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<document id="39A380C4A4961C37326E014B862267C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="29515" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9453839-5f43-4081-a642-f7bb30caf894" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1437570" ID-ZooBank="05A08470-9473-4147-B54B-AB0C90173572" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538122078703" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. &amp; Bastos, Alex C." docDate="2018" docId="6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4483.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4483 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasmittina abrolhosensis Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="24060D9A-FE3C-4B45-B08A-A5F4EB661702" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="90078A5EFFA5790EFFD4FFCFFFB0FFDA" masterDocTitle="Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1698555852733" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="392649F8B0435FAB5E8F77958F261D2D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E8E5E4B25B4C54A9344C746B6839C019">
<mods:title id="1E01BE253D0A6CD8ECD6D9AF968AF2BD">Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="14AEE3F382884D09845F3718443D9F54">
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<mods:namePart id="C954E45C2C3584B7918D0F706207B713">Ramalho, Laís V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56F69403100B37B2AE56FD219EA9AF1E">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="547B6CC4F8FB5C62BB4078BC6C2E47F9">Moraes, Fernando Coreixas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="51A746968FB7AF892D5D528D3126CF01" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="203E0B01FED977C4D2FF59F0F3565F5B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7DB137DECD62FC1CB930F7B5D0CC7B69">Moura, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D0CD13E190445DF0EE7A838C64BBFF3">Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A91349A92187E24DB311536ADC1B69E8">Bastos, Alex C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="839741B7DDF7C6F3F4D99DA1EAB92BA4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7EC6C1D8BFEE2898234888B0EE74FD7F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ECD4A3526F29261E8D95CD6D1A2474CE">
<mods:date id="6A19D72B5B3849845BEAC88B2EBF4FEF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="990A7EA07F10B473A82691EB726CF1DE">2018-09-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="18DD57BEF30C91B4ADB0E8DE110E3454">4483</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5EA98C126D837D108228C41CA54B58B7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952376" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:24060D9A-FE3C-4B45-B08A-A5F4EB661702" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7904FF43FC09FEE5FBD8" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF43FC09FD9AFC3A" blockId="10.[151,554,966,1026]" box="[151,554,966,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<heading id="BF60F45CFFAF7904FF43FC09FD9AFC3A" bold="true" box="[151,554,966,992]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF43FC09FD9AFC3A" bold="true" box="[151,554,966,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FF43FC09FE51FC3A" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,481,966,992]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abrolhosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF43FC09FE51FC3A" bold="true" box="[151,481,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Parasmittina abrolhosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAF7904FE3CFC09FD9AFC3A" box="[488,554,966,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF43FC26FEE5FBD8" blockId="10.[151,554,966,1026]" box="[151,341,1001,1026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF43FC26FF10FBD8" bold="true" box="[151,160,1001,1026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FF74FC26FF4CFBD8" box="[160,252,1001,1026]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Figs 3H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FEDCFC25FEFDFBD8" box="[264,333,1002,1026]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">4A–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7904FF43FBFDFD13FB9D" box="[151,675,1073,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF43FBFDFD13FB9D" blockId="10.[151,675,1073,1095]" box="[151,675,1073,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAF7904FF43FBFDFEACFB9D" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,284,1074,1095]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF43FBFDFEACFB9D" box="[151,284,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAF7904FEF5FBFDFEC0FB9D" box="[289,368,1074,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" rank="species">
sp.
<date id="902965F0FFAF7904FE90FBFDFEC0FB9D" box="[324,368,1074,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">nov.</date>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
2:
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAF7904FE5BFBFDFDFFFB9D" box="[399,591,1073,1095]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. &amp; Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
Bastos
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FE0DFBFDFDBDFB9D" box="[473,525,1073,1095]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: table 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7904FF43FBBBFB85FB2D" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF43FBBBFB85FB2D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1140,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFAF7904FF43FBBBFC36FB75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860734" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos &amp; R. Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" country="Brazil" elevation="4" location="Material" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF43FBBBFE33FB57" bold="true" box="[151,387,1140,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<location id="E14815EBFFAF7904FF43FBBBFF4FFB57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37:E14815EBFFAF7904FF43FBBBFF4FFB57" box="[151,255,1140,1165]" country="Brazil" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" name="Material" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="Bahia">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="044CD94AFFAF7904FE59FBBBFD8DFB57" box="[397,573,1140,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Abrolhos Bank</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAF7904FD9FFBBBFD3CFB57" box="[587,652,1140,1165]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Bahia</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAF7904FD0AFBBBFC97FB57" box="[734,807,1140,1165]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAF7904FCE0FBBBFC11FB57" box="[820,929,1140,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MNRJ-Bry1359,
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FBA1FBBBFAD0FB57" box="[1141,1376,1140,1165]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
,
<elevation id="6FBAA403FFAF7904FABBFBBBFA2CFB56" box="[1391,1436,1140,1164]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="4.0">
<quantity id="236FEED5FFAF7904FABBFBBBFA2CFB56" box="[1391,1436,1140,1164]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFAF7904FF37FB58FE39FB6A" box="[227,393,1175,1200]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="2014-02">
<date id="902965F0FFAF7904FF37FB58FE39FB6A" box="[227,393,1175,1200]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, col.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FE10FB57FD83FB75" box="[452,563,1176,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">R. Moura</collectorName>
, G.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FD88FB58FD43FB6A" box="[604,755,1175,1200]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
&amp; A.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FCECFB57FC36FB75" box="[824,902,1176,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Bastos</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFAF7904FC45FB57FC41FB0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860731" collectingDate="2015-03" collectorName="F. C. Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho" country="Brazil" elevation="25" location="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAF7904FC45FB57FC47FB6A" box="[913,1015,1176,1200]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: MNRJ-Bry1347,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAF7904FB11FB58FA86FB6A" box="[1221,1334,1175,1200]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">California</collectingRegion>
Reef,
<elevation id="6FBAA403FFAF7904FA54FB58FF1DFB0E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="25.0">
<quantity id="236FEED5FFAF7904FA54FB58FF1DFB0E" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFAF7904FED3FB73FE26FB0F" box="[263,406,1212,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="2015-03">
<date id="902965F0FFAF7904FED3FB73FE26FB0F" box="[263,406,1212,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="2015-03">March 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, col.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FE0CFB73FDD7FB0E" box="[472,615,1212,1236]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">F.C. Moraes</collectorName>
, R.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FD4EFB72FD57FB0E" box="[666,743,1213,1236]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Moura</collectorName>
, G.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FCCDFB73FC00FB0F" box="[793,944,1212,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
&amp; A
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFAF7904FBD4FB72FB85FB2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860737" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos &amp; R. Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos." country="Brazil" elevation="4" location="Bastos" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="E14815EBFFAF7904FBD4FB72FBFEFB0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFAF7905FF43FC09FDC4FC37:E14815EBFFAF7904FBD4FB72FBFEFB0E" box="[1024,1102,1213,1236]" country="Brazil" name="Bastos" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" stateProvince="California">Bastos</location>
; MNRJ-Bry1380,
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FAF1FB73FEB2FB22" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
,
<elevation id="6FBAA403FFAF7904FED9FB2FFE88FB2D" box="[269,312,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="4.0">
<quantity id="236FEED5FFAF7904FED9FB2FFE88FB2D" box="[269,312,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFAF7904FE5FFB10FD82FB22" box="[395,562,1247,1272]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="2014-02">
<date id="902965F0FFAF7904FE5FFB10FD82FB22" box="[395,562,1247,1272]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, col.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FDB9FB2FFD6CFB2D" box="[621,732,1248,1271]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">R. Moura</collectorName>
, G.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FCD2FB10FC2DFB22" box="[774,925,1247,1272]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
&amp; A.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFAF7904FC36FB2FFB85FB2D" box="[994,1077,1248,1271]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Bastos.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7904FF13FACBFCECFAC7" box="[199,860,1284,1309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF13FACBFCECFAC7" blockId="10.[151,1437,1140,2029]" box="[199,860,1284,1309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF13FACBFEFEFAC7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1284,1309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Etymology.</emphasis>
Alluding to the
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFAF7904FDD1FACAFD85FAC7" box="[517,565,1285,1309]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
locality (Abrolhos Bank).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7904FF13FAE8FDF8F9CD" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF13FAE8FDF8F9CD" blockId="10.[151,1437,1140,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF13FAE8FEF1FA9A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1319,1344]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Autozooids rectangular to polygonal with a granular frontal wall, imperforate except for small marginal areolar pores; orifice circular with a peristome developed latero-proximally, 3 or 4 oral spines, U-shaped pseudosinus, a pair of condyles, large, hooked and downwardly curved, and a tall and narrow anvil-shaped lyrula. Three different kinds of avicularia: a single or a pair of elongate avicularia with rostrum elongate and serrated, ending in a rounded tip; small avicularia located singly and randomly on the frontal wall or near the orifice; an infrequent giant, spatulate avicularium located near the orifice. Ovicell globose, large, with ooecial surface perforated by small and circular pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAF7905FF13F9EBFABDFF6A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAF7904FF13F9EBFB56F836" blockId="10.[151,1437,1140,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAF7904FF13F9EBFEE8F9E1" bold="true" box="[199,344,1572,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Description.</emphasis>
Encrusting colonies, uni to multilamellar. Autozooids rectangular to polygonal (312–396–471 µm long x 280–308–360 µm wide), forming a circular patch of zooids around the ancestrula. Frontal shield granular, imperforate except for 14–18 large areolar pores (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FCECF9A3FC27F95E" box="[824,919,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Figs 3H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FC70F9A3FBBFF95E" box="[932,1039,1644,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">4A, C, D</figureCitation>
). Orifice circular (93–106–113 µm long (including pseudosinus)
<date id="902965F0FFAF7904FE37F95FFDA3F972" box="[483,531,1679,1704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="165" value="1975-10">x 75</date>
–84–99 µm wide) with peristome developed mainly latero-proximally, forming a U-shaped pseudosinus; a pair of large, hooked condyles, curved downwardly; lyrula tall, narrow, anvil-shaped; oral spines distal to the orifice numbering 3–4 (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FDABF918FD4CF92A" box="[639,764,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
). Frontal avicularia diverse: (1) single or a pair of elongate avicularia (121–142–178 µm long) with rostrum slightly elevated on the surface, slightly serrated and curved, ending in a rounded tip, located laterally to orifice and directed proximally, crossbar complete (usually broken) (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FF4BF88BFEA9F886" box="[159,281,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
); (2) a similar-shaped avicularium that is smaller (79–90–106 µm long), randomly directed and located on the frontal wall or near the orifice (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FD8DF8A8FD06F85A" box="[601,694,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[271,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[270,1326,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of four bryozoan species. A. Metrarabdotos aff. jani, detail of some autozooids showing orifice with small, slit-shaped sinus and lateral, elongate avicularium. B. Metrarabdotos sp., general view of the fragment showing some autozooids with almost circular orifice and a pair of lateral distal avicularium. C–G. Parasmittina distincta n. sp. C. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with two oral spine bases and different kinds of avicularia: shoe-shaped, triangular and elongate. D. General view of a fragment showing autozooids with almost circular orifice, large lyrula, three or four oral spine bases and shoe-shaped avicularium. E. Detail of orifice showing four oral spine bases, large anvil-shaped lyrula and prominent condyles. F. Detail of two autozooids with two and three distal oral spines and short and large triangular lateral avicularium. G. General view of a fragment showing autozooid with two oral distal spines, lyrula and a putative ooecium. H. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., general view of a fragment showing some autozooids with different kinds of avicularia, orifice circular with three to four oral spine bases and tall and narrow lyrula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437577/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
); (3) occasional giant, spatulate avicularia with smooth rostrum, located lateral to the orifice and directed proximally (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FD3FF843FCF4F87E" box="[747,836,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Ovicell globose, wider than long (170–183–204 µm long x 219–236–253 µm wide), large relative to zooid size, extending onto the distal zooid and hiding the distal part of the maternal zooid orifice; ooecial surface perforated by small and circular pores (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFAF7904FBABF81BFB6AF836" box="[1151,1242,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAE7905FF13FF58FABDFF6A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1293,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FF13FF58FE5FFF6A" bold="true" box="[199,495,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FC5BFF57FBECFF6A" box="[911,1116,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. &amp; Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
Bastos
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FC36FF56FBA3FF6A" box="[994,1043,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
; present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAE7905FF13FF73FED9FEC7" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAE7905FF13FF73FED9FEC7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FF13FF73FE8BFF0F" bold="true" box="[199,315,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FE96FF72FD5FFF0E" authority="(Smitt, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[322,751,188,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FE96FF72FDE2FF0E" box="[322,594,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Parasmittina spathulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FDB5FF73FD57FF0E" box="[609,743,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20487" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1873) Floridan Bryozoa collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (4), 1 - 83." type="journal article">Smitt, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has an elongate avicularium very similar to
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FB31FF72FA2CFF0E" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[1253,1436,188,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abrolhosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FB31FF72FA2CFF0E" box="[1253,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. abrolhosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAE7905FF43FF10FF65FF22" box="[151,213,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FF43FF10FF65FF22" bold="true" box="[151,213,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
but not serrated, and also has short condyles, a medium-sized truncate lyrula, undeveloped peristome and two to four oral spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAE7905FF13FEE7FE94FDE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAE7905FF13FEE7FB24FE0A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FF13FEE7FD13FE9A" ID-CoL="762GF" authority="Soule &amp; Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule &amp; Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,675,295,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrula">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FF13FEE7FE01FE9A" box="[199,433,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Parasmittina serrula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FE6CFEE8FD13FE9A" box="[440,675,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20525" refString="Soule, D. F. &amp; Soule, J. D. (1973) Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 152 (6), 365 - 440." type="journal article">Soule &amp; Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, recorded from
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAE7905FC80FEE8FC18FE9A" box="[852,936,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAE7905FC67FEE7FBA2FEE5" box="[947,1042,296,319]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFAE7905FBC9FEE8FBD4FE9A" box="[1053,1124,295,320]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAE7905FBC9FEE8FBD4FE9A" box="[1053,1124,295,320]" name="Belize" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Belize</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFAE7905FB4EFEE8FB47FE9A" box="[1178,1271,295,320]" name="Jamaica" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
, shares with
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FA53FEE6FE82FEBE" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abrolhosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FA53FEE6FE82FEBE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. abrolhosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAE7905FEEEFE83FECBFEBF" box="[314,379,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FEEEFE83FECBFEBF" bold="true" box="[314,379,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
lateral avicularia that are elongate and serrated, 3–4 distal oral spines, and an orifice with a narrow lyrula and large condyles; however,
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FD7CFEBEFCAAFE52" ID-CoL="762GF" authorityName="Soule &amp; Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[680,794,368,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrula">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FD7CFEBEFCAAFE52" box="[680,794,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. serrula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a circular orifice with denticulated condyles (six denticles visible: see
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FE44FE5BFD88FE77" box="[400,568,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20846" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Monographs 4 (Studies in Biodiversity), 3, 1 - 386." type="journal article">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
), a very large spatulate avicularium with serrated edges and another small avicularium, a rostrum that is acutely triangular, finely denticulate and directed proximally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAE7905FF13FE13FE94FDE7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FEEFFE12FD7AFE2E" ID-CoL="6TQGG" authority="Harmelin et al., 2009" authorityName="Harmelin et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[315,714,476,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serruloides">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FEEFFE12FE64FE2E" box="[315,468,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. serruloides</emphasis>
Harmelin
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FD98FE12FDCCFE2E" box="[588,636,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</taxonomicName>
has an elongated and serrated lateral avicularium, but it also has condyles with coarsely denticulate tips (2–5 teeth), lyrula medium-sized, and lacks the spatulate and larger avicularium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAE7905FF13FD88FCD2FCE2" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAE7905FF13FD88FCD2FCE2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
Another species with elongate, slim and lateral avicularia is
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FCB2FD86FB5DFDBA" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[870,1261,583,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="areolata">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FCB2FD86FC6FFDBA" box="[870,991,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. areolata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FC39FD87FB55FDBA" box="[1005,1253,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref17002" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1927) Classification of the Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 69, 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.69 - 2640.1" type="journal article">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
described from Hawaii, Belize and Jamaica (
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FE0EFDA3FD0FFD5E" box="[474,703,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20525" refString="Soule, D. F. &amp; Soule, J. D. (1973) Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 152 (6), 365 - 440." type="journal article">Soule &amp; Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FD1EFDA3FCDAFD5E" box="[714,874,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref21207" refString="Winston, J. E. (1984) Shallow-water bryozoans of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. American Museum Novitates, 2799, 1 - 38." type="journal article">Winston 1984</bibRefCitation>
). This species has a variable number of oral spines (up to six) and an orifice with a narrow lyrula and strongly hooked condyles, but differs from
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FB12FD5EFACEFD72" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[1222,1406,656,680]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abrolhosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FB12FD5EFACEFD72" box="[1222,1406,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. abrolhosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAE7905FA51FD40FF08FD17" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FA51FD40FF08FD17" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having larger zooids (800–840 µm long x 340–420 µm wide), long, thin, almost straight, lateral avicularia (220–300 µm long) and giant avicularia (500 µm long) with a deep concave rostrum and broad spoon-shaped tip.
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FF43FD33FE3BFCCE" box="[151,395,764,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20525" refString="Soule, D. F. &amp; Soule, J. D. (1973) Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 152 (6), 365 - 440." type="journal article">Soule &amp; Soule (1973)</bibRefCitation>
described small avicularia (120–160 µm long) located at the top of the distal rim orifice in
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FA53FD32FF45FCE2" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="areolata">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FA53FD32FF45FCE2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. areolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another feature not observed in the Abrolhos material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFAE7905FF13FC8AFDC4FC37" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFAE7905FF13FC8AFDC4FC37" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FF13FC8AFD06FC86" ID-CoL="75QGM" authority="Soule &amp; Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule &amp; Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,694,836,861]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="uncinata">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FF13FC8AFE73FC86" box="[199,451,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Parasmittina uncinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FE1EFC8BFD06FC86" box="[458,694,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20525" refString="Soule, D. F. &amp; Soule, J. D. (1973) Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 152 (6), 365 - 440." type="journal article">Soule &amp; Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FC90FC8AFC4CFC86" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[836,1020,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abrolhosensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FC90FC8AFC4CFC86" box="[836,1020,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. abrolhosensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFAE7905FBD7FC8BFBF2FC87" box="[1027,1090,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FBD7FC8BFBF2FC87" bold="true" box="[1027,1090,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
a slim lateral avicularium, but it has 2–3 oral spines, an orifice with a narrow, acute or truncate lyrula, small avicularia distal to the orifice (similar to
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FF61FC42FE80FC7E" ID-CoL="4DCBK" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[181,304,908,932]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="areolata">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FF61FC42FE80FC7E" box="[181,304,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">P. areolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and lacks medium-sized suboral or frontal avicularia.
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFAE7905FC7AFC42FF7FFC12" ID-CoL="4DCDW" authority="Soule &amp; Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule &amp; Soule" authorityYear="1973" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parviuncinata">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFAE7905FC7AFC42FB56FC7E" box="[942,1254,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="166">Parasmittina parviuncinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFAE7905FB3BFC43FF7FFC12" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20525" refString="Soule, D. F. &amp; Soule, J. D. (1973) Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 152 (6), 365 - 440." type="journal article">Soule &amp; Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has slim and elongated lateral avicularia, but the orifice lacks a lyrula, and there are two oral spines and additional small acute marginal avicularia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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