305 lines
28 KiB
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305 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ef918a8-b165-4acd-9b8d-681a8be3179c" ID-PMC="PMC7732820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-169-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" ID-PubMed="33354138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-169-1" checkinTime="1607107116814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Hickman, Ellen J., Guttierrez, Jorge E., Smith, Rhian J. & Hopper, Stephen D." docDate="2020" docId="22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 169: 1-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 169" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" docTitle="Lachnanthes Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 47. 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140162299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hickman, Ellen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guttierrez, Jorge E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Rhian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hopper, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>169</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-169-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22D6D26A322D59F6ABF1947C86E8D9CA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="22D6D26A-322D-59F6-ABF1-947C86E8D9CA" authority="Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 47. 1816." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lachnanthes Elliott, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 47. 1816.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy A swampy environment B detail of the red roots C habit of an adult flowering specimen D inflorescence showing external surface lanate and internal surface glabrous and yellow perianth E detail of a flower being visited by a bee F fruiting inflorescence, with the detail of a fruit in longitudinal section. A by U. Lorimer, B by J. Fowler, C, F by S. Zona and D, E by B. Peterson, fruit detail by J. Bradford." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy. Full colour whole plant illustration. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy A, B root: A portion of the root B cross-section C rhizome in longitudinal section D cincinnus E flower F hair G-I perianth: G outer tepal (frontal and dorsal view) H dorsal view of a inner tepal I side view of the inner tepal with epipetalous stamen J anther (frontal and dorsal view) K-M gynoecium: K cross-section L longitudinal section M stigma N-S fruit: N immature capsule O cross-section P longitudinal section Q placenta with ovules in side view R placenta with ovules in dorsal view S dehisced capsule T-V seed: T dorsal view U ventral view V longitudinal section. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bars: 0.8 mm (A, B); 1 cm (C, D, T-V); 2 mm (E, G-J, N-S); 0.4 mm (F); 1.25 mm (K, L); 0.62 mm (M)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481934" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Camderia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camderia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Camderia</taxonomicName>
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Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 80. 1829, nom. illeg. Type species.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera tinctorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctorum">Heritiera tinctorum</taxonomicName>
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Walter ex J.F.Gmel. [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">Lachnanthes caroliniana</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heritiera</taxonomicName>
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J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. (ed. 13) 2(1): 113. 1791, nom. illeg., non
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heritiera</taxonomicName>
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Aiton, nec
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heritiera</taxonomicName>
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Retz. Type species.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heritiera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heritiera tinctorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctorum">Heritiera tinctorum</taxonomicName>
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Walter ex J.F.Gmel. [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">Lachnanthes caroliniana</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Gyrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gyrotheca" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gyrotheca</taxonomicName>
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Salisb., Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 327. 1812, nom. nud.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Elliott" authorityYear="1816" baseAuthorityName="Walter ex J. F. Gmel." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes tinctoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes tinctoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Elliott [=
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy].
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481932" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Lam.) Dandy
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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swampy environment
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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detail of the red roots
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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habit of an adult flowering specimen
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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inflorescence showing external surface lanate and internal surface glabrous and yellow perianth
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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detail of a flower being visited by a bee
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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fruiting inflorescence, with the detail of a fruit in longitudinal section.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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by U. Lorimer,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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by J. Fowler,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, F</emphasis>
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by S. Zona and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
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by B. Peterson, fruit detail by J. Bradford.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically and phylogenetically related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1767" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dilatris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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P.J.Bergius s.str., a yet undescribed African genus and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E.Smith" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Haemodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haemodorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haemodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, due to their red to orange roots, branched cincinni, upright tepals, three fertile stamens, inferior ovary and lenticellate and winged seeds (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" author="Simpson, MG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="722 - 784" refId="B52" refString="Simpson, MG, 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77 (4): 722 - 784, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" volume="77" year="1990">Simpson 1990</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Simpson, MG" editor="Kubitzki, K" journalOrPublisher="4). Springer Verlag, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="212 - 128" refId="B55" refString="Simpson, MG, 1998b. Haemodoraceae. In: Kubitzki, K, Ed., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Vol. 4). Springer Verlag, Berlin: 212 - 128" title="Haemodoraceae." volumeTitle="The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Vol." year="1998 b">1998b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00770.x" author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="285 - 299" refId="B17" refString="Hopper, SD, Fay, MF, Rossetto, M, Chase, MW, 1999. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 131 (3): 285 - 299, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00770.x" title="A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: Taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00770.x" volume="131" year="1999">Hopper et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015" author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 30" refId="B19" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Fay, MF, Manning, JC, Chase, MW, 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (1): 19 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015" title="Molecular phylogenetics of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015" volume="51" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Chase, MW, Fay, MF, Gutierrez, JE, Hickman, EJ, Manning, JC, Pellegrini, MOO, Rourke, JP, Simpson, MG, in prep. . Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." title="Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." year="in prep.">Hopper et al., in prep.</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E.Smith" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Haemodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haemodorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haemodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on their roots being sand-binding or not (roots lacking a rhizosheath and not sand-binding in
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. with a rhizosheath and sand-binding in almost all species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E.Smith" authorityYear="1798" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Haemodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haemodorum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haemodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), pubescence (present vs. absent), the consistency of the tepals (succulent vs. coriaceous) and the number of ovules per carpel (5-7 vs. 2) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hickman, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Hickman, EJ, 2019. Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." title="Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." year="2019">Hickman 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). On the other hand,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1767" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dilatris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.str. by its roots lacking a rhizosheath and not sand-binding (vs. with a rhizosheath and sand-binding in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.J.Bergius" authorityYear="1767" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Dilatris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilatris" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dilatris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.str.), outer tepals
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
|
times shorter than the inner tepals (vs. outer and inner tepals equal), tepals erect and lacking apical glands (vs. tepals patent, with apical glands), monomorphic stamens (vs. dimorphic), septal nectaries interlocular (vs. supralocular), 5-7 ovules per locule (vs. one), the absence of an anthocarp (vs. anthocarp present) and loculicidal capsules (vs. septifragal) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hickman, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Hickman, EJ, 2019. Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." title="Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." year="2019">Hickman 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the undescribed genus will be posteriorly discussed (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Chase, MW, Fay, MF, Gutierrez, JE, Hickman, EJ, Manning, JC, Pellegrini, MOO, Rourke, JP, Simpson, MG, in prep. . Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." title="Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." year="in prep.">Hopper et al. in prep.</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B42" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, Horn, CN, Faden, RB, Hopper, SD, Evans, TM, in prep. . Morphological phylogeny of Commelinales (Monocots), based on a giant taxon-character matrix." title="Morphological phylogeny of Commelinales (Monocots), based on a giant taxon-character matrix." year="in prep.">Pellegrini et al., in prep.</bibRefCitation>
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|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Lam.) Dandy. Full colour whole plant illustration. Illustration by E.J. Hickman. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481934" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Lachnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnanthes caroliniana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lachnanthes caroliniana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Lam.) Dandy
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
root:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
portion of the root
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
cross-section
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
rhizome in longitudinal section
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
cincinnus
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
flower
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
hair
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
|
|
perianth:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
outer tepal (frontal and dorsal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view of a inner tepal
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
|
side view of the inner tepal with epipetalous stamen
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
|
anther (frontal and dorsal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K-M</emphasis>
|
|
gynoecium:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
|
cross-section
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
|
longitudinal section
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
|
stigma
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N-S</emphasis>
|
|
fruit:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
|
immature capsule
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
|
|
cross-section
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
|
|
longitudinal section
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
|
|
placenta with ovules in side view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
|
|
placenta with ovules in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S</emphasis>
|
|
dehisced capsule
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T-V</emphasis>
|
|
seed:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">U</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V</emphasis>
|
|
longitudinal section. Illustration by E.J. Hickman. Scale bars: 0.8 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 cm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, T-V</emphasis>
|
|
); 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, G-J, N-S</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.4 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
); 1.25 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.62 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |