF5AFEBAFEE8FE9F" box="[151,298,297,323]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, east to
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFE44FEBAFE32FE9F" box="[393,496,297,323]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFDE7FEBAFCC8FE9F" box="[554,778,297,323]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Occurs on coral and rocky reefs from depths of
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9B693DFA8DFEBBFA5AFE9F" box="[1344,1432,296,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="25.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="1.0">1–50 m</quantity>
; feeds on fishes and octopuses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9B693DFF0AFEE2FDEAFCCB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9B693DFF0AFEE2FDEAFCCB" blockId="26.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFF0AFEE2FEF9FE57" bold="true" box="[199,315,369,395]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
The record from the Red Sea is based on a photograph taken at Hanish Island off
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFB28FEE2FAF1FE57" box="[1253,1331,369,395]" name="Yemen" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9B693DFA8EFEE2FF11FE73" author="Randall, J. E." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="259 - 275" refId="ref54886" refString="Randall, J. E. (1994) Twenty-two new records of fishes from the Red Sea. Fauna of Saudia Arabia, 14, 259 - 275." type="journal article" year="1994">Randall 1994</bibRefCitation>
). The three specimens examined from
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFD45FE06FD18FE73" box="[648,730,405,431]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
have fewer vertebrae (139–141) than the four specimens from
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFF5AFE2AFF3CFE0F" box="[151,254,441,467]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
(146–148). This species has been confused with other dark-spotted species such as
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9B693DFB77FE2AFEAFFE24" authority="(Richardson)" authorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isingteena">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFB77FE2AFF16FE2B" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gymnothorax isingteena</emphasis>
(Richardson)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9B693DFE6BFE4EFD13FE24" authority="(Bleeker)" authorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[422,721,477,504]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanospilus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFE6BFE4EFD9FFE2B" box="[422,605,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G. melanospilus</emphasis>
(Bleeker)
</taxonomicName>
. The species was not collected during the present study, and no tissue samples or COI sequence data for
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9B693DFDA7FD92FCC4FDC7" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[618,774,513,539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favagineus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFDA7FD92FCC4FDC7" box="[618,774,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G. favagineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the Red Sea are available at present. The one sequence of
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9B693DFE9BFDB6FDB3FDE3" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[342,625,549,575]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favagineus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFE9BFDB6FDB3FDE3" box="[342,625,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gymnothorax favagineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included in the phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF9B693DFBE3FDB6FB43FDE3" box="[1070,1153,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
) and other near identical sequences from the southwestern Indian Ocean that are deposited in BOLD (not included in the present analysis) do not differ markedly from sequences from specimens collected in distant parts of the distribution area of the species (e.g.
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFF1FFD02FEE5FD77" box="[210,295,657,683]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9B693DFEF9FD02FE63FD77" box="[308,417,657,683]" name="Indonesia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and Western Australia) indicating low levels of intra-specific genetic differentiation (not shown in the present phylogeny,
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF9B693DFDC9FD26FD94FD13" box="[516,598,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). The closest phylogenetic relationship, although only weakly supported by bootstrapped analyses, is with
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9B693DFE21FD4AFC92FD2F" authority="Bleeker" authorityName="Bleeker" box="[492,848,729,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9B693DFE21FD4AFD31FD2F" box="[492,755,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gymnothorax formosus</emphasis>
Bleeker
</taxonomicName>
(represented by a specimen from the Society Islands in the present analysis, see
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF9B693DFE05FD6EFDD9FCCB" box="[456,539,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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