318 lines
34 KiB
XML
318 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47161" ID-PMC="PMC7040046" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-8-e47161" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6F47F2E28B8C568B91242D61C7FD67B3" ID-PubMed="32123504" ID-ZooBank="C1986AAA26E44351B6E79B9CF1AAA521" ModsDocID="1314-2828-8-e47161" checkinTime="1581958624869" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Omi, Nao" docDate="2020" docId="634F84CC1A1D5C868BEF26F59C944E0B" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 8: e47161" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47161" docTitle="Enterostomula densissimabursa Omi 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="6F47F2E28B8C568B91242D61C7FD67B3" lastPageNumber="47161" masterDocId="6F47F2E28B8C568B91242D61C7FD67B3" masterDocTitle="A novel Enterostomula (Platyhelminthes, Prolecithophora) species from two brackish lakes in Japan" masterLastPageNumber="47161" masterPageNumber="47161" pageNumber="47161" updateTime="1668125258104" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A novel Enterostomula (Platyhelminthes, Prolecithophora) species from two brackish lakes in Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Omi, Nao</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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<mods:start>47161</mods:start>
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<mods:end>47161</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47161</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-8-e47161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C1986AAA26E44351B6E79B9CF1AAA521</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6F47F2E28B8C568B91242D61C7FD67B3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/634F84CC1A1D5C868BEF26F59C944E0B" lastPageNumber="47161" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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<taxonomicName LSID="634F84CC-1A1D-5C86-8BEF-26F59C944E0B" authority="Omi, 2020" authorityName="Omi" authorityYear="2020" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula densissimabursa" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="densissimabursa" status="sp. n.">Enterostomula densissimabursa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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<materialsCitation country="Japan" location="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Type status:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Taxon:</emphasis>
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scientificName: Enterostomuladensissimabursa sp. nov.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Platyheminthes; order: Prolecithophora; family: Pseudostomidae; genus: Enterostomula; taxonRank: species;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Location:</emphasis>
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waterBody: Shinji Lake; island: Honshu (Main island of Japan); country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Japan</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: Japan/JP; stateProvince: Shimane;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Identification:</emphasis>
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identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Nao Omi</determinerName>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Event:</emphasis>
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year: 2014; month: 8; habitat: Sand and seaweed;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Record Level:</emphasis>
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language: en; institutionID: NMST-Pl 6300 (sagittal serial section)
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Type status:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Record Level:</emphasis>
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scientificName: Enterostomuladensissimabursa sp. nov.; institutionID: NMST-Pl 6298 (Frontal serial setion), NMST-Pl 6299 (Sagittal serial section)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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Body is short and cylindrical, 0.28-0.42 mm (average 0.34 mm, n = 12) long and 0.12-0.33 mm (average 0.17 mm, n = 12) wide. Anterior end is rounded; no ciliated grooves or pits; posterior end is sharpened slightly. Body colour is white; two black pigmented bands located at the dorsal anterior and opposite to end; posterior pigment band extends to the ventral side through the flank; the pigment lies just below the basement membrane of the epidermis (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367339" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367360" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367361" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">b</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367362" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">c</figureCitation>
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). The basement membrane under the body surface is thick. The intestine is pale orange or white in the living specimen. The eyes, surrounded by black pigment, are located anteriorly and partially embedded in the brain. Each eye consists of a heart-shaped posterior part of two lenses and a single anterior lens (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367373" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">a</figureCitation>
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). The brain has a weak tunic and is situated under the testis and posteriorly to the eyes; pigment granules can be seen on the brain surface (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367373" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">a</figureCitation>
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). The testis is follicular, with a tunic near the anterior end. Two vasa deferentia from the testis pass lateral to the intestine. No distinct vesicula seminalis is present. The male copulatory organ, dorsal to the intesitine, is long and cylindrical, 80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, with thick-walls of circular and longitudinal muscles; vesicular granulorum is located anteriorly within the male copulatory organ and the penis is located internally within the copulatory organ and extends beyond the penis sheath (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367374" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">b</figureCitation>
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). The penis sheath is flexible and thick. The ovary is unpaired, not fully separated from the vitellarium and lies dorsally to and posterior to the testis (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367375" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">c</figureCitation>
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). The vitellarium is an unpaired structure extending dorsally from just behind the testes to the posterior part of the body. The bursa is long and large and is located on the posterior dorsal part of the animal. The posterior portion of the bursa is swollen with thick walls consisting of fibre bundles around a narrow lumen (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367374" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">b</figureCitation>
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). The anterior portion of the bursa has a columnar structure. The bursa connects to a sclerotised portion of the spermatic duct. The rest of this duct has a swollen portion that opens through a sclerotic bursal mouthpiece (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367376" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367378" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">f</figureCitation>
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). The vagina externa opens into the bursa and connects to the vaginal pore at the posterior end of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="animal’s">animal's</normalizedToken>
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body (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367368" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStartId="F5367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">e</figureCitation>
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). The pharynx is small and tube-shaped and is located near the posterior ventral end. The oesophagus is short. The common oral-genital opening is located near the posterior ventral end. The intestine with weak tunic lies posterior to the testis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Etymology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">The name of the new species refers to its thick-walled bursa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Lakes Shinji and Nakaumi near the coast of Shimane Prefecture, Japan</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" type="taxon discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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By having a common gonopore, a short droplet body shape, a tubular pharynx, a brain and intestine with a weak tunic and an ovary that is not fully separated from the vitellarium,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. belongs to the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1904" family="Pseudostomidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="family">Pseudostomidae</taxonomicName>
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. Its unpaired ovary, unpaired spermatic duct, bursa, vagina externa and unpaired vitellarium more specifically place this species in the genus
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<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Amongst pseudostomids, both genera
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<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a vaginal pore and a bursa; however,
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<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a paired spermatic duct, while
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<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an unpaired spermatic duct (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reisinger, E." journalOrPublisher="Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="444 - 462" refId="B5360598" refString="Reisinger, E., 1926. Zur Turbellarienfauna der Antarktis. Deutsche Suedpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Zoologie 18: 444 - 462" title="Zur Turbellarienfauna der Antarktis. Deutsche Suedpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903" volume="18" year="1926">Reisinger 1926</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ruffin Jones Jr., E." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="215 - 230" refId="B5360466" refString="Ruffin Jones Jr., E., 1941. The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp). Journal of Morphology 68: 215 - 230" title="The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp)" volume="68" year="1941">Ruffin Jones Jr. 1941</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Omi" authorityYear="2020" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula densissimabursa" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula densissimabursa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. has two black pigment bands on its dorsal side. The pigment is typical in prolecithophorans.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1962" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma amoenum" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amoenum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma amoenum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Karling, 1962 and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Beauchamp" baseAuthorityYear="1913" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula graffi" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graffi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula graffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Beauckamp, 1913), also have pigmented bands (
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<bibRefCitation author="Beauchamp, P. D." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="159 - 162" refId="B5360413" refString="Beauchamp, P. D., 1913. Sur la faune (Turbellaries en particulier) de eaux saumatres du Socoa. II. Monoophorum graffi n. sp. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 38: 159 - 162" title="Sur la faune (Turbellaries en particulier) de eaux saumatres du Socoa. II. Monoophorum graffi n. sp" volume="38" year="1913">Beauchamp 1913</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ma, L. A." journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="244 - 252" refId="B5360516" refString="Ma, L. A., Rong, C. H., Wang, A. T., 2014. A newly recorded species named Enterostomula graffi in the newly recorded family Cylindrostomidae (Prolecithophora) from China. Chinese Journal of Zoology 49: 244 - 252" title="A newly recorded species named Enterostomula graffi in the newly recorded family Cylindrostomidae (Prolecithophora) from China" volume="49" year="2014">Ma et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Karling, T. G." journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="181 - 209" refId="B5360486" refString="Karling, T. G., 1962. Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific coast of North America. II. Pseudostomidae and Cylindrostomidae. Arkiv foer Zoologi 15: 181 - 209" title="Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific coast of North America. II. Pseudostomidae and Cylindrostomidae" volume="15" year="1962">Karling 1962</bibRefCitation>
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). In addition, although
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. graffi" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="graffi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. graffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is considered a marine species, it has been reported in the brackish waters of the Marmara Sea, some European seas,and the Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruffin Jones Jr., E." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="215 - 230" refId="B5360466" refString="Ruffin Jones Jr., E., 1941. The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp). Journal of Morphology 68: 215 - 230" title="The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp)" volume="68" year="1941">Ruffin Jones Jr. 1941</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ax, P" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="43 - 183" refId="B5360403" refString="Ax, P, 1959. Zur Systematik, Oekologie und Tiergeographie der Turhellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwasser gebieten. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere 87: 43 - 183" title="Zur Systematik, Oekologie und Tiergeographie der Turhellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwasser gebieten" volume="87" year="1959">Ax 1959</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Ax, P." journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" refId="B5360362" refString="Ax, P., 2008. Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel. In: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas., 696 pp." title="Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel" volumeTitle="Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas." year="2008">Ax 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Beauchamp" baseAuthorityYear="1913" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula graffi" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graffi">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula graffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has two pairs of eyes, a short globular male copulatory organ and a thin-walled bursa, whereas
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||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. nov. has one pair of eyes, its male copulatory organ is long and cylindrical in form and its bursa is thick-walled (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ma, L. A." journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="244 - 252" refId="B5360516" refString="Ma, L. A., Rong, C. H., Wang, A. T., 2014. A newly recorded species named Enterostomula graffi in the newly recorded family Cylindrostomidae (Prolecithophora) from China. Chinese Journal of Zoology 49: 244 - 252" title="A newly recorded species named Enterostomula graffi in the newly recorded family Cylindrostomidae (Prolecithophora) from China" volume="49" year="2014">Ma et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruffin Jones Jr., E." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="215 - 230" refId="B5360466" refString="Ruffin Jones Jr., E., 1941. The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp). Journal of Morphology 68: 215 - 230" title="The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp)" volume="68" year="1941">Ruffin Jones Jr. 1941</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beauchamp, P. D." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="159 - 162" refId="B5360413" refString="Beauchamp, P. D., 1913. Sur la faune (Turbellaries en particulier) de eaux saumatres du Socoa. II. Monoophorum graffi n. sp. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 38: 159 - 162" title="Sur la faune (Turbellaries en particulier) de eaux saumatres du Socoa. II. Monoophorum graffi n. sp" volume="38" year="1913">Beauchamp 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1962" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma amoenum" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
superficially resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Both species have dorsal pigment bands, cylindrical male copulatory organs and a large bursa. In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. amoenum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">A. amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the vesicula seminalis connects to the male copulatory organ; however, a distinct vesicula seminalis is not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The bursa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. amoenum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">A. amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
directly connects to the ovary without a spermatic duct; however, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., the bursa connects to the ovary via the spermatic duct. The bursa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. amoenum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">A. amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large cellular body, whereas the wall of the bursa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. consists mainly of thick fibres of extracellular matrix and muscle bundles. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has one distinct pair of black eyes,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. amoenum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">A. amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks eyes entirely (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karling, T. G." journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="181 - 209" refId="B5360486" refString="Karling, T. G., 1962. Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific coast of North America. II. Pseudostomidae and Cylindrostomidae. Arkiv foer Zoologi 15: 181 - 209" title="Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific coast of North America. II. Pseudostomidae and Cylindrostomidae" volume="15" year="1962">Karling 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. amoenum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">A. amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a groove on the anterior body surface,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. does not have a distinct groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1962" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma amoenum" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amoenum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma amoenum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered endemic to California, USA and is found in marine environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karling, T. G." journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="181 - 209" refId="B5360486" refString="Karling, T. G., 1962. Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific coast of North America. II. Pseudostomidae and Cylindrostomidae. Arkiv foer Zoologi 15: 181 - 209" title="Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific coast of North America. II. Pseudostomidae and Cylindrostomidae" volume="15" year="1962">Karling 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species, reported in the present study, inhabits brackish lakes at low salinities ranging between 1‰ and 20‰.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
|
||
In addition to bursa and male copulatory organs, spermatic ducts were observed in 11 individuals amongst the 17
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. specimens collected. Additionally, the bursal mouthpiece, which is connected to a single ovary, was observed in only one specimen. The development of a bursal mouthpiece could be the final stage in the development of the genital system of the organisms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Beauchamp" baseAuthorityYear="1913" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula graffi" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="graffi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula graffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma catinosum" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="catinosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma catinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Beklemischev, 1927) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beklemischev, V. N." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut des recherches biologiques de Perm" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="177 - 207" refId="B5360423" refString="Beklemischev, V. N., 1927. Uber die Turbellarienfauna der Bucht von Odessa und der in dieselbe muendende Quellen. Bulletin de l'Institut des recherches biologiques de Perm 5: 177 - 207" title="Uber die Turbellarienfauna der Bucht von Odessa und der in dieselbe muendende Quellen." volume="5" year="1927">Beklemischev 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have been collected only from brackish waters, but are considered to stem from ancestors in the marine environment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruffin Jones Jr., E." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="215 - 230" refId="B5360466" refString="Ruffin Jones Jr., E., 1941. The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp). Journal of Morphology 68: 215 - 230" title="The morphology of Enterostomula graffi (= Monoophorum graffi Beauchamp)" volume="68" year="1941">Ruffin Jones Jr. 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beauchamp, P. D." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="159 - 162" refId="B5360413" refString="Beauchamp, P. D., 1913. Sur la faune (Turbellaries en particulier) de eaux saumatres du Socoa. II. Monoophorum graffi n. sp. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 38: 159 - 162" title="Sur la faune (Turbellaries en particulier) de eaux saumatres du Socoa. II. Monoophorum graffi n. sp" volume="38" year="1913">Beauchamp 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mack-Fira, V." journalOrPublisher="McGraw-Hill, New York. pp. 248 - 290" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" refId="B5360526" refString="Mack-Fira, V., 1974. The turbellarian fauna of the Romanian littoral waters of the Black Sea and its annexes. Riser, N.W. & Morse M.P. eds. Biology of the Turbellaria. McGraw-Hill, New York. pp. 248-290" title="The turbellarian fauna of the Romanian littoral waters of the Black Sea and its annexes. Riser, N. W. & Morse M. P. eds. Biology of the Turbellaria" year="1974">Mack-Fira 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ax, P" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" pagination="43 - 183" refId="B5360403" refString="Ax, P, 1959. Zur Systematik, Oekologie und Tiergeographie der Turhellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwasser gebieten. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere 87: 43 - 183" title="Zur Systematik, Oekologie und Tiergeographie der Turhellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwasser gebieten" volume="87" year="1959">Ax 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ax, P." journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" refId="B5360362" refString="Ax, P., 2008. Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel. In: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas., 696 pp." title="Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel" volumeTitle="Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas." year="2008">Ax 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Allostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allostoma pallidum" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pallidum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Allostoma pallidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Beneden, 1861 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ax, P." journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" refId="B5360362" refString="Ax, P., 2008. Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel. In: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas., 696 pp." title="Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel" volumeTitle="Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas." year="2008">Ax 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is a marine-euhaline immigrant, collected from both marine and brackish habitats.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Omi" authorityYear="2020" family="Pseudostomidae" genus="Enterostomula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enterostomula densissimabursa" order="Prolecithophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">Enterostomula densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. was collected from the brackish waters of Lakes Shinji and Nakaumi with salinities ranging between 1‰ and 20‰ and not from the high salinity (> 27‰) outlets of the Sea of Japan, suggesting that it is a genuine brackish water species, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ax, P." journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fuer allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" refId="B5360362" refString="Ax, P., 2008. Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel. In: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas., 696 pp." title="Plathelminthes aus Brackgewaessern der Nordhalbkugel" volumeTitle="Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Maintz Franz Steiner Verlas." year="2008">Ax 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
would call it. Nonetheless, I found at least seven other pseudostomid species in marine waters just outside the lakes, whereas only
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. densissimabursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="densissimabursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. densissimabursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found within the lakes. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. mursubursa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161" rank="species" species="mursubursa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47161">E. mursubursa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
potentially occupies a niche to which other local pseudostomids have not adapted. To date, few studies have reported Pseudostomids in environments with such low salinities. Future studies on the genus should not only explore it in seawater environments but also in low-salinity environments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |