treatments-xml/data/4C/58/35/4C5835FF56565277BC03766EEF3D662C.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33e2d3ce-167e-4c70-a74a-12a84710a1e6" ID-PMC="PMC7367896" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-69-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1EE0969FEC495A54BF779CCFA62DB5E6" ID-PubMed="32733147" ModsDocID="1314-4049-69-1" checkinTime="1594458572206" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Saba, Malka, Haelewaters, Danny, Pfister, Donald H. &amp; Khalid, Abdul Nasir" docDate="2020" docId="4C5835FF56565277BC03766EEF3D662C" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 69: 1-31" docOrigin="MycoKeys 69" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563" docTitle="Pseudosperma brunneoumbonatum Saba &amp; Khalid 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="1EE0969FEC495A54BF779CCFA62DB5E6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="1EE0969FEC495A54BF779CCFA62DB5E6" masterDocTitle="New species of Pseudosperma (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) from Pakistan revealed by morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic reconstruction" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668136487410" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New species of Pseudosperma (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) from Pakistan revealed by morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic reconstruction</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Saba, Malka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rustflora@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Haelewaters, Danny</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA &amp; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA &amp; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-0834</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pfister, Donald H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-8646</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Khalid, Abdul Nasir</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>69</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>31</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-69-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1EE0969FEC495A54BF779CCFA62DB5E6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165061618" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C5835FF56565277BC03766EEF3D662C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C5835FF56565277BC03766EEF3D662C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="4C5835FF-5656-5277-BC03-766EEF3D662C" authority="Saba &amp; Khalid" authorityName="Saba &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma brunneoumbonatum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum" status="sp. nov.">Pseudosperma brunneoumbonatum Saba &amp; Khalid</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pseudosperma brunneoumbonatum: A Basidiomata of holotype collection (LAH 310032) B-E microscopic characters: B basidia C cheilocystidia D basidiospores E pileipellis. Scale bars: 1 cm (A), 10 µm (B), 30 µm (C, E), 20 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/430576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Characterised by the dark brown umbo and basidiospores 10.3-15.3(-16.7) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.6-9.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
and an ecological association with 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/430576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saba &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2020" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma brunneoumbonatum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Basidiomata of holotype collection (LAH 310032) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-E</emphasis>
microscopic characters: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
basidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
cheilocystidia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
basidiospores 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
pileipellis. Scale bars: 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
), 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
), 30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, E</emphasis>
), 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
: Pakistan, Prov. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Abbottabad, Shimla, 14 Sep 2012, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">leg.</emphasis>
M. Saba &amp; A.N. Khalid; MSM#0053 (LAH 310032); GenBank accession nos. MG742419 (ITS), MG742420 (nrLSU). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ibid.</emphasis>
, 6 Aug. 2014; MSM#00545 (LAH 31003); GenBank accession nos. MG742421 (ITS), MG742422 (nrLSU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">From Latin, referring to dark brown colour of the umbo.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pileus</emphasis>
20-38 mm in diam., plane to broadly convex with an acute umbo; margin straight or flaring to deflexed; surface dry, dull, strongly rimose, cracked towards centre but disc smooth and unbroken; strong brown (5YR4/8), disc/umbo deep brown (5YR2/6). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lamellae</emphasis>
regular, adnexed to sinuate, close, pale orange yellow (10YR8/4) or pale yellow (5Y9/4), becoming yellowish-brown with age, concolorous with stipe; edges even; lamelullae one tier; edges white and fimbrirate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipe</emphasis>
22-40 mm, central to slightly eccentric, equal, recurved squamulose, longitudinally fibrillose, pale yellow (5Y9/4) or light yellowish-brown (10YR7/4), veil not observed. Odour spermatic. Context white, lacking any colour changes where cut or bruised.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Basidiospores</emphasis>
10.3-15.3(-16.7) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.6-9.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
[x = 12.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, Q = 1.2-1.96], smooth, phaseoliform or ellipsoid, thin-walled, pale brown to reddish-brown in KOH, apiculus present or absent, apex obtuse. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Basidia</emphasis>
27-39 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10.6-16 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate with refractive contents, primarily 4-sterigmate, less often 2-sterigmate, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH; sterigmata 3-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
24-35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
14-29 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, numerous, clavate, some catenate, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
clavate or cylindrical, similar to cheilocystidia, infrequent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a cutis, hyphae cylindrical, 5-9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, thin-walled, pale brown in KOH, some with encrustations, septate. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
of parallel hyphae, 5-10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide; subhymenium of compact hyphae, 3-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
cylindrical hyphae, hyaline in mass in KOH. All structures inamyloid. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habit and habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habit and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Occurring in August and September, solitary or in groups, scattered on the forest floor in stands of 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus roxburghii" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus roxburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Pinaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In all phylogenetic reconstructions (Figures 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The best-scoring ML tree (- lnL = 27210.474) of the Rimosae s. s. and Inosperma clades, reconstructed from the concatenated ITS-nrLSU-mtSSU dataset. ML bootstraps (if ≥ 70) are presented above or in front of the branch leading to each node. Thick branches have maximum support (ML BS = 100). Subclade designations within sect. Rimosae s. s. follow Larsson et al. (2009) in the strict sense. Newly-described species are in boldface." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/430573" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The best-scoring ML tree (- lnL = 5704.951) of Rimosae s. s. subclade A, complemented with recently-described species within sect. Rimosae s. s., reconstructed from the nrLSU dataset. ML bootstraps (if ≥ 70) are presented above or in front of the branch leading to each node. Thick branches have maximum support (ML BS = 100). Newly-described species are in boldface." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/430575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is sister to 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (isolates TR104_05 and TR133_05). This undescribed species from high-elevations in Papua New Guinea is associated with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
). Of the north temperate species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is phylogenetically most closely related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. umbrinellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. umbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The best-scoring ML tree (- lnL = 5704.951) of Rimosae s. s. subclade A, complemented with recently-described species within sect. Rimosae s. s., reconstructed from the nrLSU dataset. ML bootstraps (if ≥ 70) are presented above or in front of the branch leading to each node. Thick branches have maximum support (ML BS = 100). Newly-described species are in boldface." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/430575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
, Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of ecological and morphological characters among the three newly described Pakistani species of Pseudosperma and phylogenetically similar species P. rimosum and P. umbrinellum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8D170A13E2C23607F1F5297E22BE3A6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="8D170A13E2C23607F1F5297E22BE3A6E">2</tableCitation>
). In terms of morphology, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. umbrinellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. umbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its strong brown pileus with an acute umbo (hazel to cinnamon brown) and somewhat larger basidiospores (measuring 10-13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.5-6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. umbrinellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. umbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Other related North American taxa are 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aestivum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aestivum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. aestivum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kropp, Matheny &amp; Hutchison) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. niveivelatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niveivelatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. niveivelatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D.E. Stuntz ex Kropp, Matheny &amp; Hutchison) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kropp, Matheny &amp; Hutchison" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma aestivum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aestivum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma aestivum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated by larger basidiomata and different pileus colouration (yellowish to pale yellow with yellow-brown centre), whereas 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. niveivelatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niveivelatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. niveivelatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a white stipe and a non-rimose pileus with different colouration (covered with abundant white velipellis) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-185" author="Kropp, BR" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="728 - 747" refId="B28" refString="Kropp, BR, Matheny, PB, Hutchison, LJ, 2013. Inocybe section Rimosae in Utah: phylogenetic affinities and new species. Mycologia 105 (3): 728 - 747, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/12-185" title="Inocybe section Rimosae in Utah: phylogenetic affinities and new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3852/12-185" volume="105" year="2013">Kropp et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma perlatum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="perlatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma perlatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cooke) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. superficially resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the slightly larger basidiospores, pale orange yellow stipe and a presumed association with 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguish the new species from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. perlatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perlatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. perlatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is an associate of deciduous trees (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1986.246" author="Vauras, J" journalOrPublisher="Karstenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 72" refId="B63" refString="Vauras, J, Huhtinen, S, 1986. Finnish records on the genus Inocybe ecology and distribution of four calciphilous species. Karstenia 26 (2): 65 - 72, DOI: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1986.246" title="Finnish records on the genus Inocybe ecology and distribution of four calciphilous species." url="https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1986.246" volume="26" year="1986">Vauras and Huhtinen 1986</bibRefCitation>
). It differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. rimosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rimosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. rimosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having broader basidiospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="T. Bau &amp; Y. G. Fan" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma neoumbrinellum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neoumbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma neoumbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(T. Bau &amp; Y.G. Fan) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. is an Asian species (described from China) with similar basidioma size and colouration (
<bibRefCitation author="Bau, T" journalOrPublisher="Mycosystema" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="693 - 702" refId="B3" refString="Bau, T, Fan, Y-G, 2018. Three new species of Inocybe sect. Rimosae from China. Mycosystema 37: 693 - 702" title="Three new species of Inocybe sect. Rimosae from China." volume="37" year="2018">Bau and Fan 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The basidiospores of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, are remarkably larger. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Razaq, Khalid &amp; Kobayashi" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma himalayense" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="himalayense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma himalayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Razaq, Khalid &amp; Kobayashi) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. was recently described from Pakistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, L-N" journalOrPublisher="Sydowia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="211 - 286" refId="B34" refString="Liu, L-N, Razaq, A, Atri, NS, Bau, T, Belbahri, L, Chenari Bouket, A, Chen, L-P, Deng, C, Ilyas, S, Khalid, AN, Kitaura, MJ, Kobayashi, T, Li, Y, Lorenz, AP, Ma, Y-H, Malysheva, E, Malysheva, V, Nuytinck, J, Qiao, M, Saini, MK, Scur, MC, Sharma, S, Shu, L-L, Spirin, V, Tanaka, Y, Tojo, M, Uzuhashi, S, Valerio-Junior, C, Verbeken, A, Verma, B, Wu, R-H, Xu, J-P, Yu, Z-F, Zeng, H, Zhang, B, Banerjee, A, Beddiar, A, Bordallo, JJ, Dafri, A, Dima, B, Krisai-Greilhuber, I, Lorenzini, M, Mandal, R, Morte, A, Nath, PS, Papp, V, Pavlik, J, Rodriguez, A, Sevcikova, H, Urban, A, Voglmayr, H, Zapparoli, G, 2018. Fungal systematics and evolution: FUSE 4. Sydowia 70: 211 - 286" title="Fungal systematics and evolution: FUSE 4." volume="70" year="2018">Liu et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and is similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having similar pileus size. This species was found at different localities in the western Himalayas, but always near 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus wallichiana" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus wallichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Razaq, Khalid &amp; Kobayashi" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma himalayense" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="himalayense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma himalayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a much longer stipe (50-80 mm vs. max. 40 mm in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); white to pale yellow, olive yellow or light brown pileus; and somewhat smaller basidiospores. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Z. Ullah, S. Jabeen, H. Ahmad &amp; A. N. Khalid" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma pakistanense" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pakistanense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma pakistanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Z. Ullah, S. Jabeen, H. Ahmad &amp; A.N. Khalid) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., another species described from Pakistan, can be differentiated by the presence of pleurocystidia, somewhat smaller basidiospores and phylogenetic placement (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.348.4.4" author="Ullah, Z" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="279 - 288" refId="B62" refString="Ullah, Z, Jabeen, S, Ahmad, H, Khalid, AN, 2018. Inocybe pakistanensis, a new species in section Rimosae s. str. from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 348 (4): 279 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.348.4.4" title="Inocybe pakistanensis, a new species in section Rimosae s. str. from Pakistan." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.348.4.4" volume="348" year="2018">Ullah et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
, Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The best-scoring ML tree (- lnL = 5704.951) of Rimosae s. s. subclade A, complemented with recently-described species within sect. Rimosae s. s., reconstructed from the nrLSU dataset. ML bootstraps (if ≥ 70) are presented above or in front of the branch leading to each node. Thick branches have maximum support (ML BS = 100). Newly-described species are in boldface." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/430575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The following two species have not yet been recombined in 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, phylogenetic evidence undoubtedly places both 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. neglecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
E. Horak, Matheny &amp; Desjardin and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. friabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="friabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. friabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Matheny &amp; Kudzma in the newly-recognised genus 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1" author="Horak, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 238" refId="B19" refString="Horak, E, Matheny, PB, Desjardin, DE, Soytong, K, 2015. The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia. Phytotaxa 230 (3): 201 - 238, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1" title="The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1" volume="230" year="2015">Horak et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-18-00060.1" author="Matheny, PB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 235" refId="B39" refString="Matheny, PB, Kudzma, LV, 2019. New species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from eastern North America. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 146 (3): 213 - 235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-18-00060.1" title="New species of Inocybe (Inocybaceae) from eastern North America." url="https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-18-00060.1" volume="146" year="2019">Matheny and Kudzma 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The new combinations are presented at the end of the taxonomy section. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Horak, Matheny &amp; Desjardin" authorityYear="2015" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inocybe neglecta" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inocybe neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Thailand was described in the 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pseudosperma</taxonomicName>
clade by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1" author="Horak, E" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 238" refId="B19" refString="Horak, E, Matheny, PB, Desjardin, DE, Soytong, K, 2015. The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia. Phytotaxa 230 (3): 201 - 238, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1" title="The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1" volume="230" year="2015">Horak et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. While it also lacks pleurocystidia and has a strong brown umbonate pileus, it is different from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller pileus (12-18 mm vs. 20-38 mm) and smaller and differently-shaped basidiospores. In addition, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. neglecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the type locality, growing in a tropical montane forest dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lithocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Blume and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D. Don) Spach (both in 
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Kudzma" authorityYear="2019" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inocybe friabilis" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="friabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inocybe friabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described from North America in the 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pseudosperma</taxonomicName>
clade, resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking pleurocystidia and having a similarly coloured pileus. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. friabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="friabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. friabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller basidiospores, is associated with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carya" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and has an eastern United States distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The taxonomic studies of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inocybe" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Inocybe</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Kobayashi, T" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 246" refId="B27" refString="Kobayashi, T, 2002. The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe. Nova Hedwigia 124: 1 - 246" title="The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe." volume="124" year="2002">Kobayashi (2002)</bibRefCitation>
discussed 136 species, of which 13 (including four varieties and three formae) in subgenus 
<taxonomicName authority="Rimosae" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inosperma subsp. section" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Rimosae">Inosperma section Rimosae</taxonomicName>
. These are [all referred to as 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inocybe" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inocybe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Kobayashi, T" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 246" refId="B27" refString="Kobayashi, T, 2002. The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe. Nova Hedwigia 124: 1 - 246" title="The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe." volume="124" year="2002">Kobayashi (2002)</bibRefCitation>
]: 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inosperma adaequatum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="adaequatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inosperma adaequatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Britzelm.) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. aureostipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aureostipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. aureostipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kobayasi) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. cookei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cookei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. cookei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bres.) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. erubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. erubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Blytt) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. [as its synonym 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. patouillardii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="patouillardii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. patouillardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bres.], 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. maculatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="maculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I. maculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boud.) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kobayasi" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma avellaneum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="avellaneum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma avellaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kobayasi) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bisporum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bisporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bisporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hongo) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. flavellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P. Karst.) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. macrospermum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. macrospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hongo) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rimosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rimosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rimosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as its synonym 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Inocybe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Inocybe fastigiata" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inocybe fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schaeff.) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quél">Quel</normalizedToken>
.], 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. squamatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="squamatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. squamatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J.E. Lange) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. transiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="transiens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. transiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Takah. Kobay.) Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. umbrinellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. umbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since no sequence data are available for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. avellaneum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="avellaneum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. avellaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bisporum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bisporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bisporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. macrospermum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. macrospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. transiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="transiens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. transiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we will compare their morphology with the newly-proposed Pakistani species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matheny &amp; Esteve-Rav" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kobayasi" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma avellaneum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="avellaneum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma avellaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a pale greyish ochraceous pileus, its basidiospores are smaller and its cheilocystidia are distinctly narrower (width 9.5-14.5 vs. 14-29 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) compared to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As the only species in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="subsp. sect." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="section" section="Rimosae">sect. Rimosae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kobayashi, T" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 246" refId="B27" refString="Kobayashi, T, 2002. The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe. Nova Hedwigia 124: 1 - 246" title="The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe." volume="124" year="2002">Kobayashi 2002</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bisporum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bisporum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bisporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 2-sterigmate. In addition, this species has a generally shorter stipe (17-26 vs. 22-40 mm in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the edges of its lamellae are serrate (with small teeth as a saw) and, again, the cheilocystidia are narrower (width 10.0-13.8 vs. 14-29 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Another Japanese species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. macrospermum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. macrospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is morphologically different in the following characters: the stipe has a bulbous base, the basidia are shorter and narrower and its pileus is much smaller in diameter. Finally, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. transiens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="transiens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. transiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a much longer stipe, its basidia are always narrower (up to 9.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide) and its cheilocystidia are both longer and narrower ((29-)38-52 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9.5-13.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) compared to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="8D170A13E2C23607F1F5297E22BE3A6E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8D170A13E2C23607F1F5297E22BE3A6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of ecological and morphological characters among the three newly described Pakistani species of 
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Inocybaceae" genus="Pseudosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pseudosperma" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and phylogenetically similar species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rimosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rimosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rimosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. umbrinellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. umbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. brunneoumbonatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneoumbonatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. brunneoumbonatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pinophilum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pinophilum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pinophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. triacicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="triacicularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. triacicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rimosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rimosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rimosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. umbrinellum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="umbrinellum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. umbrinellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host association(s)</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Betula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cedrus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cedrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larix" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Populus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tilia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Helianthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthemum" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helianthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Populus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pileus color</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Strong brown (5YR4/8), disc/umbo deep brown (5YR2/6)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Strong brown throughout (5YR4/6 to 5YR4/8), with dark brown umbo</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Brownish orange (5YR5/8) to fulvous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Highly variable, from pale to ochraceous yellow brown to dark brown, usually darkest around center; sometimes very conspicuous and bright yellow; sometimes blackish brown</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Hazel to cinnamon brown, warm yellowish to reddish brown caps with a dark center and contrasting strongly rimose and lighter periphery</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Umbo</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Acute</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Acute</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Acute to subacute or obtuse</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Acute</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Blunt</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Velipellis</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Basidiospores</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
10.3-15.3(-16.7) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.6-9.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
(8.2-)9.4-15.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.3-8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
(7.7-)8.9-12.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.1-7.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
9.5-12.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.0-7.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
10.0-13.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.5-6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reference(s)</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">This paper</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">This paper</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">This paper</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Kuyper, TW" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Kuyper, TW, 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybein Europe. I.SubgenusInosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenusInocybe. Persoonia Suppl.3: 1-247." title="A revision of the genus Inocybein Europe. I. SubgenusInosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenusInocybe. Persoonia Suppl. 3: 1 - 247." year="1986">Kuyper (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913" author="Larsson, E" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="86 - 98" refId="B31" refString="Larsson, E, Ryberg, M, Moreau, PA, Mathiesen, AD, Jacobsson, S, 2009. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data. Persoonia 23: 86 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913" title="Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913" volume="23" year="2009">Larsson et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Kuyper, TW" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Kuyper, TW, 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybein Europe. I.SubgenusInosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenusInocybe. Persoonia Suppl.3: 1-247." title="A revision of the genus Inocybein Europe. I. SubgenusInosperma and the smooth-spored species of subgenusInocybe. Persoonia Suppl. 3: 1 - 247." year="1986">Kuyper (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913" author="Larsson, E" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="86 - 98" refId="B31" refString="Larsson, E, Ryberg, M, Moreau, PA, Mathiesen, AD, Jacobsson, S, 2009. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data. Persoonia 23: 86 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913" title="Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913" volume="23" year="2009">Larsson et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>