185 lines
21 KiB
XML
185 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="CDA24E7C527E143F49E62AE27099B988" ID-CLB-Dataset="26978" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4587.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30b2e4dc-5996-46b6-8be8-7bccdd041563" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2651448" ID-ZooBank="CC6CDA5A-E283-49AD-9F31-CE95C123A379" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556225796868" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Pillay, Ruwen & Janson, Liesl" docDate="2019" docId="224C879C2B4BFFC9FF088A7CFE5B66E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4587.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4587 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="DE75FFE42B77FFF5FF9F8829FFDF6316" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698723615903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="304FEFC6AACF0A07F5B88A2BE8D58C5E">Shallow-water Demospongiae (Porifera) from Sodwana Bay, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="76C9F36072838C9BFB745E86B9E30826" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F0409BCB35D4F8DE52147B1A900A6E93">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EDD0C9DDCD2790A812DC80F359CCABDB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="011A6E6D1DF1A81C96BD8CB45E7579F4">Pillay, Ruwen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E9C8CE1F21C958613E7FB3B25AA83437" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AED7B2CF1535F57BB1C2F76C9F44E09D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5001D7EE85F61993B5F457402154E6E9">Janson, Liesl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B8DA874DB30DC26C4734392C65F842E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7B4C40D008BF439213A240F5F53CFD59">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C8D5E94E4E3FEF3C0263C3FE7F925F3F">
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<mods:date id="D739971311B61F015F96508089A77E6E">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="259932EC20BF9BBF3C70AF0DC70A3F76">2019-04-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="55781D90FAB2C2C8A4ACF56BBEC8B7A7">4587</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E3A4103D5E642D81A62A0979F313CA5D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4587.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="224C879C2B4BFFC9FF088A7CFE5B66E6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156843797" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:224C879C2B4BFFC9FF088A7CFE5B66E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/224C879C2B4BFFC9FF088A7CFE5B66E6" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF088A7CFCDE6179" box="[151,769,597,623]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF088A7CFCDE6179" blockId="60.[151,769,597,656]" box="[151,769,597,623]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="F11281E62B4BFFC9FF088A7CFCDE6179" bold="true" box="[151,769,597,623]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B4BFFC9FF088A7CFCDE6179" ID-CoL="PWMT" authority="(Ridley, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,769,597,623]" class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diffusa" subGenus="Cladochalina">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF088A7CFCDE6179" bold="true" box="[151,769,597,623]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF088A7CFD916179" bold="true" box="[151,590,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B4BFFC9FDC28A7CFD266179" author="Ridley" box="[605,761,597,623]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="366 - 482" refId="ref48144" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. Alert 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London. Istituti Biologici della Universita di Genova, 58 - 59, 69 - 75, pp. 366 - 482 + 582 - 635." type="journal article" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF088A5EFEF06186" box="[151,303,631,656]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF088A5EFEF06186" blockId="60.[151,769,597,656]" box="[151,303,631,656]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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(
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B4BFFC9FF008A5EFF2F6186" box="[159,240,631,656]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa (Ridley, 1884). A. In situ; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x10); D. Oxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651502/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF088A96FB1661EA" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF088A96FB1661EA" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF088A96FE5E61CE" bold="true" box="[151,385,703,728]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="1A8D3CD72B4BFFC9FE178AE9FB1661EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236964319" collectingDate="2003-11-06" collectionCode="SAMC-A" collectorName="T. Samaai" country="South Africa" elevation="30" latitude="-27.5167" location="Deep-sponge" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.6835" municipality="Sodwana Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="SAMC-A24778" specimenCount="30">
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<specimenCode id="FA439EF12B4BFFC9FE178AE9FDE061CE" box="[392,575,704,728]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">SAMC–A24778</specimenCode>
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(cross-reference TS 861 & Saf 03-Sod77),
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<location id="AF3A60512B4BFFC9FBB38AE9FB1F61CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:224C879C2B4BFFC9FF088A7CFE5B66E6:AF3A60512B4BFFC9FBB38AE9FB1F61CE" box="[1068,1216,704,728]" country="South Africa" latitude="-27.5167" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.6835" municipality="Sodwana Bay" name="Deep-sponge" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Deep-sponge</location>
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reef,
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<collectingMunicipality id="4A3EACF02B4BFFC9FA9E8A96FA4361CE" box="[1281,1436,703,728]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sodwana Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="CFD1504D2B4BFFC9FF008ACDFEC761EB" box="[159,280,740,765]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="-27.5167">27.5167°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CFD1504D2B4BFFC9FEBB8ACDFE4061EB" box="[292,415,740,765]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="5" value="32.6835">32.6835°E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B4BFFC9FE2C8ACDFD9A61EB" box="[435,581,740,765]" name="South Africa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 0
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<date id="DE5B104A2B4BFFC9FDC08ACDFCF461EA" box="[607,811,740,765]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2003-11-06">
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<collectingDate id="CE1FE9A22B4BFFC9FDC08ACDFCF461EA" box="[607,811,740,765]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2003-11-06">6 November 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, collected by
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<collectorName id="0710535C2B4BFFC9FC598ACCFBE761EB" box="[966,1080,740,765]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">T. Samaai</collectorName>
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, depth
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<specimenCount id="BCE3FD032B4BFFC9FB168ACDFB1661EA" box="[1161,1225,740,764]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="generic">
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<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B4BFFC9FB168ACDFB1B61EA" box="[1161,1220,740,764]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="30.0">
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<elevation id="21C8D1B92B4BFFC9FB168ACDFB1B61EA" box="[1161,1220,740,764]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF588B2EFC6267BB" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588B2EFADE607E" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588B2EFE866036" bold="true" box="[199,345,775,800]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
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Branching sponge with coalescent tubes, rising from a common base (
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B4BFFC9FBF38B2EFB0B6036" box="[1132,1236,775,800]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa (Ridley, 1884). A. In situ; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x10); D. Oxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651502/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
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). Surface smooth, finely hispid with numerous oscules,
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<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B4BFFC9FDA68B05FDA66052" box="[569,633,812,836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, evenly scattered on the surface of the sponge. Texture firm but spongy, velvety to the touch, compressible. Colour in life pale pink-white; in preservative, white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588B5DFB00670B" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588B5DFEF1609B" bold="true" box="[199,302,884,909]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Skeleton</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B4BFFC9FEDF8B5DFE15609A" box="[320,458,884,909]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa (Ridley, 1884). A. In situ; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x10); D. Oxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651502/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26B, C</figureCitation>
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). Choanosomal skeleton is a regular network of rectangular meshes,
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<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B4BFFC9FB738B5DFAA2609B" box="[1260,1405,884,909]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.925" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="292.5" valueMax="345.0" valueMin="240.0">240–345 µm</quantity>
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in diameter, formed by primary multispicular fibres, 123 (67–96) µm thick, which are connected perpendicularly by multispicular secondary fibres and showing no fasciculation. Spongin is sparsely scattered in the choanosome, but the multispicular fibres are covered with sponging sheath. The ectosomal skeleton is a plumoreticulation of protruding spicules and is an extension of the primary spiculation formed within the choanosome.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588C0EFF0E6772" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588C0EFE176756" bold="true" box="[199,456,1063,1088]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Spicules. Megascleres</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="32DE2A0F2B4BFFC9FE488C0EFD9F6756" box="[471,576,1063,1088]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1435,409,1957]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 26. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa (Ridley, 1884). A. In situ; B & C. Skeletal architecture (B, x5; C, x10); D. Oxeas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2651502/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
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). Oxeas, smooth, curved and sharply pointed, 107 (101–113) × 5 (5–7) µm, n = 10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588C46FB716791" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" box="[199,1198,1135,1160]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588C46FD5B679E" bold="true" box="[199,644,1135,1160]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Substratum, depth range and ecology</emphasis>
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||
. Found growing on coral spp. at a depth of
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<specimenCount id="BCE3FD032B4BFFC9FBF18C59FB716791" box="[1134,1198,1136,1160]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="6D1D9B6F2B4BFFC9FBF18C59FB756791" box="[1134,1194,1136,1160]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588CBDFC6267BB" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" box="[199,957,1172,1197]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588CBDFE3067BB" bold="true" box="[199,495,1172,1197]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
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Sodwana Bay, east coast of
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<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B4BFFC9FCB18CBDFC6267BB" box="[814,957,1172,1197]" name="South Africa" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF588C9EFCF86676" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588C9EFCF86676" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588C9EFEE467C6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1207,1232]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B4BFFC9FEDD8C9EFC5A67C6" authority="(Ridley, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[322,901,1207,1232]" class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diffusa" subGenus="Cladochalina">
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<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FEDD8C9EFD0367C6" box="[322,732,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa</emphasis>
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||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B4BFFC9FD748C9EFCA367C6" author="Ridley" box="[747,892,1207,1232]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="366 - 482" refId="ref48144" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. Alert 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London. Istituti Biologici della Universita di Genova, 58 - 59, 69 - 75, pp. 366 - 482 + 582 - 635." type="journal article" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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is a widely distributed Indo-Pacific species and has been recorded from the Gulf of Manaar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B4BFFC9FD328CF5FC9E67E2" author="Dendy" box="[685,833,1244,1269]" firstAuthor="Dendy" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="73 - 99" refId="ref43066" refString="Dendy, A. (1889) Report on a second collection of sponges from the Gulf of Manaar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3, 73 - 99, pls. III-V. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938909460303" type="journal article" year="1889">Dendy 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East African Coral coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B4BFFC9FB148CF5FAC167E3" author="Burton" box="[1163,1310,1244,1269]" firstAuthor="Burton" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="151 - 281" refId="ref41856" refString="Burton, M. (1959) Sponges. In: Scientific Reports. John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, 10 (5). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 151 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1959">Burton 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B4BFFC9FF088CD6FEF4660E" box="[151,299,1279,1304]" name="Mozambique" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B4BFFC9FEA68CD6FE07660E" author="Thomas, P. A." box="[313,472,1279,1304]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="10 - 16" refId="ref51663" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979 a) Demospongiae of Minicoy Island (Indian Ocean) Part 1 - orders Keratosida and Haplosclerida. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 21 (1 - 2), 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="1979">Thomas 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This sponge is easily identified by its unique morphology. Our specimen agrees well with the original published description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DE54D092B4BFFC9FDF18D0DFBD6662B" baseAuthorityName="Ridley" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[622,1033,1316,1341]" class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diffusa" subGenus="Cladochalina">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FDF18D0DFBD6662B" box="[622,1033,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B4BFFC9FBD28D0DFB61662B" box="[1101,1214,1316,1341]" name="Singapore" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the subsequent description of material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2F2761A2B4BFFC9FE468D6EFDB26676" box="[473,621,1351,1376]" name="Mozambique" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE744B7B2B4BFFC9FDE48D6EFCC56676" author="Thomas, P. A." box="[635,794,1351,1376]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="10 - 16" refId="ref51663" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979 a) Demospongiae of Minicoy Island (Indian Ocean) Part 1 - orders Keratosida and Haplosclerida. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 21 (1 - 2), 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="1979">Thomas 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF588D45FCE266BE" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588D45FDDC6693" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" box="[199,515,1388,1413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="9891EA982B4BFFC9FF588D45FDDC6693" bold="true" box="[199,515,1388,1413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Key diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588DB8FCE266BE" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" box="[199,829,1423,1448]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">• Sponge branching with pale pink-white colouration.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2FF65012B4BFFC9FF588D9CFE5B66E6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588D9CFCC566DB" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" box="[199,794,1460,1485]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">• Soft with velvety texture and mauve colouration.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA5A368A2B4BFFC9FF588DF0FE5B66E6" blockId="60.[151,1436,703,1521]" box="[199,388,1497,1521]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">• Large oxeas.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |