treatments-xml/data/97/50/46/975046F510D9D2DDC13DB01806A8D849.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e5551d-3881-45a2-810a-386e517c86fc" ID-PMC="PMC3867181" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-363-1" ID-PubMed="24363601" ID-ZBK="780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-363-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 363" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451246560986" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2013" docId="975046F510D9D2DDC13DB01806A8D849" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 363: 1-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 363" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" docTitle="Hydrochasma robustum Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="78FEE3E7-1E8D-4C3B-A5F4-CA74867B498B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="FFF2FFCA0333765855689824FFCDB839" masterDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1668157177207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>363</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>161</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-363-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050152" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78FEE3E7-1E8D-4C3B-A5F4-CA74867B498B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/975046F510D9D2DDC13DB01806A8D849" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
33. 
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/78FEE3E7-1E8D-4C3B-A5F4-CA74867B498B" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma robustum" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Hydrochasma robustum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="100" pageNumber="101">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 186-190
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
This species is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.45-2.10 mm. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
: Antenna mostly dark gray; parafacial silvery white, concolorous with facial coloration; gena-to-eye ratio 0.18-0.19. Thorax: Wing with costal vein ratio 0.71-0.74; M vein ratio 0.59-0.61. Forecoxa mostly yellow, especially apically, basal portion partially silvery gray. Abdomen: Tergites 3-4 with gray wedges laterally, these sometimes deep and wide. Male terminalia (Figs 186-189): Combined structures generally moderately elongate, in posterior view (Fig. 186) more or less rectangular, height slightly more than twice width, generally setulose but with setulae on ventral 1/3 smaller than those on dorsal 2/3; epandrium with dorsal arch above cerci attenuated, not connected, in posterior view (Fig. 186) with wide medial area membranous, widest at midlength, sclerotized ventral portion tapered to sharp point, ventral margin almost truncate, in lateral view (Fig. 187) with posterior margin more or less evenly curved, anterior margin irregular with a shallow protuberance at ventral 1/3; cerci moderately long, height nearly twice width, narrowly semi-hemispherical (Fig. 187), almost attached lateroventrally with epandrium; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 189) complex, robust, moderately deeply trilobed, posterior 2 lobes digitiform, anterior lobe narrow, shallowly angulate, apex bilobed, in ventral view (Fig. 188) basal half relatively narrow, thereafter wider, apex narrowed, width subequal to basal width, delicately serrate laterally; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 189) elongate, narrow, rod-like, mostly parallel sided, apex at hypandrial end, widened, in ventral view (Fig. 188) an elongate, robust, T-shaped process with width of crossbar only slightly greater than width of stem; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 189) narrow, elongate, bar-like, nearly straight, in ventral view (Fig. 188) bar-like, nearly straight; hypandrium in lateral view (Fig. 189) robust, irregularly shaped, with 2 basal notches, broadly rounded apically, in ventral view (Fig. 188) widest posteriorly, thereafter anteriorly gradually tapered, anterior margin obtusely narrowed, posterior margin shallowly but broadly emarginate.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Figures 186-189. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma robustum" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Hydrochasma robustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (Brazil. Sao Paulo: Praia Puruba) 186 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 187 same, lateral view 188 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 189 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
The holotype male of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma robustum" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Hydrochasma robustum</taxonomicName>
is labeled &quot;BRAZIL. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo: Praia Puruba (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.35">23°21'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-44.926666">44°55.6'W</geoCoordinate>
; beach),29Mar2010[,] D. &amp; W. N. Mathis/USNM ENT 00117967 [plastic bar code label]/HOLOTYPE ♂ 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma robustum" order="Diptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Hydrochasma robustum</taxonomicName>
Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki, DZUP [red].&quot; The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a block of plastic), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the DZUP. Twenty paratypes (20♂; USNM) bear the same label data as the holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Brazil. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo. Ubatuba, Praia Puruba (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.35">23°21'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-44.926666">44°55.6'W</geoCoordinate>
; beach).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="other specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Neotropical. ARGENTINA. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
: La Cavera (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tafí">Tafi</normalizedToken>
Viejo; 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-26.75">26°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-65.26667">65°16'W</geoCoordinate>
), 23-28 Nov 1951, M. L. Aczel, R. Golbach (1♂; USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
BRAZIL. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bocaiúva">Bocaiuva</normalizedToken>
do Sul (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.276667">25°16.6'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.975">48°58.5'W</geoCoordinate>
; 770 m), 16 Feb 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bocaiúva">Bocaiuva</normalizedToken>
do Sul (ca. 10 km NW; 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.248333">25°14.9'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-49.148335">49°08.9'W</geoCoordinate>
; 890 m), 2-4 Nov 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 5♀; DZUP, USNM); Curitiba, Universidade Federal do 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
(
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.448334">25°26.9'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-49.233334">49°14'W</geoCoordinate>
; 915 m), 14 Dec-8 Jan 2009, 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♀; DZUP); Matinhos (N.; 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.773333">
<pageBreakToken pageId="102" pageNumber="103" start="start">25</pageBreakToken>
°46.4'S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.513332">48°30.8'W</geoCoordinate>
; 1 m; beach/estuary), 30 Jan-9 Apr 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂, 1♀; DZUP, USNM); Matinhos (Rio da 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Onça">Onca</normalizedToken>
; 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.79">25°47.4'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.52667">48°31.6'W</geoCoordinate>
; 3 m), 12 Nov 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 1♀; DZUP, USNM); Prainha (5 km S Matinhos; 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.853333">25°51.2'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-48.56">48°33.6'W</geoCoordinate>
; beach), 15 Nov 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; DZUP, USNM). 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boracéia">Boraceia</normalizedToken>
(
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.648333">23°38.9'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-45.88">45°52.8'W</geoCoordinate>
; 850 m), 27 Feb 1967, M. E. Irwin (3♂; USNM); Ubatuba, Praia do Estaleiro (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.341667">23°20.5'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-44.883335">44°53'W</geoCoordinate>
; beach), 30 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; DZUP, USNM). Rio de Janeiro: Ilha da Marambaia (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.06">23°03.6'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-43.985">43°59.1'W</geoCoordinate>
), 4 Sep 2000, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
COSTA RICA. Alajuela: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Tenorio, El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pilón">Pilon</normalizedToken>
(
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.735">10°44.1'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.99167">84°59.5'W</geoCoordinate>
; 967 m), 9 May 2002, J. D. Gutierrez (1♂; INBio). Guanacaste: Bagaces Fortuna Z. P. Miravalles (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.718333">10°43.1'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.855">84°51.3'W</geoCoordinate>
; Sendero Cabro Muco; 980 m), 8-31 Jul 2002, J. D. Gutierrez (1♂; INBio); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
; Camino Cafetal; 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.858334">10°51.5'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.611664">85°36.7'W</geoCoordinate>
; 300 m), 3-5 Aug 2002, D. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
(1♂, 1♀; INBio); Sector el Hacha, Finca el Oro, 5 km SW Hacienda Alemania (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.0">11°00'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.55">85°33'W</geoCoordinate>
; 400 m), 14-19 Apr 2002, D. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
(2♂, 4♀; INBio).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
ECUADOR. Napo: San Francisco de Borja (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.42333332">0°25.4'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.84167">77°50.5'W</geoCoordinate>
; 1610 m), 17 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 13♀; USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
GUYANA. Menzies Landing (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="5.1683335">05°10.1'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.491665">59°29.5'W</geoCoordinate>
), 23 Aug 1997, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
West Indies. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Barahona: Cortico, La Mina (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.111666">18°06.7'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.223335">71°13.4'W</geoCoordinate>
; 1300 m), 23 Mar 1999, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
(6 km NW; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nizao; 
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.033333">18°02'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.2">71°12'W</geoCoordinate>
; 170 m), 21 Mar 1999, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); San Rafael (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="18.031666">18°01.9'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.14">71°08.4'W</geoCoordinate>
), 25-26 Jul 1990, J. E. Rawlins, S. A. Thompson, C. Young (1♂; USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
(Fig. 190). Neotropical: Argentina (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
), Brazil (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), Costa Rica (Guanacaste), Ecuador (Napo), Guyana, West Indies (Dominican Republic).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Figure 190. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma robustum" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Hydrochasma robustum</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">The species epithet, robustum, is of Latin derivation and means robust, referring to the generally robust structures of the male terminalia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
This species is very similar and is evidently closely related to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma capsum" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsum">Hydrochasma capsum</taxonomicName>
, as evidenced by the similar shapes of their respective epandriums in posterior view. This species can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma capsum" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsum">Hydrochasma capsum</taxonomicName>
by the more elongated hypandrium in ventral view (longer than wide) and the unique, basal, hypandrial notches (best seen in lateral view; Fig. 189).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>