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<document id="600241D3740CFCE34281C5C67432324C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7078" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4964.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09c56e41-a1c0-48e0-acba-543a259ad939" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4709284" ID-ZooBank="F47CFAFA-8C8E-4728-A52E-5B2EDAF8A05B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619081401208" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Solis, M. Alma &amp; Monro, Alexandre K." docDate="2021" docId="2C23878C8320FFA2FF69FF2DFBE0F87F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4964.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4964 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Manitischeria Diskus &amp; Stonis 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A9956778-8F3A-40C3-905B-D9291FF81237" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="D01AFFF48322FFA0FFFEFFF2FFC0FF8D" masterDocTitle="Diagnostics of Manitisheria gen. nov., an Old-World genus of leaf-mining Tischeriidae, composed of new species and species formerly in Tischeria Zeller" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1698937369571" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6A573E3FDD35AE1E19C27AA5837FD556">Diagnostics of Manitisheria gen. nov., an Old-World genus of leaf-mining Tischeriidae, composed of new species and species formerly in Tischeria Zeller</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="77F683687924F978041B054B65B63440">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67D7C02B123F7EDE387ED128DDC77D16">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B7A5DEC4B508CE35F3F7D1C416668F7">Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT- 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania. &amp; diskus. biotaxonomy @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0106 - 5546</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="121B0D1231CE17D072ACA8C41CA6C549">Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3DBA321427AD5758456B2AA84F6B3672">Monro, Alexandre K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2DADE17149DEEEC952E2B7095C0E9720">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, London, United Kingdom. &amp; a. monro @ kew. org; https: // orcid. org // 0000 - 0003 - 4013 - 3804</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF69FF2DFE81FF77" bold="true" box="[151,321,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Manitischeria</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
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,
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<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF69FED5FE96FECC" blockId="2.[151,950,223,321]" box="[151,342,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
(
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FF61FED5FED9FECC" box="[159,281,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURES 412" captionStart-4="FIGURES 1318" captionStart-5="FIGURES 1924" captionStart-6="FIGURES 2532" captionStart-7="FIGURES 3336" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-5="15.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-6="16.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-7="17.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1434,181,1911]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetBox-3="[168,1417,203,1879]" captionTargetBox-4="[168,1419,210,1858]" captionTargetBox-5="[172,1399,196,1884]" captionTargetBox-6="[162,1417,191,1877]" captionTargetBox-7="[182,1404,204,1816]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@3.[154,1434,181,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@4.[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@13.[154,1434,181,1899]" captionTargetId-4="figure-28@14.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetId-5="figure-19@15.[152,1435,181,1896]" captionTargetId-6="figure-28@16.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetId-7="figure-19@17.[168,1420,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionTargetPageId-6="16" captionTargetPageId-7="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the valva (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales) *—newly designated lectotype of Manitischeria ptarmica (Meyrick), a type species of the genus" captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the phallus (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales)" captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the tegumen and vinculum (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales)" captionText-3="FIGURES 412. Bionomics of Manitischeria spp. 49, M. ptarmica (Meyrick), leaf mines on host plant Zizyphus sp. (the first documentation), Laos (new distribution data); 1012, M. symbolica sp. nov., leaf mines and unidentified host plant (expected to be Malvaceae), Vietnam" captionText-4="FIGURES 1318. Bionomics of Manitischeria brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 13, habitat, elevation 40 m, Siem Reap, Cambodia; 14, unidentified host plant of Helicteroideae Meisn., Malvaceae; 1518, leaf mines" captionText-5="FIGURES 1924. Bionomics of Manitischeria baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 19, host plant Helicteres sp., Helicteroideae Meisn., Malvaceae; 2024, leaf mines" captionText-6="FIGURES 2532.Adults of Manitischeria spp. 25, M. unca (Diškus &amp; Stonis), paratype; 26, M. tyrocnistis (Meyrick), lectotype (first documentation); 27, M. puplesisi (Kozlov), holotype (first documentation); 28, M. armata (Diškus &amp; Stonis), holotype; 2932, M. brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype" captionText-7="FIGURES 3336. Adults of Manitischeria spp. 33, 34, M. ptarmica (Meyrick), Laos (new distribution data); 35, M. baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., Laos, holotype; 36, M. symbolica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., Vietnam, holotype" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709288" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709292" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709296" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709300" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709304" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709308" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709312" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709314" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4709288/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4709292/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4709296/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4709300/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4709304/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4709308/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4709312/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4709314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Figs. 136</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FEDBFED5FE8EFECC" box="[293,334,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 111" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[158,1419,350,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[150,1430,342,1704]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 111. Currently known distribution of Manitischeria species (map base, courtesy of T. Patterson, USA; modified). 1, Manitischeria ptarmica (Meyrick); 2, Manitischeria zestica (Meyrick); 3,Manitischeria tyrocnistis (Meyrick); 4, Manitischeria relictana (Ermolaev); 5, Manitischeria puplesisi (Kozlov); 6, Manitischeria omani (Puplesis &amp; Diškus); 7, Manitischeria antilope (Puplesis, Diškus &amp; Mey); 8, Manitischeria sparmanniae (Puplesis &amp; Diškus); 9, Manitischeria martinkrugeri (Puplesis &amp; Diškus); 10, Manitischeria selindica Stonis &amp; Diškus, sp. nov.; 11, Manitischeria kuehnei (Mey); 12, Manitischeria unca (Diškus &amp; Stonis); 13, Manitischeria kumatai (Sato, Kobayashi &amp; Hirowatari); 14, Manitischeria armata (Stonis, Diškus &amp; Mey); 15, Manitischeria brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 16, Manitischeria symbolica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 17, Manitischeria baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 18, Manitischeria namibienis Stonis &amp; Diškus, sp. nov. *—This record is solely based on the leaf mines discovered in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. (see Discussion)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">111</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF69FE94FEE3FEF3" bold="true" box="[151,291,358,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<typeStatus id="7B3188388320FFA2FF69FE94FF0CFEF3" box="[151,204,358,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FED4FE94FD09FEF3" ID-CoL="BHVNW" authority="(Meyrick, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[298,713,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ptarmica">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FED4FE94FDD9FEF3" box="[298,537,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Manitischeria ptarmica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C01B4B6B8320FFA2FDD9FE94FD02FEF3" author="Meyrick, E." box="[551,706,358,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" pagination="395 - 400" refId="ref12417" refString="Meyrick, E. (1908) New Microlepidoptera from India and Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 2 (4), 395 - 400." type="journal article" year="1908">Meyrick, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC9065118320FFA2FF69FE55FC24FDDF" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF69FE55FC24FDDF" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF69FE55FED2FE4C" bold="true" box="[151,274,423,449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
External characters and wing venation characters are not informative or are insufficient for generic differentiation in most cases of
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FE26FE39FDA4FE68" authorityName="Spuler" authorityYear="1898" box="[472,612,459,485]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
, including this new genus. In the male genitalia, species of the new genus are characterized by the presence of a long, lateral process of valva, an elaborate tegumen with thickened margins, a phallus with lateral extensions basally, and the elaborate or twisted joint of the tegumen with the vinculum; in the female genitalia the genus is characterized by a strongly developed antrum.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39FDA9FBDDFB8C" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39FDA9FE91FDF8" bold="true" box="[199,337,603,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FE9EFDA9FE64FDF8" box="[352,420,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Adult.</emphasis>
Following the terminology provided by
<bibRefCitation id="C01B4B6B8320FFA2FC92FDA9FBF3FDF8" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Remeikis, A. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Baryshnikova, S. &amp; Solis, M. A." box="[876,1075,603,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" pagination="269 - 289" refId="ref13484" refString="Stonis, J. R., Remeikis, A., Diskus, A., Baryshnikova, S. &amp; Solis, M. A. (2021) What are the smallest moths (Lepidoptera) in the world? Zootaxa, 4942 (2), 269 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4942.2.8" type="journal article" year="2021">
Stonis
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FC47FDAEFC31FDF8" box="[953,1009,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
, most species are medium small with a wingspan of
<quantity id="63729B7F8320FFA2FE8DFD8DFE3CFD17" box="[371,508,639,666]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="7.2" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="6.1">6.18.3 mm</quantity>
, although one third of the species are small moths with a wingspan of 5.06.0 mm. The only exception is
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FE72FD56FDD6FD30" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[396,534,676,701]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ptarmica">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FE72FD56FDD6FD30" box="[396,534,676,701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">M. ptarmica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which belongs to the category of very small moths, with some specimens recorded as small as
<quantity id="63729B7F8320FFA2FEC2FD35FE53FD6F" box="[316,403,711,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
in wingspan (
<bibRefCitation id="C01B4B6B8320FFA2FDCDFD35FCC6FD6C" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Remeikis, A. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Baryshnikova, S. &amp; Solis, M. A." box="[563,774,711,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" pagination="269 - 289" refId="ref13484" refString="Stonis, J. R., Remeikis, A., Diskus, A., Baryshnikova, S. &amp; Solis, M. A. (2021) What are the smallest moths (Lepidoptera) in the world? Zootaxa, 4942 (2), 269 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4942.2.8" type="journal article" year="2021">
Stonis
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FD7CFD3AFD74FD6C" box="[642,692,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">et al</emphasis>
., 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Head: frons smoothly scaled; frontal tuft overlapping the frons, comprised of long, slender, or relatively wide lamellar scales; collar comprised of slender or relatively wide lamellar scales; pecten present; antenna almost always slightly longer or significantly longer than one half the length of forewing. Forewing without a distinctive pattern, from yellowish ochre to pale grey, irregularly speckled with some darker scales, more abundantly in apical half of the forewing (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC61FCA5FBEAFCFF" box="[927,1066,855,882]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2532" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3336" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,264,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1417,191,1877]" captionTargetBox-1="[182,1404,204,1816]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@16.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@17.[168,1420,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 2532.Adults of Manitischeria spp. 25, M. unca (Diškus &amp; Stonis), paratype; 26, M. tyrocnistis (Meyrick), lectotype (first documentation); 27, M. puplesisi (Kozlov), holotype (first documentation); 28, M. armata (Diškus &amp; Stonis), holotype; 2932, M. brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype" captionText-1="FIGURES 3336. Adults of Manitischeria spp. 33, 34, M. ptarmica (Meyrick), Laos (new distribution data); 35, M. baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., Laos, holotype; 36, M. symbolica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., Vietnam, holotype" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709312" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709314" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4709312/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4709314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Figs. 2536</figureCitation>
); only occasionally the forewing is entirely dark, covered with dark brown scales; fringe line present, sometimes indistinctive, occasionally absent. Hindwing slender, brown-grey or pale brownish or ochreous cream, usually without androconia, but one species,
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FA80FC52FECBFC50" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tyrocnistis">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FA80FC52FECBFC50" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">M. tyrocnistis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses dark brown androconial scales on apex of the generally pale hindwing of the males. Abdomen usually with distinctive long, or very long, anal tufts of piliform scales (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC42FC15FBD0FB8C" box="[956,1040,999,1025]" captionStart="FIGURES 2532" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[162,1417,191,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-28@16.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 2532.Adults of Manitischeria spp. 25, M. unca (Diškus &amp; Stonis), paratype; 26, M. tyrocnistis (Meyrick), lectotype (first documentation); 27, M. puplesisi (Kozlov), holotype (first documentation); 28, M. armata (Diškus &amp; Stonis), holotype; 2932, M. brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709312/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39FBF9FDE2FAC8" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39FBF9FEAAFBA8" box="[199,362,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Male genitalia</emphasis>
. Capsule longer or much longer than wide. Uncus with two large long, or very long, lateral lobes, occasionally lobes are relatively shorter and wider. Socii membranous. Tegumen with a frame-like thickening (see
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FF69FBA1FF1CFBE0" box="[151,220,1107,1133]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the tegumen and vinculum (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Valva slender or relatively wide basally, but almost always wider apically than basally, with a distinctive, usually long lateral process (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FE22FB85FDDFFB1C" box="[476,543,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1434,181,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the valva (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales) *—newly designated lectotype of Manitischeria ptarmica (Meyrick), a type species of the genus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709288/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); transtilla absent. Juxta present, strongly developed (usually much longer and wider than phallus) as a set of various large, horn-like processes (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC8EFB69FC0EFB38" box="[880,974,1179,1205]" captionStart="FIGURES 4654" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[190,1387,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-28@20.[178,1409,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 4654. Genitalia of Manitischeria spp.; 46, M. tyrocnistis, lectotype, slide no. 28658 (NHMUK), male genitalia (first documentation), capsule with phallus removed; 47, same, phallus; 48, same, non-type specimen, India, slide no. 28660 (NHMUK); 49, same, juxta, lectotype, slide no. 28658 (NHMUK); 50, same, right part of juxta, non-type specimen, India, slide no. 28660 (NHMUK); 51, same, paralectotype, female genitalia (first documentation), slide no. 28659 (NHMUK); 52, 53, M. unca, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD577 (ZIN); 54, M. armata, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD888 (TMSA)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709326/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC26FB69FC36FB38" box="[984,1014,1179,1205]" captionStart="FIGURES 5862" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[169,1422,200,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-28@22.[154,1434,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 5862. Male genitalia of Manitischeria puplesisi (Kozlov); 58, 59, holotype (first photographic documentation), slide no. 13837 (ZIN); 60, non-type specimen, slide no. AD1024 (ZIN), valvae; 61, 62, same, phallus and juxta" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">62</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FBFCFB6EFBE2FB3B" box="[1026,1058,1180,1206]" captionStart="FIGURES 7477" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[169,1421,199,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[154,1434,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 7477. Male genitalia of Manitischeria brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 74, holotype, slide no. AD895 (ZIN), general view, focused on valvae and phallus; 75, same, focused on uncus, juxta, and phallus; 76, same, tegumen; 77, same, juxta" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">77</figureCitation>
); except in
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FB5CFB6EFA99FB38" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1186,1369,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sparmanniae">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FB5CFB6EFA99FB38" box="[1186,1369,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">M. sparmanniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hornlike processes are small and main body of juxta is almost rounded (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC84FB4DFC0DFB54" box="[890,973,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURES 6973" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[196,1407,186,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-28@24.[161,1427,181,1900]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 6973. Male genitalia of Manitischeria sparmanniae (Puplesis &amp; Diškus) (first photographic documentation); 69, paratype, slide no. AD0433 (ZIN), ventral view, focused on uncus, tegumen and phallus; 70, same, focused on juxta and vinculum; 71, paratype, slide no. AD1023 (ZIN), lateral view; 72, same, phallus; 73, paratype, slide no. AD0433 (ZIN), juxta" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
). Anellus absent. Vinculum usually small, sometimes relatively large, with a basically triangular but variously modified ventral lobe. The joint of vinculum with tegumen is usually elaborate or twisted (see
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FD3BFAF5FCC9FAAC" box="[709,777,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[154,1434,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the tegumen and vinculum (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709296/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Phallus short, slender, rod-like, basally with strongly developed lateral projections (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FE2EFAD9FDD1FAC8" box="[464,529,1323,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1434,181,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostics of Tischeria Zeller and Manitischeria Diškus &amp; Stonis, gen. nov. based on characters of the valva (Note: morphological structures are drawn to different scales) *—newly designated lectotype of Manitischeria ptarmica (Meyrick), a type species of the genus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709288/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39FABDFA9FF9CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39FABDFE49FAE4" box="[199,393,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Female genitalia</emphasis>
. In comparison to other
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FD57FABDFCF5FAE4" authorityName="Spuler" authorityYear="1898" box="[681,821,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
, ovipositor lobes usually small, occasionally medium large, rounded, with peg-like setae; second pair of ovipositor lobes usually two times smaller. Anterior apophyses usually only slightly shorter than posterior apophyses; prela usually with three pairs of rod-like projections. Antrum strongly developed, long, distinctly thickened, and occasionally elaborate laterally (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FBC9FA49FB57FA5B" box="[1079,1175,1467,1494]" captionStart="FIGURES 105108" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,206,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 105108. Manitischeria spp. 105, M. baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., female genitalia, ovipositor lobes, apophyses, prela, and antrum, paratype, slide no. AD1014 (ZIN); 106, same, general view; 107, M. selindica Stonis &amp; Diškus, sp. nov., female adult, holotype (TMSA); 108, same, female genitalia, slide no. Diškus 0219 (TMSA)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709355/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
), sometimes also medially thickened (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FEB9FA2DFE5DFA77" box="[327,413,1503,1530]" captionStart="FIGURES 5557" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[171,1434,189,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-19@21.[154,1434,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5557. Female genitalia of Manitischeria unca (Diškus &amp; Stonis); 55, general view, paratype, slide no. AD585 (ZIN); 56, ovipositor lobes, apophyses, prella, and antrum, paratype, slide no. AD586 (ZIN); 57, same, paratype, slide no. AD584 (ZIN)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
). Corpus bursae usually wide and short; pectinations indistinctive or as small and slender, weakly chitinized spines. Ductus spermathecae inconspicuous, with a small, plate-like vesicle and very little coils (maximum
<quantity id="63729B7F8320FFA2FEE7F9D5FEB5F9CC" box="[281,373,1575,1602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.525" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" unit="in" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.54 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FE82F9DAFCB3F9CF" authority="(Sato, Kobayashi &amp; Hirowatari))" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Sato, Kobayashi &amp; Hirowatari" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[380,883,1575,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumatai">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FE82F9DAFE3BF9CC" box="[380,507,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">M. kumatai</emphasis>
(Sato, Kobayashi &amp; Hirowatari))
</taxonomicName>
or without obvious coils, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FB30F9DAFA98F9CC" authorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Stonis &amp; Diškus &amp; Solis &amp; Monro" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1230,1368,1576,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ptarmica">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FB30F9DAFA98F9CC" box="[1230,1368,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">M. ptarmica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39F9B9FBC0F978" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39F9B9FE83F9E8" bold="true" box="[199,323,1611,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Bionomics</emphasis>
. Host plants are mostly
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FDA4F9B9FD13F9E8" box="[602,723,1611,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
(seven
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FCD3F9B9FBE7F9EB" box="[813,1063,1611,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FCD3F9B9FC0AF9E8" box="[813,970,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Manitischeria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
), also
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FB8FF9B9FAC0F9E8" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1137,1280,1611,1637]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhamnaceae</taxonomicName>
(one species) and
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FF36F99DFE83F904" authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" box="[200,323,1647,1673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
(one species). Host-plant relationships of the remaining nine
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FBFDF99DFB3AF904" box="[1027,1274,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Manitischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FBFDF99DFB60F904" box="[1027,1184,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Manitischeria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are unknown. Larvae mine leaves and produce blotch-like leaf mines (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FCFBF961FCA1F920" box="[773,865,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 412" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,203,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[154,1434,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 412. Bionomics of Manitischeria spp. 49, M. ptarmica (Meyrick), leaf mines on host plant Zizyphus sp. (the first documentation), Laos (new distribution data); 1012, M. symbolica sp. nov., leaf mines and unidentified host plant (expected to be Malvaceae), Vietnam" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709300/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC92F961FC76F920" box="[876,950,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 1924" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[172,1399,196,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[152,1435,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 1924. Bionomics of Manitischeria baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 19, host plant Helicteres sp., Helicteroideae Meisn., Malvaceae; 2024, leaf mines" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">2124</figureCitation>
); occasionally, being very slender and elongated, the leaf mine may look like a gallery (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FD74F945FCD3F95F" box="[650,787,1719,1746]" captionStart="FIGURES 1318" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,210,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[154,1434,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 1318. Bionomics of Manitischeria brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 13, habitat, elevation 40 m, Siem Reap, Cambodia; 14, unidentified host plant of Helicteroideae Meisn., Malvaceae; 1518, leaf mines" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709304/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Figs. 1518</figureCitation>
). Leaf mines are close to the leaf margin and mining larva bends or rolls a margin of the mined leaf before pupation (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FCDBF929FC5EF97B" box="[805,926,1755,1782]" captionStart="FIGURES 412" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,203,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[154,1434,181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 412. Bionomics of Manitischeria spp. 49, M. ptarmica (Meyrick), leaf mines on host plant Zizyphus sp. (the first documentation), Laos (new distribution data); 1012, M. symbolica sp. nov., leaf mines and unidentified host plant (expected to be Malvaceae), Vietnam" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709300/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Figs. 511</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FC57F929FC33F978" box="[937,1011,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURES 1924" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[172,1399,196,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[152,1435,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 1924. Bionomics of Manitischeria baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 19, host plant Helicteres sp., Helicteroideae Meisn., Malvaceae; 2024, leaf mines" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">20, 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC9065118320FFA2FF39F90DFECCF8B0" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39F90DFECCF8B0" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39F90DFEA1F894" bold="true" box="[199,353,1791,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known from East, South East and South West Asia, and equatorial and southern Africa (
<figureCitation id="3CB12A1F8320FFA2FF5EF8D1FEC0F8B0" box="[160,256,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 111" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[158,1419,350,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-96@33.[150,1430,342,1704]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 111. Currently known distribution of Manitischeria species (map base, courtesy of T. Patterson, USA; modified). 1, Manitischeria ptarmica (Meyrick); 2, Manitischeria zestica (Meyrick); 3,Manitischeria tyrocnistis (Meyrick); 4, Manitischeria relictana (Ermolaev); 5, Manitischeria puplesisi (Kozlov); 6, Manitischeria omani (Puplesis &amp; Diškus); 7, Manitischeria antilope (Puplesis, Diškus &amp; Mey); 8, Manitischeria sparmanniae (Puplesis &amp; Diškus); 9, Manitischeria martinkrugeri (Puplesis &amp; Diškus); 10, Manitischeria selindica Stonis &amp; Diškus, sp. nov.; 11, Manitischeria kuehnei (Mey); 12, Manitischeria unca (Diškus &amp; Stonis); 13, Manitischeria kumatai (Sato, Kobayashi &amp; Hirowatari); 14, Manitischeria armata (Stonis, Diškus &amp; Mey); 15, Manitischeria brachiata Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 16, Manitischeria symbolica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 17, Manitischeria baryshnikovae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov.; 18, Manitischeria namibienis Stonis &amp; Diškus, sp. nov. *—This record is solely based on the leaf mines discovered in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. (see Discussion)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC9065118320FFA2FF39F8B5FED8F824" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39F8B5FED8F824" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39F8B5FE8EF8EC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1863,1889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Etymology.</emphasis>
The genus name is derived from the combination of the Latin
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FBD1F8BAFBB8F8EC" box="[1071,1144,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">manus</emphasis>
(an arm) referring to the long, arm-like process of the valva in the male genitalia and
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FCB1F899FC7EF808" box="[847,958,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FCB1F899FC7AF808" box="[847,954,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Tischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tischeria</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the genus from which the new taxon was transferred.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC9065118320FFA2FF39F841FBE0F87F" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A435369A8320FFA2FF39F841FBE0F87F" blockId="2.[151,1437,423,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FF39F841FEFBF840" bold="true" box="[199,315,1971,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</emphasis>
Unpublished molecular data provides strong support for this new genus; it will be published separately with a molecular analysis of all
<taxonomicName id="638A4D198320FFA2FDBDF825FD0CF87C" authorityName="Spuler" authorityYear="1898" box="[579,716,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tischeriidae</taxonomicName>
genera (Stonis
<emphasis id="96FEEA888320FFA2FC85F82AFBC9F87C" box="[891,1033,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="253">et al. in prep</emphasis>
.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>