564 lines
74 KiB
XML
564 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="DB38D467ADACDA939CF12E042E7B7D15" ID-CLB-Dataset="26978" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4587.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30b2e4dc-5996-46b6-8be8-7bccdd041563" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2651448" ID-ZooBank="CC6CDA5A-E283-49AD-9F31-CE95C123A379" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556225796868" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Pillay, Ruwen & Janson, Liesl" docDate="2019" docId="224C879C2B7FFFFFFF088E2FFE4C645B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4587.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4587 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plakortis pulvillus Samaai & Pillay & Janson 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="DE75FFE42B77FFF5FF9F8829FFDF6316" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698723615903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D135B30224992A7C8F8E88E0EB7AB869" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B886BCB20AB9EB72FDA9F5F411796E3E">
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<mods:title id="FB3FB1BB0642ABED7B9555EE75CB6DC5">Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="855317CC05AE78EDA52B275C4F3DB021" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5B289425DF9E9C520B359529D6986523">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3A1113E59B6A47A397CA2BF1F8F961E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="65BEADC9BBBCAAE85E382FCE28FEBDB4">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="15418D2FC15613D8AAF60C036486FBA1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CCFFC3F6D2428CF5BE3159201EF09BDD">
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<mods:roleTerm id="60CFC4A5E5EAE5AA4436084443E880A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8434E4125C9477B985195567F0E79F3E">Pillay, Ruwen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BE33C63465B63B0EC4B6C23C2C6E277C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4604C6E0400C4BF63129380FDFEA1E74">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BF82BC11BD8A9F419B1DA655E3D32CCE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="017DC1A0FA48DBE85AE3A9ED86EB21A5">Janson, Liesl</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6B68188622F8D640944287637AB532EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDF209CA9C20DB7193E89CFA4355196A">
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<mods:title id="6E50327AE33C1507E8737037E5A76AE1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="44DDD640E214194D2C270C71281D19D8">
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<mods:date id="1E3C723E365DF76DE9EF7FB24B9AAA80">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9C490215DAC523122890ED7CFF0302F8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="BFA7B0C8A03B5D9E8FDFEA0264009DB4">2019-04-23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D0F15F4AB78F797261FCFB7BB6C1AB0C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5C3B9F08C716C1744BEB23EED6251D3E">4587</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="ECC96918055523507018645E7AD9F278" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="4A298CF036EBD7241482C031654630BC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F5D857D7084B08DD56554AB999317C8E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="BA91EEBB314C54EA7003B40F1E473683">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0774EF4D44BE72F2B5949D7A9C18A366" type="CLB-Dataset">26978</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F12AD652D873755ACF09DDB59C7DA47" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4587.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="13D285874DF6613D94BB0A9E741315B2" type="GBIF-Dataset">30b2e4dc-5996-46b6-8be8-7bccdd041563</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B1F0F77EA2F8814F4611994EF701694" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5B9875968DB7EA5D2830F1C0F2F93DE6" type="Zenodo-Dep">2651448</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0AFF7C5D233F76B1A1BBAA4A357AAC2A" type="ZooBank">CC6CDA5A-E283-49AD-9F31-CE95C123A379</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="224C879C2B7FFFFFFF088E2FFE4C645B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156843721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:224C879C2B7FFFFFFF088E2FFE4C645B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/224C879C2B7FFFFFFF088E2FFE4C645B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7FFFFDFF088E2FFE076536" box="[151,472,1542,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7FFFFDFF088E2FFE076536" blockId="8.[151,472,1542,1602]" box="[151,472,1542,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="F11281E62B7FFFFDFF088E2FFE076536" bold="true" box="[151,472,1542,1568]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7FFFFDFF088E2FFE076536" bold="true" box="[151,472,1542,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7FFFFDFF088E2FFEAC6536" ID-CoL="85X2G" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,371,1542,1568]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7FFFFDFF088E2FFEAC6536" bold="true" box="[151,371,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plakortis pulvillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7FFFFDFEE48E2FFE076536" box="[379,472,1542,1568]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7FFFFDFF088E00FEFD6554" box="[151,290,1577,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7FFFFDFF088E00FEFD6554" blockId="8.[151,472,1542,1602]" box="[151,290,1577,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B7FFFFDFF008E00FF3E6554" box="[159,225,1577,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis pulvillus sp. nov. A. Preserved sample; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x 10); D. Diods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7FFFFDFF088E58FCE365C4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7FFFFDFF088E58FAB665BB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1649,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7FFFFDFF088E58FDD9659C" bold="true" box="[151,518,1649,1674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Material examined.
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<materialsCitation id="1A8D3CD72B7FFFFDFE0D8E58FDD9659C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236964337" box="[402,518,1649,1674]" collectingDate="2003-11-06" collectorName="T. Samaai" country="South Africa" elevation="30" latitude="-27.5216" location="Deep-sponge" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.6835" municipality="Sodwana Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="SAMC-A24721" specimenCount="30" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="755E88282B7FFFFDFE0D8E58FDDE659C" box="[402,513,1649,1674]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="FA439EF12B7FFFFDFD8D8E5BFD16659C" box="[530,713,1650,1674]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SAMC–A24721</specimenCode>
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(cross-reference TS 909 & Saf 3-Sod74),
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<location id="AF3A60512B7FFFFDFB568E5BFA82659C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:224C879C2B7FFFFFFF088E2FFE4C645B:AF3A60512B7FFFFDFB568E5BFA82659C" box="[1225,1373,1650,1674]" country="South Africa" latitude="-27.5216" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.6835" municipality="Sodwana Bay" name="Deep-sponge" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Deep-sponge</location>
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reef,
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<collectingMunicipality id="4A3EACF02B7FFFFDFF088EBCFEEC65B8" box="[151,307,1685,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sodwana Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7FFFFDFEA18EBCFE1265B8" box="[318,461,1685,1710]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="CFD1504D2B7FFFFDFE428EBCFD8965B8" box="[477,598,1685,1710]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="5" value="-27.5216">27.5216°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CFD1504D2B7FFFFDFDFD8EBCFD0265B8" box="[610,733,1685,1710]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="5" value="32.6835">32.6835°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 0
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<date id="DE5B104A2B7FFFFDFD608EBCFC1465B8" box="[767,971,1685,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2003-11-06">
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<collectingDate id="CE1FE9A22B7FFFFDFD608EBCFC1465B8" box="[767,971,1685,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2003-11-06">6 November 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, collected by
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<collectorName id="0710535C2B7FFFFDFBF98EBFFB0765B8" box="[1126,1240,1685,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. Samaai</collectorName>
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, depth
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<specimenCount id="BCE3FD032B7FFFFDFAB78EBFFAB665BB" box="[1320,1385,1686,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">
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<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7FFFFDFAB78EBFFABA65BB" box="[1320,1381,1686,1710]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="30.0">
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<elevation id="21C8D1B92B7FFFFDFAB78EBFFABA65BB" box="[1320,1381,1686,1710]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7FFFFDFF588E90FCE365C4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1649,2034]" box="[199,828,1721,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<materialsCitation id="1A8D3CD72B7FFFFDFF588E90FCE765C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236964321" box="[199,824,1721,1746]" country="South Africa" location="Sodwana Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7FFFFDFF588E90FEBA65C4" bold="true" box="[199,357,1721,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="755E88282B7FFFFDFF588E90FEDD65C4" box="[199,258,1721,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="AF3A60512B7FFFFDFEF38E90FDD765C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:224C879C2B7FFFFFFF088E2FFE4C645B:AF3A60512B7FFFFDFEF38E90FDD765C4" box="[364,520,1721,1746]" country="South Africa" name="Sodwana Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sodwana Bay</location>
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, east coast of
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<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7FFFFDFD3B8E90FCE765C4" box="[676,824,1721,1746]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7FFFFCFF588EF4FAF064C2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7FFFFDFF588EF4FDA16474" blockId="8.[151,1437,1649,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7FFFFDFF588EF4FE8665E0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1757,1782]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
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Small, thickly encrusting, cushion-shaped sponge, 40 × 20 ×
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<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7FFFFDFB878EF7FBB765E3" box="[1048,1128,1758,1782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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diameter, body attached to substratum (
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B7FFFFDFEBE8F28FEA5640C" box="[289,378,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis pulvillus sp. nov. A. Preserved sample; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x 10); D. Diods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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). Surface smooth with few oscules,
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<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7FFFFDFC938F2BFC93640F" box="[780,844,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, randomly scattered on the surface of the sponge. Texture firm, rubbery to the touch, barely compressible, difficult to tear. Colour in life, liver brownish yellow; in preservative, pale brown-yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7FFFFDFF588F44FBB464E4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1649,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7FFFFDFF588F44FEF16490" bold="true" box="[199,302,1901,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Skeleton</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B7FFFFDFEDD8F44FE1B6490" box="[322,452,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis pulvillus sp. nov. A. Preserved sample; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x 10); D. Diods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651452/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
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). Choanosomal skeleton is confused, consisting of diods in three size classes. The diplodal canal system is richly developed and extends into the ectosome. Larger diods appear in the choanosome whereas the smaller diods are found at the base of the choanosome or within the subdermal cavities. The ectosomal skeleton is poorly developed with a palisade of smaller diods. Basal cavities are absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FE9A66022B7EFFFCFF088F3AFA9D643F" box="[151,1346,1811,1833]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1811,1833]" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1790]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7EFFFCFF088F3AFA9D643F" blockId="9.[151,1346,1811,1833]" box="[151,1346,1811,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7EFFFCFF088F3AFECD643E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1811,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7EFFFCFE868F3AFE0C643F" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,467,1811,1833]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7EFFFCFE868F3AFE0C643F" box="[281,467,1811,1833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plakortis pulvillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7EFFFCFE458F3AFDF5643E" bold="true" box="[474,554,1811,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7EFFFCFE458F3AFDF5643E" box="[474,554,1811,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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A. Preserved sample; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x 10); D. Diods.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7EFFFCFF588F79FF3964A7" blockId="9.[151,1436,1872,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7EFFFCFF588F79FEF6647F" bold="true" box="[199,297,1872,1897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spicules</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B7EFFFCFEA38F79FE48647F" box="[316,407,1872,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1790]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis pulvillus sp. nov. A. Preserved sample; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x 10); D. Diods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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). Diods, irregular and lumpy in places with centrally located double kinks, in three size classes: I) 106 (91–115) × 3 (3) µm, n = 10; II) 64 (42–78) × 2 (2) µm, n = 10; III) 22 (8–32) × 1(1), n = 10. Triods absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7EFFFCFF588F95FAF064C2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1872,2005]" box="[199,1327,1980,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B7EFFFCFF588F95FD5364C3" bold="true" box="[199,652,1980,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Substratum, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
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This sponge was found on a rocky ledge at a depth of
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCE3FD032B7EFFFCFB708F94FAF064C2" box="[1263,1327,1981,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7EFFFCFB708F94FAF464C2" box="[1263,1323,1981,2005]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7DFFFFFF5888BEFB2963A6" box="[199,1270,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF5888BEFB2963A6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,1270,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF5888BEFE9163A6" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the small, cushion-shaped morphology of this species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBA388BEFB3563A6" authority=", Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[1084,1258,151,176]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBA388BEFB4363A6" box="[1084,1180,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
, Latin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7DFFFFFF588895FD40602E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588895FDC1629E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF588895FEE463C3" bold="true" box="[199,315,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE4B8895FDE463C3" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[468,571,188,213]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE4B8895FDE463C3" box="[468,571,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes 29 valid species (Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFBBC8895FB2763C2" author="Soest" box="[1059,1272,188,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref50982" refString="Soest, R. W. M Van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. & Downey, R. (2017) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 5 December 2017)" type="url" year="2017">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBF18894FB7963C3" box="[1134,1190,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is allegedly cosmopolitan in distribution, with 14 species in the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFB0C88F6FA4863EE" author="Domingos" box="[1171,1431,223,248]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Domingos" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="530 - 544" refId="ref43417" refString="Domingos, C., Moraes, F. & Muricy, G. (2013) Four new species of Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3718 (6), 530 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3718.6.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Domingos
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFA8B88C8FA9563EE" box="[1300,1354,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFF08892DFEB2620B" author="Vicente" box="[151,365,260,285]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vicente" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="209" refId="ref52377" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S. & Hill, R. T. (2016) Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera). Zootaxa, 4178 (2), 209. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.2.3" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF6C892CFEFB620B" box="[243,292,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE33892DFDB4620A" author="Soest" box="[428,619,260,285]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref50982" refString="Soest, R. W. M Van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. & Downey, R. (2017) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 5 December 2017)" type="url" year="2017">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE70892CFDFF620B" box="[495,544,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Species belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC40892DFB99620B" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[991,1094,260,285]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC40892DFB99620B" box="[991,1094,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a valuable source of novel cyclic peroxides, pyrroloacridine alkaloids and polyketides with biologically active properties (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFB6E890EFF0C6272" author="Muricy & Diaz" firstAuthor="Muricy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref47661" refString="Muricy, G. & Diaz, M. C. (2002) Order Homosclerophorida Dendy, 1905. Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Fol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 71 - 82 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 6" type="book chapter" year="2002">Muricy & Diaz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFF408965FEAB6272" author="Muricy" box="[223,372,332,357]" firstAuthor="Muricy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref47769" refString="Muricy, G. (2011) Diversity of Indo-Australian Plakortis (Demospongiae: Plakinidae), with description of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (2), 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410000743" type="journal article" year="2011">Muricy 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE1D8965FD806273" author="Vicente" box="[386,607,332,357]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vicente" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="209" refId="ref52377" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S. & Hill, R. T. (2016) Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera). Zootaxa, 4178 (2), 209. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.2.3" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE7F8964FDCE6273" box="[480,529,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This chemical diversity makes the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBD48965FB6D6273" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[1099,1202,332,357]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBD48965FB6D6273" box="[1099,1202,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
an interesting target group for pharmacological studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF5889BDFDDE61BE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Five species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFEF989BDFCFC62BA" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1993" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[358,803,404,429]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="copiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFEF989BDFDF262BA" box="[358,557,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis copiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFDA989BDFCFC62BA" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[566,803,404,429]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFCAE89BCFB6E62BA" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1993" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[817,1201,404,429]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kenyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFCAE89BCFC6462BB" box="[817,955,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. kenyensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFC5B89BDFB6E62BA" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[964,1201,404,429]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFB2089BCFF0C62C6" authority="Levi, 1958" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1958" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erythraena">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFB2089BCFA8762BB" box="[1215,1368,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. erythraena</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFAFD89BDFF0C62C6" author="Levi" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="3 - 46" refId="ref46837" refString="Levi, C. (1958) Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la Calypso'. Fascicule III. V. Campagne 1951 - 1952 en Mer Rouge. 5. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la Calypso' (1951 - 1952). Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 34, 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF418990FE6362C6" authority="Levi, 1953" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1953" box="[222,444,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF418990FEE862C6" box="[222,311,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFEA0899EFE6362C6" author="Levi" box="[319,444,439,464]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="853 - 855" refId="ref46773" refString="Levi, C. (1953) Sur une nouvelle classification des Demosponges. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l'Academie des sciences, Paris, 236 (8), 853 - 855." type="journal article" year="1953">Lévi, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE578990FD3E62C6" authority="Schulze, 1880" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[456,737,439,464]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE578990FDE662C6" box="[456,569,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFDDD899EFD3E62C6" author="Schulze" box="[578,737,439,464]" firstAuthor="Schulze" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="407 - 451" refId="ref49281" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1880) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Spongien. Neunte Mittheilung. Die Plakiniden. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 34 (2), 407 - 451." type="journal article" year="1880">Schulze, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC998990FBEA62C6" authority="de Laubenfels, 1954" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1954" box="[774,1077,439,464]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC998990FC9862C6" box="[774,839,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. lita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFCD0899EFBEA62C6" author="Laubenfels, M. W. de" box="[847,1077,439,464]" firstAuthor="de Laubenfels" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 248" refId="ref46377" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1954) The Sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Zoology, 7, i-x + 1 - 306, pls. I-XII, pp. 247 - 248, fig. 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6516" type="book chapter" year="1954">de Laubenfels, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are recorded from the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE7F89F5FD0A62E2" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[480,725,476,501]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFCCE89F4FC1B62E2" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[849,964,477,500]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="copiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFCCE89F4FC1B62E2" box="[849,964,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. copiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC6189F4FB5862E3" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[1022,1159,476,501]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kenyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC6189F4FB5862E3" box="[1022,1159,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. kenyensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFAB689F4FA4362E3" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[1321,1436,476,501]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFAB689F4FA4362E3" box="[1321,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFF478A29FEFB610E" box="[216,292,512,536]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFEE289D6FDFA610E" author="Thomas" box="[381,549,511,536]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref51483" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1973) Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Serie in 8 vo, Sciences zoologiques, 203, 1 - 96, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1973">Thomas (1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFDAA89D6FDA1610E" author="Thomas" box="[565,638,511,536]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref51709" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979 b) Studies on sponges of the Mozambique channel. I. Sponges of the Inhaca Island. II. Sponges of Mambone and Paradise Islands. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 227, 1 - 73, pls. I-III." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">1979b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFD118A29FD18610E" author="Thomas" box="[654,711,512,536]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref51860" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1981) A second collection of marine Demospongiae from Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren. Sciences zoologiques, 233, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFCD88A28FC63610E" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[839,956,511,536]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFCD88A28FC63610E" box="[839,956,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mahe Island in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFB6E89D6FAB6610E" box="[1265,1385,511,536]" name="Seychelles" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Paradise Island in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFEF98A0DFE22612B" box="[358,509,548,573]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFD038A0DFCFE612B" author="Levi" box="[668,801,548,573]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref46808" refString="Levi, C. (1956) Spongiaires des cotes de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (A), 10, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1956">Lévi (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC038A0CFB9F612B" box="[924,1088,548,573]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erythraeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC038A0CFB9F612B" box="[924,1088,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. erythraeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBE88A0CFB0F612A" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1953" box="[1143,1232,549,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBE88A0CFB0F612A" box="[1143,1232,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Red Sea and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFF578A61FE516176" author="Soest, R. W. M. van" box="[200,398,584,608]" firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref50175" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1994) Sponges of the Seychelles. In: van der Land, J. (Ed.) Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles: report on a cruise of RF Tyro to the Seychelles in 1992 and 1993. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, pp. 65 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 1986 - 3 _ 9" type="book chapter" year="1994">Van Soest (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE628A60FD9F6176" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1954" box="[509,576,583,608]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE628A60FD9F6176" box="[509,576,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. lita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFD2A8A6EFCEF6176" box="[693,816,583,608]" name="Seychelles" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This is the first record of the genus in South African waters (Delagoa ecoregion), although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFDC58A44FD0F6193" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[602,720,620,645]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDC58A44FD0F6193" box="[602,720,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded further north by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFB168A45FAE36192" author="Thomas, P. A." box="[1161,1340,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="10 - 16" refId="ref51663" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979 a) Demospongiae of Minicoy Island (Indian Ocean) Part 1 - orders Keratosida and Haplosclerida. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 21 (1 - 2), 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="1979">Thomas (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, around Paradise Island in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFEFA8AA6FE2261BE" box="[357,509,655,680]" name="Mozambique" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588A9DFD40602E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFF588A9DFEAB61DA" author="Schulze" box="[199,372,692,717]" firstAuthor="Schulze" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="407 - 451" refId="ref49281" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1880) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Spongien. Neunte Mittheilung. Die Plakiniden. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 34 (2), 407 - 451." type="journal article" year="1880">Schulze (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDF58A9CFCA761DA" box="[618,888,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFDF58A9CFCF961DA" box="[618,806,692,717]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="simplex" subSpecies="sensu">
|
||
P. simplex
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFD778A9CFCF961DA" box="[744,806,693,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as a thin encrustation (maximum
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7DFFFFFA998A9DFA9561DA" box="[1286,1354,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick), light-coloured (light brown, tan, yellow or white) with diods (
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7DFFFFFCD68AFEFC1461E6" box="[841,971,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="60.0">60–150 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) and triods (actines
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7DFFFFFB778AFEFA8561E6" box="[1256,1370,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="20.0">20–50 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) as spicules. In contract,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE318AD4FDF36003" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[430,556,764,789]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE318AD4FDF36003" box="[430,556,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDA98AD5FD4D6003" bold="true" box="[566,658,764,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFDA98AD5FD4D6003" box="[566,658,764,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is thickly encrusting (cushion-shaped), dark-coloured (liver-brown) with only diods (
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7DFFFFFECB8B36FE09602E" box="[340,470,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="64.0" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="22.0">22–106 µm</quantity>
|
||
long) as spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7DFFFFFF588B6DFD3666F2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588B6DFBA8674E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF588B6DFD13604A" ID-CoL="4JJ35" authority="sensu Pulitzer-Finali (1993)" authorityName="sensu Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[199,716,836,861]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF588B6DFE0E604A" box="[199,465,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis simplex sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE478B6DFD13604A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[472,716,836,861]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFCE38B6CFC17604B" box="[892,968,837,861]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC4C8B6CFABC604A" ID-CoL="4JJ2V" authority="sensu Van Soest (1994" authorityName="sensu Van Soest" authorityYear="1994" box="[979,1379,836,861]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC4C8B6CFB84604A" box="[979,1115,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. lita sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFBFC8B6CFAC0604A" author="Soest, R. W. M. van" box="[1123,1311,836,860]" firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref50175" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1994) Sponges of the Seychelles. In: van der Land, J. (Ed.) Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles: report on a cruise of RF Tyro to the Seychelles in 1992 and 1993. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, pp. 65 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 1986 - 3 _ 9" type="book chapter" year="1994">Van Soest (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFAB58B6DFABC604A" author="Van Soest" box="[1322,1379,836,860]" firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="95 - 106" refId="ref50098" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) Distribution of sponges on the Mauritanian continental shelf. In: Wolff, W. J., van der Land, J., Nienhuis, P. H. & de Wilde, P. A. W. J. (Eds.), Ecological studies in the coastal waters of Mauritania. Hydrobiologia, 258, 95 - 106." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF088B40FDCC6096" ID-CoL="4JJ2H" authority="(Pulitzer-Finali, 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[151,531,871,896]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="copiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF088B40FED36096" box="[151,268,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. copiosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE818B4EFDD46096" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[286,523,871,896]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in external morphology to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC488B40FB896096" ID-CoL="85X2G" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[983,1110,871,896]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC488B40FB896096" box="[983,1110,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBFF8B4EFB626096" bold="true" box="[1120,1213,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFBFF8B4EFB626096" box="[1120,1213,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, all being cushionshaped and brown in colouration. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFD188BA4FBE960B2" ID-CoL="4JJ35" authority="sensu Pulitzer-Finali (1993)" authorityName="sensu Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[647,1078,908,933]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFD188BA4FCE260B2" box="[647,829,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFCDB8BA5FBE960B2" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[836,1078,908,933]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses diods and rare triods,
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B7DFFFFFF088B86FEC560DE" box="[151,282,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="105.0" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="95.0">95–115 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE068B98FCBF60DE" ID-CoL="4JJ35" authority="sensu Thomas (1973" authorityName="sensu Thomas" authorityYear="1973" box="[409,864,943,968]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE068B98FE7860DE" box="[409,423,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE278B86FD8960DE" box="[440,598,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">simplex sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFDFF8B86FCD760DE" author="Thomas" box="[608,776,943,968]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref51483" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1973) Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Serie in 8 vo, Sciences zoologiques, 203, 1 - 96, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1973">Thomas (1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFC888B86FCBF60DE" author="Thomas" box="[791,864,943,968]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref51709" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979 b) Studies on sponges of the Mozambique channel. I. Sponges of the Inhaca Island. II. Sponges of Mambone and Paradise Islands. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 227, 1 - 73, pls. I-III." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">1979b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFCF18B99FC7860DE" author="Thomas" box="[878,935,944,968]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref51860" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1981) A second collection of marine Demospongiae from Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren. Sciences zoologiques, 233, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) possesses triods in variable abundance, in addition to diods.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFEC08BFDFDFC60FA" ID-CoL="4JJ2H" baseAuthorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[351,547,980,1005]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="copiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFEC08BFDFDFC60FA" box="[351,547,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis copiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFDF98BFCFD7060FB" box="[614,687,981,1005]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
possesses triods that are more numerous than diods while no triods have been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE078BD0FDCA6706" ID-CoL="85X2G" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[408,533,1015,1040]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE078BD0FDCA6706" box="[408,533,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFD848BDEFDAA6706" bold="true" box="[539,629,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFD848BDEFDAA6706" box="[539,629,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFDE38BDEFCD06706" ID-CoL="4JJ2V" authorityName="sensu Van Soest" authorityYear="1994" box="[636,783,1015,1040]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDE38BDEFCD06706" box="[636,783,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis lita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses numerous microrhabds, a character only shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF508C34FD6A6722" ID-CoL="4JJ2W" authority="Moraes & Muricy, 2003" authorityName="Moraes & Muricy" authorityYear="2003" box="[207,693,1052,1077]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microrhabdifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF508C34FE7E6723" box="[207,417,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. microrhabdifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE378C34FD6A6722" author="Moraes & Muricy" box="[424,693,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Moraes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="385 - 397" refId="ref47389" refString="Moraes, F. C. & Muricy, G. (2003) Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands off northeastern Brazil, with description of three new species. Journal of the marine biological association of the UK, 83, 385 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315403007239 h" type="journal article" year="2003">Moraes & Muricy, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFCF48C35FC6C6723" box="[875,947,1052,1077]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The absence of triods (and microrhabds) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF088C68FECD674E" ID-CoL="85X2G" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,274,1087,1112]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF088C68FECD674E" box="[151,274,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE858C16FEAC674E" bold="true" box="[282,371,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFE858C16FEAC674E" box="[282,371,1087,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
does not place it among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFD2B8C68FCFA674E" ID-CoL="4JJ35" authorityName="sensu Thomas" authorityYear="1973" box="[692,805,1087,1112]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFD2B8C68FCFA674E" box="[692,805,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFC4B8C16FBB5674E" author="Muricy" box="[980,1130,1087,1112]" firstAuthor="Muricy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref47769" refString="Muricy, G. (2011) Diversity of Indo-Australian Plakortis (Demospongiae: Plakinidae), with description of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (2), 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410000743" type="journal article" year="2011">Muricy 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588C4CFD3666F2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFEE18C4DFE3A676B" ID-CoL="84SBK" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[382,485,1124,1149]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFEE18C4DFE3A676B" box="[382,485,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have restricted distributions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFCAD8C4DFC17676A" author="Muricy" box="[818,968,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Muricy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref47769" refString="Muricy, G. (2011) Diversity of Indo-Australian Plakortis (Demospongiae: Plakinidae), with description of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (2), 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410000743" type="journal article" year="2011">Muricy 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFC4C8C4DFB16676A" author="Domingos" box="[979,1225,1124,1149]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Domingos" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="530 - 544" refId="ref43417" refString="Domingos, C., Moraes, F. & Muricy, G. (2013) Four new species of Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3718 (6), 530 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3718.6.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Domingos
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBD08C4CFB5F676B" box="[1103,1152,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and low dispersal abilities, which raises the question of whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFD538CA0FC9B67B6" ID-CoL="4JJ35" authorityName="sensu Thomas" authorityYear="1973" box="[716,836,1159,1184]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFD538CA0FC9B67B6" box="[716,836,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the western Mediterranean and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFA8F8CA0FA8867B6" ID-CoL="4JJ2V" authorityName="sensu Van Soest" authorityYear="1994" box="[1296,1367,1159,1184]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFA8F8CA0FA8867B6" box="[1296,1367,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. lita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B7DFFFFFF088C85FECA67D3" box="[151,277,1196,1221]" name="Micronesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are really present in the WIO. Both species were reported in the WIO with short or no descriptions (e.g. see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFF5A8CE6FEBB67FE" author="Thomas" box="[197,356,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref51483" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1973) Marine Demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Serie in 8 vo, Sciences zoologiques, 203, 1 - 96, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFEEC8CE6FE6367FE" author="Thomas" box="[371,444,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref51709" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979 b) Studies on sponges of the Mozambique channel. I. Sponges of the Inhaca Island. II. Sponges of Mambone and Paradise Islands. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, 227, 1 - 73, pls. I-III." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">1979b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE548CF9FDD967FE" author="Thomas" box="[459,518,1232,1256]" firstAuthor="Thomas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref51860" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1981) A second collection of marine Demospongiae from Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren. Sciences zoologiques, 233, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFD8A8CE6FD2367FE" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[533,764,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Pulitzer-Finali" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="247 - 350" refId="ref48016" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria' 89, RAHIM, M. A. 1979. Porifera. Publications Saudi Biological Society, 3 (46), 247 - 350" type="journal article" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFC948CF9FC1A67FE" author="Soest, R. W. M. van" box="[779,965,1232,1256]" firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref50175" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1994) Sponges of the Seychelles. In: van der Land, J. (Ed.) Oceanic reefs of the Seychelles: report on a cruise of RF Tyro to the Seychelles in 1992 and 1993. National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, pp. 65 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 011 - 1986 - 3 _ 9" type="book chapter" year="1994">Van Soest 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On biogeographical grounds alone, the occurrence of any European species in the Western Indian Ocean is highly improbable.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBF28CDDFAE3661B" ID-CoL="85X2G" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1133,1340,1268,1293]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBF28CDDFAE3661B" box="[1133,1340,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFADD8CDDFA43661B" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFADD8CDDFA43661B" box="[1346,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is grouped under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFEF88D3EFE116626" ID-CoL="84SBK" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[359,462,1303,1328]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFEF88D3EFE116626" box="[359,462,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with only diods, which include three species, that is,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBCF8D30FB736626" ID-CoL="6MWZ8" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1953" box="[1104,1196,1305,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBCF8D30FB736626" box="[1104,1196,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFB218D30FEE06642" ID-CoL="4JJ2Q" authority="(Wilson, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFB218D30FA436626" box="[1214,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
(Wilson, 1902)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFEEA8D14FCD06642" ID-CoL="4JJ38" authority="(de Laubenfels, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[373,783,1340,1365]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zyggompha">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFEEA8D14FDCF6643" box="[373,528,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. zyggompha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFD818D15FCD86642" author="Laubenfels, M. W. de" box="[542,775,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="de Laubenfels" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref46278" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91 (17), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">de Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFCC88D14FBEF6643" ID-CoL="4JJ2Q" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[855,1072,1340,1365]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFCC88D14FBEF6643" box="[855,1072,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBF98D14FADE6643" ID-CoL="4JJ38" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1126,1281,1340,1365]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zyggompha">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBF98D14FADE6643" box="[1126,1281,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. zyggompha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described from the Caribbean region, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFDDD8D48FD41666E" ID-CoL="6MWZ8" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1953" box="[578,670,1377,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDDD8D48FD41666E" box="[578,670,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are decribed from the southern Red Sea. These records represent complexes of cryptic species and the WIO populations probably deserve new species names. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFA188DACFF3166D6" ID-CoL="4JJ2H" baseAuthorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="copiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFA188DACFF3166D6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. copiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF648D80FE5E66D6" ID-CoL="6VN7M" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1993" box="[251,385,1447,1472]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kenyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF648D80FE5E66D6" box="[251,385,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. kenyensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFE108D80FDFA66D6" ID-CoL="4JJ2M" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1958" box="[399,549,1447,1472]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erythraena">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFE108D80FDFA66D6" box="[399,549,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. erythraena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFDC58D80FD7166D6" ID-CoL="6MWZ8" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1953" box="[602,686,1449,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Iotrochotidae" genus="Iotrochota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDC58D80FD7166D6" box="[602,686,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much more restricted than that of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFBEC8D80FB3C66D6" ID-CoL="4JJ35" authorityName="sensu Thomas" authorityYear="1973" box="[1139,1251,1447,1472]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFBEC8D80FB3C66D6" box="[1139,1251,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, which occurs in five ecoregions (see Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFD828DE5FD0266F2" author="Soest" box="[541,733,1484,1509]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Soest" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref50982" refString="Soest, R. W. M Van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. & Downey, R. (2017) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 5 December 2017)" type="url" year="2017">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFDFE8DE4FD4D66F3" box="[609,658,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7DFFFFFF588DC6FC0C658E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588DC6FC0C658E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
This conspecific character within the genus is due to the simple and non-diagnostic nature of their skeleton and external morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFE118E3DFD43653A" author="Moraes & Muricy" box="[398,668,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Moraes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="385 - 397" refId="ref47389" refString="Moraes, F. C. & Muricy, G. (2003) Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands off northeastern Brazil, with description of three new species. Journal of the marine biological association of the UK, 83, 385 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315403007239 h" type="journal article" year="2003">Moraes & Muricy 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and hence, more stringent examinations of these specimens/species are needed. Considering the generally poor larval dispersal potential of sponges (Maldonado &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFB788E1EFA476546" author="Bergquist" box="[1255,1432,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Bergquist" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1094 - 1096" refId="ref41384" refString="Bergquist, P. R. & Cook, S. D. C. (2002) Family Aplysinellidae Bergquist, 1980. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Fol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 1094 - 1096. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 112" type="book chapter" year="2002">Bergquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B7DFFFFFF088E75FEED6562" author="Muricy" box="[151,306,1628,1653]" firstAuthor="Muricy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref47769" refString="Muricy, G. (2011) Diversity of Indo-Australian Plakortis (Demospongiae: Plakinidae), with description of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (2), 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410000743" type="journal article" year="2011">Muricy 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the differences in spicule complement and dimensions between morphologically similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFF6A8EA8FEAE658E" authority="Samaai & Pillay & Janson, 2019" authorityName="Samaai & Pillay & Janson" authorityYear="2019" box="[245,369,1663,1688]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pulvillus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF6A8EA8FEAE658E" box="[245,369,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83A257E32B7DFFFFFEE68E56FE0D658E" box="[377,466,1663,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFEE68E56FE0D658E" bold="true" box="[377,466,1663,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B7DFFFFFC928E56FCAC658E" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[781,883,1663,1688]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFC928E56FCAC658E" box="[781,883,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7DFFFFFF588E8DFD4665F6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588E8DFDDC65AB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,515,1700,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B7DFFFFFF588E8DFDDC65AB" bold="true" box="[199,515,1700,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Key diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588EE0FD4665F6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,665,1735,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">• Sponge small, thinly cushion-shaped.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B7DFFFFFF588EC4FE4C645B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588EC4FD996413" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,582,1772,1797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">• Diods in three size categories.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588F38FDC0643E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,543,1807,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">• Diods often double kinked</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B7DFFFFFF588F1CFE4C645B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1869]" box="[199,403,1844,1869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">• Triods absent.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |