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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" ID-ZooBank="6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-13" checkinTime="1671601504499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars &amp; Rasplus, Jean-Yves" docDate="2022" docId="1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 13-88" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" docTitle="Macromesus Walker 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" masterDocTitle="From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1671601504499" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-7939</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">burks.roger@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jansta, Petr</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-3603</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heydon, Steve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-0386</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peters, Ralph S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tselikh, Ekaterina V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9741</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-3487</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland &amp; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cruaud, Astrid</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-4199</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada &amp; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-1735</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany &amp; Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6665</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>94</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1DA5A082EC3F5BD8B67AA73255BB7119" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="1DA5A082-EC3F-5BD8-B67A-A73255BB7119" authority="new status" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1848" family="Melanosomellidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae new status</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanosomellini">Melanosomellini</taxonomicName>
Girault, 1913. Type genus:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Melanosomellidae" genus="Melanosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanosomella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melanosomella</taxonomicName>
Girault, 1913.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, including a small 4th clavomere. Eyes not divergent ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">35</figureCitation>
). Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Labrum hidden, flexible. Mandibles with 3 teeth. Subforaminal bridge with postgena separated by lower tentorial bridge, or with a short apparent postgenal bridge immediately dorsal to the hypostoma. Notauli complete. Mesoscutellum with frenum indicated laterally, either without axillular sulcus or carina, or with it greatly reduced and incomplete (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">36</figureCitation>
). Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">36</figureCitation>
). All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium, and rigidly convex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Additionally,
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
typically have a linear mesopleural sulcus that is more distinct than in most other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3136" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 31 - 36. 31, 32 Solenura sp. (Lyscicidae, Solenurinae) 31 antenna 32 mesosoma lateral 33 Macromesus sp. (Macromesidae): head frontal view 34 Macromesus amphiretus Walker (Macromesidae), propodeum 35, 36 Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Melanosomellidae) 35 head frontal 36 mesosoma lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures31-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781069" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">36</figureCitation>
), although this feature also occurs in various species from other families. There is a strong chance of confusion of
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" family="Ormyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Ormyridae</taxonomicName>
, members of the Gall Clade (Cruaud et al., submitted, van Noort et al., in prep.).
<taxonomicName family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
are very similar to
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
in habitus, but have different fore wing venation, with a nearly straight stigmal vein arising at a right angle from the wing margin. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
are strictly associated with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) as gall-makers either within figs or on leaves and twigs.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" family="Ormyridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Ormyridae</taxonomicName>
are also very similar to
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
but have an occipital carina.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
almost always have a distinct and complete axillular sulcus or carina. In species where this may not be the case, such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Nikolskayana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nikolskayana mirabilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Nikolskayana mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
, the notauli are incomplete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Encyrtocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtocephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Encyrtocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead is very similar to other genera classified in
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
, but molecular data (Cruaud et al., submitted) indicate that it may not belong inside this group. However, the only morphological features that imperfectly separate it from most
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
are a large supracoxal flange on the posterior margin of the propodeum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 37 - 42. 37 Encyrtocephalus sp. (Melanosomellidae): propodeum and supracoxal flange 38 Hansonita pertusae Boucek (Melanosomellidae): venation 39 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): antenna 40 Moranila viridivertex (Girault) (Moranilidae): mesosoma lateral view 41 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): mesosoma ventral view 42 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head lateral view and antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">37</figureCitation>
) and a distinctly curved stigmal vein. These features are shared with a few other melanosomellid genera such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Alyxiaphagus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alyxiaphagus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Alyxiaphagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Riek, with intermediates that would make diagnosis either very difficult or impossible. Therefore,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Encyrtocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtocephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Encyrtocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is kept in
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 3742" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 37-42.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">37</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Encyrtocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtocephalus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Encyrtocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
): propodeum and supracoxal flange
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">38</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Hansonita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hansonita pertusae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Hansonita pertusae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
): venation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">39</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Moranila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moranila californica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Moranila californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Howard) (
<taxonomicName family="Moranilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Moranilidae</taxonomicName>
): antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">40</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Moranila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moranila viridivertex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridivertex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Moranila viridivertex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Girault) (
<taxonomicName family="Moranilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Moranilidae</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">41</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Howard" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Moranila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moranila californica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Moranila californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Howard) (
<taxonomicName family="Moranilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Moranilidae</taxonomicName>
): mesosoma ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">42</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Neodiparidae" genus="Neodipara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neodipara masneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neodipara masneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
(
<taxonomicName family="Neodiparidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Neodiparidae</taxonomicName>
): head lateral view and antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
The fig associate species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Moranilidae" genus="Hansonita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hansonita pertusae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Hansonita pertusae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
new placement is transferred here because its fore wing venation resembles that of
<taxonomicName family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3742" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 37 - 42. 37 Encyrtocephalus sp. (Melanosomellidae): propodeum and supracoxal flange 38 Hansonita pertusae Boucek (Melanosomellidae): venation 39 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): antenna 40 Moranila viridivertex (Girault) (Moranilidae): mesosoma lateral view 41 Moranila californica (Howard) (Moranilidae): mesosoma ventral view 42 Neodipara masneri Boucek (Neodiparidae): head lateral view and antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures37-42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781070" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">38</figureCitation>
) more strongly than that of
<taxonomicName family="Epichrysomallidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Epichrysomallidae</taxonomicName>
or other fig associates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>