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<mods:title id="B7629F35B0DC158DED9DEFE218B00673">The identity of the Sarawak freshwater crab Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, with description of a new species, Parathelphusa nobilii, from Western Kalimantan, Indonesia, Borneo (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E76345D4B3616" ID-CoL="4DFB8" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,575,1052,1078]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E76345EDD3615" bold="true" box="[151,425,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE0976355D4B3616" author="Nobili" box="[432,575,1053,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF832317FF2676695F9C367A" box="[159,232,1089,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 2A, C, E, 3A, C, E, G, I, 4A–E, 5)
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E76A25F8636BF" box="[151,242,1162,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FEBC76A15EEE36BF" box="[261,410,1161,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE1476A15D5736BF" box="[429,547,1161,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">tridentatum</emphasis>
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var. 
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— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FD6976A15CB636BF" author="Lanchester" box="[720,962,1161,1183]" page="255" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FD6976A15CF836BF" author="Lanchester" box="[720,908,1161,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Lanchester, W. F. (1900 b) On some Malacostracous Crustaceans from Malaysia in the collection of the Sarawak Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (33), 249 - 265, pl. 12. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678375" type="journal article" year="1900" yearSuffix="b">Lanchester 1900b</bibRefCitation>
: 255
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, pl. 12 fig. 2.—Hanitsch 1900: 9 (part) (not 
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF7E76815E56369E" box="[199,290,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
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) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE6C76805D3F369E" box="[469,587,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">tridentatum</emphasis>
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var. 
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<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FD6476805CEE369E" author="Lanchester" box="[733,922,1192,1214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Lanchester, W. F. (1900 a) On a collection of crustaceans made at Singapore and Malacca. Part I. Crustacea Brachyura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900 (3), 719 - 770, pls. 44 - 47." type="journal article" year="1900" yearSuffix="a">Lanchester, 1900a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E76EE5DFB36FC" ID-CoL="4DFB8" authority="Nobili, 1901: 9" authorityName="Nobili" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,655,1222,1245]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E76EE5E9936FD" box="[151,493,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa maculata oxygona</emphasis>
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: 9
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E76CE5D7036DB" box="[151,516,1253,1275]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygonus" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E76CE5F8636DB" box="[151,242,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FEB876CD5EE236DB" box="[257,406,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE1C76CE5D7036DB" box="[421,516,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">oxygonus</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FDA776CD5DAB36DB" author="Rathbun" box="[542,735,1253,1275]" page="239" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FDA776CD5DC436DB" author="Rathbun" box="[542,688,1253,1275]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
(part).
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<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E772C5A74373A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1161,1520]" box="[151,1280,1284,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E772C5D48373A" ID-CoL="763QC" box="[151,572,1284,1306]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E772C5E58373A" box="[151,300,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE82772C5EA4373A" box="[315,464,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE67772C5D48373A" box="[478,572,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FDEE772C5D83373A" author="Colosi" box="[599,759,1284,1306]" page="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FDEE772C5DA0373A" author="Colosi" box="[599,724,1284,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Colosi, G. (1920) I Potamonidi del R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 35 (734), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1920">Colosi 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 23
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(part) (not 
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FCD5772C5B2C373A" box="[876,1112,1284,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Paratelphusa maculata</emphasis>
De 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FB3A772D5B81373A" author="Man" box="[1155,1269,1284,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Man, J. G. De (1879) On some new or imperfectly known Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1 (2), 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1879">Man, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="83BAC95EFF832317FF2E770A5C683718" box="[151,796,1314,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E770A5D523718" box="[151,550,1314,1336]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E770A5E583718" box="[151,300,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE82770A5EA43718" box="[315,464,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE67770B5D523718" box="[478,550,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FDF9770B5DA23718" author="Bott" box="[576,726,1314,1336]" page="118" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FDF9770B5DD33718" author="Bott" box="[576,679,1314,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338, figs. 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 58, map 1." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 118
</treatmentCitation>
(part).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E77695C543777" blockId="2.[151,1436,1161,1520]" box="[151,800,1345,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83BAC95EFF832317FF2E77695C543777" box="[151,800,1345,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E77695D593777" box="[151,557,1345,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus" subGenus="Paratelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E77695E6B3777" box="[151,287,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Paratelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE9777695EC23777" box="[302,438,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Paratelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE7C77695D593777" box="[453,557,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">maculatus</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FDFF776A5DAE3777" author="Yang" box="[582,730,1345,1367]" page="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FDFF776A5DCC3777" author="Yang" box="[582,696,1345,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Yang, C. M. (1979) A list of Brachyura in the Zoological Reference Collection of the Department of Zoology. Department of Zoology, University of Singapore, 60 pp. [mimeographed]" type="book" year="1979">Yang 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 16
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(part).
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<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E77495D393756" blockId="2.[151,1436,1161,1520]" box="[151,589,1376,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83BAC95EFF832317FF2E77495D393756" box="[151,589,1376,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E77495EC73756" box="[151,435,1376,1398]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E77495EC73756" box="[151,435,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon maculata oxygona</emphasis>
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— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FE7577485D3D3756" author="Leh" box="[460,585,1376,1398]" page="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE7577485D443756" author="Leh" box="[460,560,1376,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Leh, C. M. U. (1982) A Checklist of Crustaceans in the Sarawak Museum Spirit Collection. Natural History Section, Sarawak Museum, Kuching, pp. 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1982">Leh 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E77565DF237B4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1161,1520]" box="[151,646,1406,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83BAC95EFF832317FF2E77565DF237B4" box="[151,646,1406,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E77565E9937B5" ID-CoL="4DFB8" box="[151,493,1406,1429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E77565E9937B5" box="[151,493,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa maculata oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FDBF77565DF637B4" author="Leh" box="[518,642,1406,1428]" page="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FDBF77565D1E37B4" author="Leh" box="[518,618,1406,1428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Leh, C. M. U. (1982) A Checklist of Crustaceans in the Sarawak Museum Spirit Collection. Natural History Section, Sarawak Museum, Kuching, pp. 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1982">Leh 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E77B55D6937D0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1161,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83BAC95EFF832317FF2E77B55D6937D0" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E77B55EFD3793" ID-CoL="4DFB8" box="[151,393,1437,1459]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E77B55EFD3793" box="[151,393,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Ng &amp; 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FE5D77B55D093793" author="Goh" box="[484,637,1437,1459]" page="317" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE5D77B55D383793" author="Goh" box="[484,588,1437,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Goh, R. (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4), 313 - 330, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1987">Goh 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 317
</treatmentCitation>
(part).—Ng 1988: 96; 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FCD277B65C833793" author="Ng" box="[875,1015,1437,1459]" page="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FCD277B65CA73793" author="Ng" box="[875,979,1437,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">Ng 1990a</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FBAF77B55BC43793" author="Ng" box="[1046,1200,1437,1459]" page="245" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FBAF77B55B0B3793" author="Ng" box="[1046,1151,1437,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">Ng 1990b</bibRefCitation>
: 245
</treatmentCitation>
.—Ng 1993: 191.— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FAC377B55E4537F2" author="Ng" page="330" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FAC377B55F8937F2" author="Ng" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 330
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 13C.— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FE0977945DCD37F2" author="Ng" box="[432,697,1468,1490]" page="315" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE0977945DF337F2" author="Ng" box="[432,647,1468,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinang 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 315
</treatmentCitation>
(part).—Ng &amp; 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FCE477955C8637F2" author="Yeo" box="[861,1010,1468,1490]" page="113" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FCE477955CB737F2" author="Yeo" box="[861,963,1468,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Yeo, D. C. J. (2007) Malaysian freshwater crabs: conservation prospects and challenges. In: Chua, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Seminar on the Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia &amp; Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia, 28 - 30 June 2005, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 95 - 120." type="journal article" year="2007">Yeo 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 113
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FBA977945A6037F2" author="Cumberlidge" box="[1040,1300,1468,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Cumberlidge, N., Ng, P. K. L., Yeo, D. C. J., Magalhaes, C., Campos, M. R., Alvarez, F., Naruse, T., Daniels, S. R., L. J., Esser, Attipoe, F. Y. K., Clotilde-Ba, F. - L., Darwall, W., Mcivor, A., Collen, B. &amp; Ram, M. (2009) Freshwater crabs and the biodiversity crisis: importance, threats, status, and conservation challenges. Biological Conservation, 142 (8), 1665 - 1673. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2009.02.038" type="journal article" year="2009">
Cumberlidge 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FB1877955BA237F2" box="[1185,1238,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: unpaginated appendix.— 
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF832317FEFD77F25D6D37D0" author="Klaus" box="[324,537,1498,1520]" page="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FEFD77F25E8737D0" author="Klaus" box="[324,499,1498,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Klaus, S., Selvandran, S., Goh, J. W., Wowor, D., Brandis, D., Koller, P., Schubart, C. D., Streit, B., Meier, R., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Yeo, D. C. J. (2013) Out of Borneo - Neogene diversification of Sundaic freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae: Parathelphusa). Journal of Biogeography, 40, 63 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02771. x" type="journal article" year="2013">
Klaus 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE3D77F35ECC37D0" box="[388,440,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 68
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF832316FF2E74355AF530D0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832316FF2E74355AF530D0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1565,2022]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E74355E0F3416" bold="true" box="[151,379,1565,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF832317FE3274365E8F3416" box="[395,507,1566,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated)—1 crushed specimen (
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FC6D74365B603416" box="[980,1044,1566,1590]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0ffb-hhk1" name="Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">MUT</collectionCode>
Cr 1211 Ex 1347), Sadong River, 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF832317FF2E74695F8E347A" box="[151,250,1601,1626]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, don. R. Shelford, 1900 (det. as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDC774695B23347A" box="[638,1111,1601,1626]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDC774695C57347A" box="[638,803,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FC8E74695CA8347A" box="[823,988,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FC5674695B23347A" box="[1007,1111,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FB3374695A6D347A" author="Colosi" box="[1162,1305,1601,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Colosi, G. (1920) I Potamonidi del R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 35 (734), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1920">Colosi 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Others: 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FA37746A5FAC345E" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(larger 32.2× 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FECF744E5E95345E" box="[374,481,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="24.9">24.9 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FE4E744E5D12345E" box="[503,614,1637,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FDCE744E5DDB345E" box="[631,687,1638,1662]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1986.7512–7515), 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FC29744E5C95345E" box="[912,993,1637,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FC56744E5B27345E" box="[1007,1107,1637,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FBDD744E5BD2345E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15826" box="[1124,1190,1638,1662]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15826" name="Environmental Protection Agency" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">MBA</collectionCode>
981c), Sadong River (det. as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF4974A15D263482" box="[240,594,1673,1698]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Palawanthelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF4974A15D263482" box="[240,594,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Palawanthelphusa pulcherrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by R. Bott), ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FCB474A15C283482" box="[781,860,1673,1698]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="1.9166667">1°55'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FCDA74A25CB83482" box="[867,972,1674,1698]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="113.13333">113°08'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. 1901; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FBE174A25BD03482" box="[1112,1188,1673,1698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(34.0×30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115); 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FEF174865EDD34E6" box="[328,425,1709,1734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(SM Cru 1986.78), Simunjan, Upper Sadong, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FC0C74865B7134E6" box="[949,1029,1710,1734]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="1.3666667">1°22'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FBA874865B0F34E6" box="[1041,1147,1710,1734]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="110.73333">110°44'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. Loong Tak, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF832317FAFC74865FA634CA" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1901-06-18">18 June 1901</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FF6474FA5E4734CA" box="[221,307,1745,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(42.0× 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FE3A74FA5E9E34C9" box="[387,490,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="33.4">33.4 mm</quantity>
, 41.9×32.0 mm), 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FD1674FA5C6434CA" box="[687,784,1745,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(43.0× 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FCD974F95CB234CA" box="[864,966,1745,1770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.26" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="32.6">32.6 mm</quantity>
) (SM Cru 1986.5–7), Bidi (= Bau Caves), 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FF2E74DE5F93352E" box="[151,231,1782,1806]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="1.3833333">1°23'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FF4C74DD5E24352E" box="[245,336,1781,1806]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="925" value="110.1">110°6'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. C.J. Brooks, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF832317FD9474DE5DD0352E" box="[557,676,1782,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1903-06">June 1903</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FD0B74DD5C7E352E" box="[690,778,1781,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
(largest 32.2× 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FC1674DE5B6C352D" box="[943,1048,1782,1806]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="24.9">24.9 mm</quantity>
, 31.4× 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FBDF74DE5BA4352E" box="[1126,1232,1782,1806]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="24.8">24.8 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FB5C74DE5A27352E" box="[1253,1363,1781,1806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FADD74DE5AE8352E" box="[1380,1436,1782,1806]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1989.2248, 
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FE9875325E233512" box="[289,343,1818,1842]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1989.2239-2246), lowland stream, base of Gunong Serapi (Gunong Matang), near Kuching, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FF2E75165F8E3576" box="[151,250,1854,1878]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="1.5550001">1°33.3'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FEBA75165EF53576" box="[259,385,1854,1878]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="110.215">110°12.9'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. P.K.L. Ng &amp; M. Nimbon, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF832317FD4D75165CC73576" box="[756,947,1853,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1986-01-29">29 January 1986</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FC7975165B573576" box="[960,1059,1853,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FB8A75165B1F3576" box="[1075,1131,1854,1878]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1989.3401), Sungei Rayu, Kuala Sendok, Matang, relatively fast flowing water, about 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FCF9754A5CF23559" box="[832,902,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
deep, ca. 
<quantity id="64524395FF832317FC42754A5B58355A" box="[1019,1068,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="30.0">30m</quantity>
asl, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FBDA75495BB3355A" box="[1123,1223,1889,1914]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="1.6133333">1°36.8'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FB76754A5A4B355A" box="[1231,1343,1890,1914]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="110.15667">110°9.4'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. S. Yussof, 1988; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FE8575AE5EE035BE" box="[316,404,1925,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
(largest 36.6×28.0 mm), 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FD0175AD5C5235BE" box="[696,806,1925,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FC8E75AE5C1B35BE" box="[823,879,1926,1950]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1992.10546–10557), Serian, near Kuching, coll. P.K.L. Ng, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF832317FEAD75815EF135E2" box="[276,389,1961,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1992-07">July 1992</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FE2975825E8835E2" box="[400,508,1961,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FDB375825D3635E2" box="[522,578,1962,1986]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1942), 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FD6E75815C4F35E2" box="[727,827,1961,1986]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="1.6">1°36.0'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FCF875825CCB35E2" box="[833,959,1962,1986]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="110.68833">110°41.3'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FBD675825BD335E2" box="[1135,1191,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF832317FB0D75825AF635E2" box="[1204,1410,1961,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1995-09-04">4 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FA3775825F9735C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF832317FF4875E65E5D35C6" box="[241,297,1998,2022]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1941), Sungai Sebiris, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FDD675E55DA735C6" box="[623,723,1997,2022]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="1.6916666">1°41.5'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF832317FD6375E65C2C35C6" box="[730,856,1998,2022]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="109.78333">109°47.0'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FBB375E65B3635C6" box="[1034,1090,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF832317FBF675E65A6B35C6" box="[1103,1311,1997,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1996-09-01">1 September 1996</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832317FA9375E65AF735C6" box="[1322,1411,1997,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF832316FA3775E65F973290" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF4A72B05E5F3290" box="[243,299,152,176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1943), Sungai Belit, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FDD872B05DD63290" box="[609,674,152,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="1.05">1°3'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD1372BF5C673290" box="[682,787,151,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="110.75">110°45'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. M. Kottelat 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FC5F72B15B543290" box="[998,1056,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FB9672B05BCD3290" box="[1071,1209,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1992-07-02">2 July 1992</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FB7F72BF5A553290" box="[1222,1313,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA9772B05AE83290" box="[1326,1436,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF2772945FA232F4" box="[158,214,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1944), Red Bridge, at Matang, near Bau, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD5572945C3B32F5" box="[748,847,188,213]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.6083333">1°36.5'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FCEF72945CA132F4" box="[854,981,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.30666">110°18.4'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FB3F72955BCA32F5" box="[1158,1214,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FB7572945AF632F5" box="[1228,1410,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1996-08-30">30 August 1996</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA3472945F9732D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF4D72C85E5832D8" box="[244,300,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1945), Lundu area, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FDE072F75DC832D8" box="[601,700,223,248]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.7766666">1°46.6'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD7C72C85C3132D8" box="[709,837,224,248]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="109.745">109°44.7'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FBB972C95B4F32D8" box="[1024,1083,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FBF272F75A6B32D8" box="[1099,1311,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-09-06">6 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA9472C85AE832D8" box="[1325,1436,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF27732C5FA2333C" box="[158,214,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1948), Bau to Lundu road, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FDF2732C5DDB333C" box="[587,687,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.4883333">1°29.3'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD0C732C5C51333C" box="[693,805,260,284]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.045">110°2.7'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FC6C732D5B79333D" box="[981,1037,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FBA2732C5B9D333D" box="[1051,1257,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-09-06">6 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FB4D732C5A21333D" box="[1268,1365,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FADD732C5AE8333C" box="[1380,1436,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1949), Bau to Lundu road, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FDB073005D193360" box="[521,621,296,320]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.65">1°39.0'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FDCD73005D863360" box="[628,754,296,320]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.683334">110°41.0'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FC1F73015CAB3360" box="[934,991,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FC5473005BC93360" box="[1005,1213,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-09-04">4 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FB73730F5A573360" box="[1226,1315,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA96730F5AE83360" box="[1327,1436,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF2773645FA23344" box="[158,214,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1950), Lundu area, Bau to Lundu road, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD6F73645C4E3344" box="[726,826,332,356]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.8016666">1°48.1'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FCF973645CB43344" box="[832,960,332,356]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="109.72833">109°43.7'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FBD673655BD33345" box="[1135,1191,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FB0D73645AF73345" box="[1204,1411,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1996-09-01">1 September 1996</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA3773645F9733A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF4873585E5D33A8" box="[241,297,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1951), Lundu area, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FDF273475DDB33A8" box="[587,687,367,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.7516667">1°45.1'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD0F73475C4133A8" box="[694,821,367,392]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="109.765">109°45.9'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FBA773595B2233A8" box="[1054,1110,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FBDD73585A4733A8" box="[1124,1331,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1996-09-01">1 September 1996</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA8673585AEC33A8" box="[1343,1432,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FF2E73BC5F8C338D" box="[151,248,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FEBF73BC5E4A338C" box="[262,318,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1952), Bau-Lundu area, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD2C73BC5D8D338C" box="[661,761,404,428]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.3816667">1°22.9'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FCB973BC5C1B338C" box="[768,879,404,428]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.11833">110°7.1'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FB9973BD5B2C338D" box="[1056,1112,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FBDC73BD5A47338D" box="[1125,1331,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-09-07">7 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FA8673BC5AEC338D" box="[1343,1432,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FF2E73905F8F33F0" box="[151,251,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FEB473905E3133F0" box="[269,325,440,464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1953), stream near Sungai Tengah, ca. 
<quantity id="64524395FF822316FCED739F5CC733F0" box="[852,947,439,464]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="12.6">12.6 km</quantity>
into turn-off towards Singal, from Bau to Lundu road, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FE9573F45EE433D5" box="[300,400,476,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.5433333">1°32.6'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FE2373F45D6C33D4" box="[410,536,476,500]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.21333">110°12.8'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FD6C73F55C6533D5" box="[725,785,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FC9873F45C8233D5" box="[801,1014,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1996-09-02">2 September 1996</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FBBC73F45B1D33D5" box="[1029,1129,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FBC373F45BC633D4" box="[1146,1202,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1996.1945), Sungai Stumm Muda, near Lundu, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FE6A70285D423038" box="[467,566,512,536]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.4816667">1°28.9'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FD8673D75DCA3038" box="[575,702,511,536]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="109.971664">109°58.3'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FCCF70295CC43038" box="[886,944,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FC7970285BE63038" box="[960,1170,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-09-02">2 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FB2670285A713038" box="[1183,1285,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FAAB70285AE83038" box="[1298,1436,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="juvenile">18 juveniles</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FF27700C5FA2301C" box="[158,214,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1998. 547), Sungai Stumm Muda, before Lundu, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FCB3700C5C1A301C" box="[778,878,548,572]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.4816667">1°28.9'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FCCF700C5C81301D" box="[886,1013,548,573]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="109.971664">109°58.3'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. students, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FB1A700C5A49301C" box="[1187,1341,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1998-06-25">25 June 1998</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FAF0700C5AEC301D" box="[1353,1432,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FF2E70605F8C3040" box="[151,248,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(39.4× 
<quantity id="64524395FF822316FEF370605EDB3040" box="[330,431,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="30.1">30.1 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FE7F70605E8A3040" box="[454,510,584,608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
2008.1327), Sungai Stumm Muda, before Lundu, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FB8E70605BEF3040" box="[1079,1179,584,608]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.4816667">1°28.9'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FB1B706F5A563040" box="[1186,1314,583,608]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="109.971664">109°58.3'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FF7070455E7630A5" box="[201,258,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FEA870445E9630A5" box="[273,482,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1995-09-06">6 September 1995</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FE5670445D4F30A5" box="[495,571,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FDF270445DF730A4" box="[587,643,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1998.548), stream, Fairy Cave, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FC4A70445B2330A4" box="[1011,1111,620,644]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.38">1°22.8'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FBE670445BBB30A5" box="[1119,1231,620,645]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.115">110°6.9'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. students, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FA3970445E793088" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1998-06-24">24 June 1998</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FEA170B85EF33088" box="[280,391,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FE2F70B85EBA3088" box="[406,462,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1998.549), stream, Fairy Cave, Bau Caves, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FC0770B85B563088" box="[958,1058,656,680]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.38">1°22.8'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FB9170A75BED3088" box="[1064,1177,655,680]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.115">110°6.9'E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. students, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FAFF70B85FA730EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1998-06-24">24 June 1998</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF822316FF66709C5E3530ED" box="[223,321,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
with 71 young (
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF822316FE45709C5D4030EC" box="[508,564,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">ZRC</collectionCode>
1999.687), Sungai Petiak, Kampung Blimbin, on road to Krokong, 
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FA81709C5AE830EC" box="[1336,1436,692,716]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="1.355">1°21.3'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C69E88B7FF822316FF2E70FF5E7330D0" box="[151,263,727,752]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" precision="92" value="110.113335">110°6.8'E</geoCoordinate>
, pH 8.5, coll. H.H. Tan 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FDAB70F15D3F30D0" box="[530,587,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="D714C8B0FF822316FDE170F05D8430D0" box="[600,752,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" value="1999-06-11">11 June 1999</date>
. All localities in western 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF822316FBB570FF5B1B30D0" box="[1036,1135,727,752]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, Borneo, East 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF822316FAAB70FF5A0830D0" box="[1298,1404,727,752]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF822316FF7E70D45A2D31CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF822316FF7E70D45A2D31CD" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FF7E70D45E4E3135" bold="true" box="[199,314,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Carapace with branchial surfaces gently convex, not appearing inflated from lateral view (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FA8C70D45AFA3134" box="[1333,1422,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, C, E" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, C, E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, lateral views of carapaces; C, D, frontal views of carapaces; E, F, right dorsal views of carapaces." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285709/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); external orbital tooth very broad, external margin very sinuous to concave, approximately separating structure into 2 parts (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FF49716C5E4D317C" box="[240,313,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 2E); postorbital cristae long, lateral parts gently curving posteriorly near base of first epibranchial tooth (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FF5A714F5E5B31A0" box="[227,303,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 2E); second epibranchial tooth separated from posterolateral margin by broad angle (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FA88714F5A0031A0" box="[1329,1396,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A); merus of ambulatory leg with distinct subdistal dorsal spine (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FCE771A45CDF3184" box="[862,939,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 3C); lateral margins of male abdominal somite 6 gently convex (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FE1471875E8431E8" box="[429,496,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G), male telson relatively shorter (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FCCC71875CCC31E8" box="[885,952,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G); G1 relatively slender, distal part gently curving away from sternoabdominal cavity; proximal outer margin with distinct indentation (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FB1371FC5A5B31CC" box="[1194,1327,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs. 4A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF822316FA8271FC5A3F31CD" box="[1339,1355,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. G 1 s" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1339,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. G 1 s, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901. A – D, male (31.4 × 24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E – H male (32.2 × 24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0 × 33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0 × 30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G 1; B, dorsal view of left G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G 1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G 1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G 1 s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G 1 s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G 1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF822312FF7E71DF5E2734F0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF822316FF7E71DF5D973454" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF822316FF7E71DF5ECE3630" bold="true" box="[199,442,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Description of male</emphasis>
. Carapace hexagonal; transversely wider than long; dorsal carapace surface smooth; regions poorly demarcated; cervical groove very broad, shallow; median H-shaped gastro-cardiac depression deep. Frontal margin broad, not demarcated from supraorbital margin by notch or tooth, distinctly cristate, appearing gently concave from dorsal, frontal views; frontal median triangle distinct, very broad. Postfrontal cristae sharp, gently concave to almost straight, separated medially other by narrow Y-shaped fissure; postorbital cristae long, sharp, gently concave to almost straight, separated from postfrontal cristae by small notch, cristae gently curving posteriorly as it reaches near base of first epibranchial tooth. Branchial regions gently convex; not distinctly inflated from frontal or lateral view. Orbits large, ovate; eyes well developed with prominent pigmented cornea, completely filling orbit. Supraorbital margin concave, entire; confluent with frontal margin; suborbital margin concave, entire. Pterygostomial region covered with scattered low granules; suborbital and subhepatic regions with low striae, granules. External orbital tooth very broad, vaguely separated into 2 parts by distinctly sinuous to concave external margin; inner angle acutely triangular, sharp, extending to level of frontal margin; outer angle obtusely triangular, rounded; separated from first epibranchial tooth by broad U-shaped notch; first epibranchial tooth sharp, triangular with subangular outer margin, directed anteriorly; second epibranchial tooth sharp, acutely triangular, directed obliquely outwards; separated from posterolateral margin by broad angle. Posterolateral margin gently concave, marked by low but distinct crista, lateral surfaces with distinct striae; posterolateral margin converging towards gently convex posterior carapace margin. Posterior margin of epistome sinuous; median tooth triangular with rounded tip, lateral margins concave.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF822316FF7E74575D373525" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Third maxilliped elongate, completely covering buccal cavity when closed; merus subquadrate, slightly wider than long, median part depressed, anterolateral margin subauriculiform, prominently rounded; ischium rectangular, with deep submedian oblique sulcus; exopod stout, reaching to median part of merus, with distinct subterminal tooth on inner margin, flagellum long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF822310FF7E75275D6A3414" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,1527,2020]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Chelipeds subequal in adult male; merus relatively short; with distinct subdistal spine; carpus ovate, outer surface rugose, with prominent, elongate spine on inner distal angle, inner margin gently serrated; chelae enlarged, outer surface smooth to gently rugose; fingers not pigmented black, gently curved, longer than palm, cutting edges with small, large rounded teeth, denticles. Ambulatory legs relatively short, stout; second leg longest; merus subrectangular, margins cristate, dorsal margin with sharp subdistal spine; carpus with cristate dorsal margin, unarmed; propodus with dorsal margin cristate, ventral margin gently serrated; outer surface with shallow submedian longitudinal depression; dactylus gently curved with corneous tip, quadrate in cross-section, margins with 4 rows of strong sharp spines.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7D5BEF8FF852311FF2E75895B9335D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF852311FF2E75895B9335D4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF852311FF2E75895E783596" bold="true" box="[151,268,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Overall dorsal views. A, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF852311FDA375895CE23597" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[538,918,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF852311FDA375895C783597" box="[538,780,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
Nobili, 1901
</taxonomicName>
, male (36.6×28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF852311FEA775E85E8A35F6" box="[286,510,1984,2006]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF852311FEA775E85E8A35F6" box="[286,510,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF852311FDB175E85D2F35F5" bold="true" box="[520,603,1984,2005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF852311FDB175E85D2F35F5" box="[520,603,1984,2005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male (38.5×29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF852311FF2E75F65E0035D4" box="[151,372,2014,2036]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF852311FF2E75F65E0035D4" box="[151,372,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF852311FEC275F75EBF35D4" bold="true" box="[379,459,2015,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF852311FEC275F75EBF35D4" box="[379,459,2015,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratype female (40.5×30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7D5BEF8FF842310FF2E775F5C9E37EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285709/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1377]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF842310FF2E775F5C9E37EA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1399,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF842310FF2E775F5E7F37AC" bold="true" box="[151,267,1399,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. A, C, E, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF842310FED7775F5D9237AD" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[366,742,1399,1421]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF842310FED7775F5D2B37AD" box="[366,607,1399,1421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
Nobili, 1901
</taxonomicName>
, male (36.6×28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF842310FF2E77BE5E00378C" box="[151,372,1430,1452]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF842310FF2E77BE5E00378C" box="[151,372,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF842310FEC277BE5EB8378B" bold="true" box="[379,460,1430,1451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF842310FEC277BE5EB8378B" box="[379,460,1430,1451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male (38.5×29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, lateral views of carapaces; C, D, frontal views of carapaces; E, F, right dorsal views of carapaces.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF842310FF7E74175B4034E4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1527,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Thoracic sternum evenly pitted, otherwise smooth; sternites 1, 2 completely fused, narrow longitudinally; separated from sternite 3 by deep concave suture (towards buccal cavity); sternites 3, 4 completely fused; sternoabdominal cavity reaching to imaginary line joining anterior edges of coxae of chelipeds. Tubercle of pressbutton male abdominal locking mechanism rounded, on anterior edge of sternite 5.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF842310FF7E74E75A3B3574" blockId="5.[151,1436,1527,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Male abdomen distinctly T-shaped; telson triangular, slightly longer than broad, lateral margins gently concave, tip rounded; somite 6 rectangular, almost twice as long as broad, lateral margins gently convex; somites 3–5 trapezoidal; lateral margins of somites 4, 5 deeply concave; lateral margins of somite 3 very broad, gently convex; somites 1, 2 longitudinally narrow, wide, reaching to bases of coxae of last pair of ambulatory legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF842310FF7E75775A1E35C4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1527,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">G1 relatively slender, terminal and subterminal segments not differentiated; proximal three-quarters almost straight, distal quarter gently curving away from sternoabdominal cavity; outer margin with distinct indentation on proximal one-third; outer margin of subdistal margin with long setae; tip tapering to rounded tip, opening distinct, laterally positioned. G2 much longer than G1; distal segment elongate, three-quarters length of basal segment.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7D5BEF8FF872313FF2E74EE5A763518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF872313FF2E74EE5A763518" blockId="6.[151,1436,1734,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF872313FF2E74EE5E7F34FC" bold="true" box="[151,267,1734,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. A, C, E, G, I, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF872313FE1874EE5C6E34FC" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[417,794,1734,1757]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF872313FE1874EE5DE634FD" box="[417,658,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
Nobili, 1901
</taxonomicName>
, male (36.6×28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF872313FEBB74CD5EAA34DB" box="[258,478,1765,1787]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF872313FEBB74CD5EAA34DB" box="[258,478,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF872313FE5D74CE5D4034DB" bold="true" box="[484,564,1766,1787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF872313FE5D74CE5D4034DB" box="[484,564,1766,1787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male (38.5×29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3–6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1–3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF872313FF7E75775CB135C5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1887,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF872313FF7E75775E6A3558" bold="true" box="[199,286,1887,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Female</emphasis>
. Chelae slender, not enlarged or inflated. Abdomen strongly ovate, covering almost entire surface of thoracic sternum; all somites, telson free; telson broadly triangular with gently convex lateral margins. Vulvae relatively large, posterior part with domed structure, anterior part with soft, semilunate operculum; on submedian part of thoracic sternite 6, slightly closer to suture between sternites 5, 6.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7D5BEF8FF862312FF2E774D5CFF37F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF862312FF2E774D5CFF37F7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1381,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FF2E774D5E64375A" bold="true" box="[151,272,1381,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. A–E, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF862312FED9774D5D91375B" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[352,741,1381,1403]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FED9774D5D21375B" box="[352,597,1381,1403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
Nobili, 1901
</taxonomicName>
, male (36.6×28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F–J, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF862312FF2E77AC5E0037BA" box="[151,372,1412,1434]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FF2E77AC5E0037BA" box="[151,372,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FEC277AC5EBF37B9" bold="true" box="[379,459,1412,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF862312FEC277AC5EBF37B9" box="[379,459,1412,1433]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype male (38.5×29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G1s; B, G, dorsal views of left G1s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G1s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G1s; E, J, left G2s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF862312FF7E742B5E2734F0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1539,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FF7E742B5E01343C" bold="true" box="[199,373,1539,1564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Colour in life</emphasis>
. Carapace usually with uniformly distributed rosette-like markings to different degrees; sometimes appearing almost uniformly olive green. Some specimens from the foothills of Gunong Serapi (ZRC 1989.2239–2246) were dark brown to brownish green in colour when live but the underlying pattern of rosette-like markings can still be discerned on the carapace, being distinct on the chelipeds and legs. The fingers of the chelipeds are usually pale brown. In some darker specimens, the dactylus is dark brown (never black), the distal part being beige.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF86231FFF7E74F35DA13134" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF86231DFF7E74F35D6D333D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1539,2032]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FF7E74F35E4034D4" bold="true" box="[199,308,1755,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF862312FEFB74F35D9234D4" author="Lanchester" box="[322,742,1755,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Lanchester, W. F. (1900 b) On some Malacostracous Crustaceans from Malaysia in the collection of the Sarawak Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (33), 249 - 265, pl. 12. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678375" type="journal article" year="1900" yearSuffix="b">Lanchester (1900b: 255, pl. 12 fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
described and figured a male specimen (37.5× 
<quantity id="64524395FF862312FB4974F35A2334D4" box="[1264,1367,1755,1780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="30.5">30.5 mm</quantity>
) from Kuching, 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF862312FEB274D75E1A3538" box="[267,366,1791,1816]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, of what he believed was 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF862312FD0975295B1D3538" box="[688,1129,1791,1816]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentatum" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FD0975295C613538" box="[688,789,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FC9274D75CA43538" box="[811,976,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FC5F74D75B1D3538" box="[998,1129,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">tridentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF862312FBCC75285FAA351C" authority="Lanchester, 1900" authorityName="Lanchester" authorityYear="1900" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" rank="variety" variety="incertum">
var. 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FB1275295A7A3538" box="[1195,1294,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">incertum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF862312FAA274D75FAA351C" author="Lanchester" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Lanchester, W. F. (1900 a) On a collection of crustaceans made at Singapore and Malacca. Part I. Crustacea Brachyura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900 (3), 719 - 770, pls. 44 - 47." type="journal article" year="1900" yearSuffix="a">Lanchester, 1900a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, noting that the structure of its external orbital angle was unusually sinuous. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF862312FB86750B5A72351C" author="Nobili" box="[1087,1286,1827,1852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901: 10)</bibRefCitation>
, however, on examining a specimen (36.0× 
<quantity id="64524395FF862312FE59756F5D33357F" box="[480,583,1863,1888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
, sex not stated) from Sadong sent to him by Robert Shelford, argued that the 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF862312FF2E75435F8335A4" box="[151,247,1899,1924]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
material differed from Lanchester’s taxon (which was described from 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF862312FB9075435BE835A4" box="[1065,1180,1899,1924]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Singapore</collectingCountry>
) in several features: a sharper external orbital tooth with a longer and more sinuous margin, straighter postfrontal cristae, sharper and more prominently cut anterolateral teeth, and a carapace lacking spots. He also noted that his 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF862312FB78759B5A5535EC" box="[1217,1313,1971,1996]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
taxon was closer to 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF862312FEBA75FF5DB835D0" authority="De Man, 1879" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1879" box="[259,716,2007,2032]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FEBA75FF5D6D35D0" box="[259,537,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Parathelphusa maculata</emphasis>
De 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF862312FDF475F05DB835D0" author="Man" box="[589,716,2008,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Man, J. G. De (1879) On some new or imperfectly known Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1 (2), 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1879">Man, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, than to 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF862312FC8A75F15B9335D0" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[819,1255,2007,2032]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF862312FC8A75F15CCB35D0" box="[819,959,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">P. tridentata</emphasis>
H. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF862312FC5475FF5B9335D0" author="Milne" box="[1005,1255,2007,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, noting that the ambulatory merus of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFE3572B15D663290" box="[396,530,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFE3572B15D663290" box="[396,530,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a strong subdistal spine that is absent in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFBA772B15A043290" authority="Nobili 1901: 9" authorityName="Nobili" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1901" box="[1054,1392,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFBA772B15BDE3290" box="[1054,1194,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. tridentata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB0272BF5A113290" author="Nobili" box="[1211,1381,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili 1901: 9</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. As such, 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFF6172945E0432F4" author="Nobili" box="[216,368,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901)</bibRefCitation>
referred the 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF89231DFE4672945D2B32F5" box="[511,607,188,213]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
specimens to a new subspecies, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC7272955BC032F4" box="[971,1204,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC7272955BC032F4" box="[971,1204,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nobili also referred western Borneo material identified by von Marten’s (1868) from Sinkawang as &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFBC772F75E71333D" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata" subGenus="Paratelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFBC772F75B9632D8" box="[1150,1250,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Telphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFB4572F75AE732D8" box="[1276,1427,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Paratelphusa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFF2E732C5E71333D" box="[151,261,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; to this new subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF89231DFF7E73005BE53118" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
As 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFF57730F5EFC3360" author="Nobili" box="[238,392,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901)</bibRefCitation>
did not select a 
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF89231DFDFD730F5DDD3360" box="[580,681,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and he referred to the Borneo specimens examined by Lanchester (1900) and von 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFEF073655E833345" author="Martens" box="[329,503,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Martens, E. von (1868) Ueber einige ostasiatische Susswasserthiere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 34 (1), 1 - 64, pl. I." type="journal article" year="1868">Martens (1868)</bibRefCitation>
in his discussion, all this material as well as the one specimen he had from Sadong must be regarded as 
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF89231DFEC773585E9033A8" box="[382,484,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFE5673585C6833A8" author="Ng" box="[495,796,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinang (2004: 317)</bibRefCitation>
commented that there was no extant 
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF89231DFB7973585B8433A8" box="[1216,1264,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
material of the species and a 
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF89231DFE8D73BD5EF9338D" box="[308,397,405,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
may need to be selected at a later date but this is not correct. Lanchester’s (1900) specimen from Kuching cannot be located. It is not in the Natural History Museum in London or the Zoology Museum at Cambridge University, and like the rest of Lanchester’s material from this collection, is probably no longer extant (see Ng 1989b: 70; 1990a: 54). There is, however, one Shelford specimen from Sadong in MUT (Cr 1211 Ex 1347) that is almost certainly the same one that was studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFCAE700C5CC0301C" author="Nobili" box="[791,948,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901)</bibRefCitation>
. Unfortunately, the specimen is in very bad condition, being crushed and in pieces. Although its size and sex cannot be ascertained, the pieces of the carapace remaining indicate it is identifiable with what is here defined as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC3E70455B7130A4" box="[903,1029,621,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC3E70455B7130A4" box="[903,1029,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Von Martens (1878) noted he had seven specimens from Sinkawang in western Borneo, some of which may have been sent to 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB0870A75AE83088" author="Wood-Mason" box="[1201,1436,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Wood-Mason, J. (1876) A Conspectus of the Species of Parathelphusa, an Indo-Malayan Genus of Freshwater Crabs. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 17 (98), 120 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681916" type="journal article" year="1876">Wood-Mason (1876)</bibRefCitation>
(see discussion for next species). The only specimen 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFD51709C5CF530EC" author="Nobili" box="[744,897,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901)</bibRefCitation>
himself had examined (MUT Cr 1211 Ex 1347) is here designated as the 
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF89231DFE1270FF5D6630D0" box="[427,530,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFD8F70F15DC430D0" box="[566,688,729,752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFD8F70F15DC430D0" box="[566,688,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although it is in very poor condition, it is clearly conspecific with what is here defined as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFE2570D55D613134" box="[412,533,765,788]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFE2570D55D613134" box="[412,533,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is also in view of the present findings that von Martens’ (1868) Sinkawang material is not conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFE4471095D0C3118" box="[509,632,801,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFE4471095D0C3118" box="[509,632,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but belongs to a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC7571095B453118" box="[972,1073,799,824]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC7571095B453118" box="[972,1073,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFB8171375BE53118" bold="true" box="[1080,1169,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF89231DFB8171375BE53118" box="[1080,1169,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF89231DFF7E716C5F8836BF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
Nobili’s (1901) taxon was accepted by Rathbun (1904) as a good species but dismissed by 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB69716C5A18317C" author="Colosi" box="[1232,1388,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Colosi, G. (1920) I Potamonidi del R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 35 (734), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1920">Colosi (1920)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFF2E71405E6D31A0" author="Bott" box="[151,281,872,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338, figs. 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 58, map 1." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott (1970)</bibRefCitation>
who included it under the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFD5C71415C1D31A0" box="[741,873,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFD5C71415C1D31A0" box="[741,873,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC1871415B7831A0" box="[929,1036,873,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC1871415B7831A0" box="[929,1036,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB0971405A4631A0" author="Bott" box="[1200,1330,872,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338, figs. 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 58, map 1." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott (1970)</bibRefCitation>
regarded 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFF2E71A55E763184" box="[151,258,909,932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFF2E71A55E763184" box="[151,258,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species, placing 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFDEB71A55DA33185" box="[594,727,908,933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFDEB71A55DA33185" box="[594,727,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC5571A55AEC3185" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[1004,1432,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC5571A55B023185" box="[1004,1142,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. tridentata</emphasis>
H. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB1871A45AEC3185" author="Milne" box="[1185,1432,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ng (1988, 1989a, 1990a), however, showed that 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFD0C71995C4D31E8" box="[693,825,943,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFD0C71995C4D31E8" box="[693,825,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFCD471995CAC31E8" box="[877,984,945,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFCD471995CAC31E8" box="[877,984,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are actually subjective synonyms. Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFF2E71FC5E6F31CC" box="[151,283,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Goh, R. (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4), 313 - 330, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article">Goh (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, Ng (1988, 1990a, b, 2004), 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFDE671FC5C5B31CC" author="Chia" box="[607,815,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (1998) On three new species of Parathelphusa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae) from Borneo. Hydrobiologia, 377, 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1998">Chia &amp; Ng (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFC8571FD5B4631CC" author="Ng" box="[828,1074,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinang (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB3C71FD5A7731CC" box="[1157,1283,980,1004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Yeo, D. C. J. (2007) Malaysian freshwater crabs: conservation prospects and challenges. In: Chua, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Seminar on the Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia &amp; Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia, 28 - 30 June 2005, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 95 - 120." type="journal article">Yeo (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and Ng 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFADD71FD5AE831CD" box="[1380,1436,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) all treat 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFEFF71D15EB63630" box="[326,450,1017,1040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFEFF71D15EB63630" box="[326,450,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid taxon but no author has elaborated on its taxonomy; although 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB4071D05F963614" author="Ng" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinang (2004)</bibRefCitation>
did discuss the identity of the species but without a detailed redescription or figures. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFB0776355FBB3678" author="Ng" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng (2004: 330, fig. 13C)</bibRefCitation>
provided a schematic figure of the G 
<quantity id="64524395FF89231DFD2176685DB13678" box="[664,709,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
a key to Malaysian species but also did not elaborate on its taxonomy. The present paper addresses this shortcoming by providing a detailed redescription and figures of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFA3E764D5F823680" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFA3E764D5F823680" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF89231DFF7E76845FBC35FD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
The structure of the external orbital tooth in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFD0F76855C4436E4" box="[694,816,1197,1220]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFD0F76855C4436E4" box="[694,816,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnostic, and the distinctly sinuous outer margin is a good character. It varies slightly in structure but not significantly, although in small specimens it is not reliable, being more evenly broadly triangular. Although the external orbital tooth of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC4876DD5B00372D" box="[1009,1140,1268,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC4876DD5B00372D" box="[1009,1140,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
somewhat approaches the condition in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFE9177315ED03710" box="[296,420,1305,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFE9177315ED03710" box="[296,420,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the external margin is never as sinuous (see 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFC1677305B573710" author="Ng" box="[943,1059,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">Ng 1990a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3A–K). In addition, the live coloration of these two taxa is very different. Although 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFC9D77145C9B3774" author="Nobili" box="[804,1007,1340,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901: 10)</bibRefCitation>
commented that 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFB0377155A4C3774" box="[1210,1336,1341,1364]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFB0377155A4C3774" box="[1210,1336,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not spotted while 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFE8A77495EC23758" box="[307,438,1375,1400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFE8A77495EC23758" box="[307,438,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was, this is not exactly correct. Ng (1988, 1989a, 1990a, b) has observed that large adults of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFF0377AD5E3737BD" box="[186,323,1412,1437]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFF0377AD5E3737BD" box="[186,323,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are a uniform greenish-brown to brown, while younger or smaller specimens may have their pereopods and part of their carapaces covered with small black spots. These spots never cluster together to form rosette-like patterns as frequently observed in live or freshly preserved 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC6A77E55B2437C4" box="[979,1104,1485,1508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC6A77E55B2437C4" box="[979,1104,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF89231DFBDA77E45BD137C4" box="[1123,1189,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Some specimens, however, notably more darkly coloured individuals living on dark-coloured soils, do not show this pattern, and it can also be lost in long-preserved specimens; which may explain the condition of Nobili’s (1901: 10) specimen, which he noted was evenly brown. The more typical rosette-like pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC5974115B2F3470" box="[992,1115,1593,1616]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC5974115B2F3470" box="[992,1115,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been observed in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFA3E74115EF63455" authority="Ng, 1990" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1990" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFA3E74115E773455" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. reticulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFEB074755EF63455" author="Ng" box="[265,386,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">Ng, 1990b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF89231DFE7074745D4E3455" box="[457,570,1628,1653]" name="Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Singapore</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFDC974755CD93454" authority="Rathbun, 1902" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1902" box="[624,941,1628,1653]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maindroni">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFDC974755D8B3455" box="[624,767,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maindroni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFCBC74745CD93454" author="Rathbun" box="[773,941,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1902) Description des nouvelles especes de Parathelphusa appartenant au Museum de Paris. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, 8 (3), 184 - 187." type="journal article" year="1902">Rathbun, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from Sumatra and Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF89231DFABA74745A1E3455" box="[1283,1386,1628,1653]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFAC174745F9434B8" author="Ng" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">Ng 1990b</bibRefCitation>
, 1993), but these species differ markedly from 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFD5674A95C1E34B8" box="[751,874,1665,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFD5674A95C1E34B8" box="[751,874,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a relatively more inflated carapace with the external orbital angle broadly triangular. The G1 structure of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFCD0748D5C97349C" box="[873,995,1701,1724]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFCD0748D5C97349C" box="[873,995,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also diagnostic, being one of the few species that possesses a distinct indentation or cleft on the proximal outer margin (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF89231DFBF274EF5BBC34C0" box="[1099,1224,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
). This character is shared by 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFEB274C55EFA3525" box="[267,398,1772,1797]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFEB274C55EFA3525" box="[267,398,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFE7274C55D493524" author="Ng" box="[459,573,1772,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">Ng 1990a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5A, B, E, F, H) and 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFCE174C55B0D3524" authority="De Man, 1879" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1879" box="[856,1145,1772,1796]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFCE174C55CA43524" box="[856,976,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. convexa</emphasis>
De 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF89231DFC4674C55B0D3524" author="Man" box="[1023,1145,1772,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Man, J. G. De (1879) On some new or imperfectly known Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1 (2), 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1879">Man, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from Java) (unpublished data, see also Ng 1997: 120), but in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFD9375395DD13508" box="[554,677,1809,1832]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFD9375395DD13508" box="[554,677,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the G1 is proportionately more slender (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF89231DFBCB75275B8C3508" box="[1138,1272,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Figs. 4A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF89231DFABD75275A603508" box="[1284,1300,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. G 1 s" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1339,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. G 1 s, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901. A – D, male (31.4 × 24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E – H male (32.2 × 24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0 × 33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0 × 30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G 1; B, dorsal view of left G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G 1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G 1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G 1 s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G 1 s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G 1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">5</figureCitation>
). The G1 of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFF2E751D5E67356C" box="[151,275,1845,1868]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFF2E751D5E67356C" box="[151,275,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does vary slightly. Some specimens from the Sadong River in 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF89231DFC53751C5B3E356D" box="[1002,1098,1844,1869]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
have a slightly more sinuous G1, while others from the nearby localities have slightly straighter ones, although all are still gently curved (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF89231DFAF3757F5AFA3550" box="[1354,1422,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. G 1 s" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1339,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. G 1 s, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901. A – D, male (31.4 × 24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E – H male (32.2 × 24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0 × 33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0 × 30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G 1; B, dorsal view of left G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G 1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G 1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G 1 s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G 1 s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G 1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The indentation on the proximal outer margin is always present, although it can sometimes be relatively smaller (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF89231DFF6E75885E633599" box="[215,279,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. G 1 s" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1339,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. G 1 s, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901. A – D, male (31.4 × 24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E – H male (32.2 × 24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0 × 33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0 × 30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G 1; B, dorsal view of left G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G 1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G 1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G 1 s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G 1 s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G 1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
F, J). The G1 structures of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFDFC75895DCB3598" box="[581,703,1953,1976]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFDFC75895DCB3598" box="[581,703,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are never as stout as in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFC7475895B243599" box="[973,1104,1952,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFC7475895B243599" box="[973,1104,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or as straight as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF89231DFAB775895A073599" box="[1294,1395,1952,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFAB775895A073599" box="[1294,1395,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF89231DFAC375885FBC35FD" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF89231DFAC375885FBC35FD" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7D5BEF8FF88231CFF2E75675B7D35C0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF88231CFF2E75675B7D35C0" blockId="9.[151,1436,1871,2016]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF88231CFF2E75675E653545" bold="true" box="[151,273,1871,1893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. G1s, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF88231CFEE775675D9C3545" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[350,744,1871,1894]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF88231CFEE775675E873545" box="[350,499,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF88231CFE4775795D203546" box="[510,596,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">oxygona</emphasis>
Nobili, 1901
</taxonomicName>
. A–D, male (31.4×24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E–H male (32.2×24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0×33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0×30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G1; B, dorsal view of left G1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G1s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G1s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231FFF7E72BF5D0B3040" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
Specimens in the ZRC and MUT from the Sadong River identified as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFC5772B15B073290" box="[1006,1139,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFC5772B15B073290" box="[1006,1139,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by earlier workers are all clearly referable to 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFEC372955E8332F4" box="[378,503,189,212]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFEC372955E8332F4" box="[378,503,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A pair of specimens from Sadong (MBA 981c) identified as 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFB7572945E5632D8" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Palawanthelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFB7572945E5632D8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Palawanthelphusa pulcherrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Bott, but not listed in his 1970 study are actually 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFC2072C95B6332D8" box="[921,1047,225,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFC2072C95B6332D8" box="[921,1047,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Colosi’s (1920) record of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFAEF72C95F8B333D" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFAEF72C95A1C32D8" box="[1366,1384,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFAC772C95AE432D8" box="[1406,1424,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E732C5F8B333D" box="[151,255,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is partly based on Nobili’s specimens and they are synonymised under 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFB85732D5BCC333C" box="[1084,1208,261,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFB85732D5BCC333C" box="[1084,1208,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
accordingly. 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFAED732C5F953360" author="Nobili" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Nobili, G. (1903) Descrizione di una nuova specie di Parathelphusa delle Isole Mentawai. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 18 (444), 1 - 4, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1903">Nobili (1903)</bibRefCitation>
compared his new species, 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFD93730F5C2E3360" box="[554,858,295,320]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modiglianii">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFD93730F5C2E3360" box="[554,858,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Parathelphusa modiglianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Mentawei Islands off western Sumatra, with two specimens of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFE1173655D473345" box="[424,563,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE1173655D473345" box="[424,563,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; from Borneo, and figured its cheliped carpus with a long sharp spine. As he had correctly separated 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFE1C73595D4433A8" box="[421,560,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE1C73595D4433A8" box="[421,560,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFDCF73595D8F33A8" box="[630,763,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFDCF73595D8F33A8" box="[630,763,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of an ambulatory meral spine (present in 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFA3E73595F8B338D" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFA3E73595F8B338D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFE8773BD5EAF338D" box="[318,475,404,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modiglianii">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE8773BD5EAF338D" box="[318,475,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. modiglianii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks a spine, Nobili’s (1903) &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFCC973BD5C8D338D" box="[880,1017,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFCC973BD5C8D338D" box="[880,1017,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; is more likely to be 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFB5373BD5E7433F0" authority="Ng, 1986" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1986" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawakensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFB5373BD5AE8338D" box="[1258,1436,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. sarawakensis</emphasis>
Ng, 1986
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF8B231FFEE9739F5EC133F0" box="[336,437,439,464]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
), or 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFE5173915DC333F0" authority="Ng, 1986" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[488,695,439,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE5173915D3333F0" box="[488,583,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. nitida</emphasis>
Ng, 1986
</taxonomicName>
(from Kalimantan). 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFC1A739F5B2033F0" author="Rathbun" box="[931,1108,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun (1905)</bibRefCitation>
regarded specimens referred to 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFF0C73F55E4533D4" box="[181,305,477,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF0C73F55E4533D4" box="[181,305,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFEE473F45E8333D4" author="Nobili" box="[349,503,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF8B231FFD8773F45DEB33D5" box="[574,671,476,501]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
and a male from Sinkawang she examined in the Paris Museum as conspecific, which the present study has shown is not the case; the latter is now 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFB9870295BF23038" box="[1057,1158,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFB9870295BF23038" box="[1057,1158,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFB3773D75B9C3038" bold="true" box="[1166,1256,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8B231FFB3773D75B9C3038" box="[1166,1256,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The collections on hand show that 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFED5700D5E92301C" box="[364,486,549,572]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFED5700D5E92301C" box="[364,486,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confined to western 
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF8B231FFD55700C5C24301D" box="[748,848,548,573]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
. Further west in Borneo (Indonesian Kalimantan), it appears to be replaced by 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFE0370615D6B3040" box="[442,543,583,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE0370615D6B3040" box="[442,543,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8B231FFD9F706F5D0B3040" box="[550,639,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFD9F706F5D0B3040" bold="true" box="[550,639,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231FFF7E70445DA13134" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFEC870455E8530A4" box="[369,497,621,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFEC870455E8530A4" box="[369,497,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from muddy/sandy banks adjacent to relatively small and slow flowing lowland streams. The burrows can be several metres away from the edge of the water. The habitat and habits appear to be similar to species like 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFDD5709D5D9B30ED" box="[620,751,692,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFDD5709D5D9B30ED" box="[620,751,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Ng 1989a, 1990a, c) and 
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFBFC709D5BC930EC" box="[1093,1213,693,716]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFBFC709D5BC930EC" box="[1093,1213,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">P. convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unpublished data). Ng &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFF6670F05E2930D0" box="[223,349,728,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Yeo, D. C. J. (2007) Malaysian freshwater crabs: conservation prospects and challenges. In: Chua, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Seminar on the Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia &amp; Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia, 28 - 30 June 2005, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 95 - 120." type="journal article">Yeo (2007)</bibRefCitation>
listed the species as vulnerable to extinction, noting that the primary threats are water pollution and habitat loss (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFE0D70D45DBD3134" author="Cumberlidge" box="[436,713,764,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Cumberlidge, N., Ng, P. K. L., Yeo, D. C. J., Magalhaes, C., Campos, M. R., Alvarez, F., Naruse, T., Daniels, S. R., L. J., Esser, Attipoe, F. Y. K., Clotilde-Ba, F. - L., Darwall, W., Mcivor, A., Collen, B. &amp; Ram, M. (2009) Freshwater crabs and the biodiversity crisis: importance, threats, status, and conservation challenges. Biological Conservation, 142 (8), 1665 - 1673. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2009.02.038" type="journal article" year="2009">
Cumberlidge 
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFDF470D55DF23135" box="[589,646,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>