280 lines
40 KiB
XML
280 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="BA831567A681A01BDAC94905513A2B75" ID-CLB-Dataset="27726" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7c7a589-9f74-4546-9a7b-c3192b9659e5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2615911" ID-ZooBank="2C72727B-79C5-407F-BD92-B12F98196800" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553789058718" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2018" docId="193787A0FFACFFCFF4CBFC6F4543CAEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4539.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4539 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plinthaster untiedtae Mah 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="E50EFFD8FFE2FF9FF45CFFC04464CA17" masterDocTitle="New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1698715174966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3414A17C692C6A6E69D24615D637DB7B">
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<mods:title id="ECB650E1C6887DC018E87E5EEB7A7E03">New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="26215EAC62DE4815C84B783BBBB4065A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D1745FD20186280EB2DE737B188D43F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="95796692C0D4F6093F5BB147B86BAAB4">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EC06FEFEFCB19984E870E956ADB85C9F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="500ED34205EDD72513F236C3AD257295">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5749553BE37B447FEFEA0BAEF2CB9BE5">
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<mods:date id="C41E041FF337EB8D7AE8E2BD67FE2F2A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E256CF5FFBF1CB142374310CB7AF9091">2018-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5E24417E0C1412B2D7F84EE209279114">4539</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="94848FC781F5B99C6EB5A1830CA3E431" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="003668D6D671F02399A1510D500F2C50" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="193787A0FFACFFCFF4CBFC6F4543CAEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5990829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5990829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFACFFCFF4CBFC6F4543CAEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/193787A0FFACFFCFF4CBFC6F4543CAEF" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFACFFD1F4CBFC6F45B9C9DD" box="[151,477,943,970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F4CBFC6F45B9C9DD" blockId="78.[151,477,943,1003]" box="[151,477,943,970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="CA6981DAFFACFFD1F4CBFC6F45B9C9DD" bold="true" box="[151,477,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F4CBFC6F45B9C9DD" bold="true" box="[151,477,943,970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F4CBFC6F45F0C9DE" ID-CoL="4KG98" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,404,943,969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="untiedtae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F4CBFC6F45F0C9DE" bold="true" box="[151,404,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Plinthaster untiedtae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFACFFD1F5C7FC7045B9C9DD" box="[411,477,944,970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFACFFD1F4CBFC124559C9FC" box="[151,317,978,1003]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F4CBFC124559C9FC" blockId="78.[151,477,943,1003]" box="[151,317,978,1003]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFACFFD1F4CBFC124567C9FC" box="[151,259,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figure 30</figureCitation>
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A–E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFACFFD1F4CBFBDA46C1CE40" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F4CBFBDA46C1CE40" blockId="78.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F4CBFBDA457ACE24" bold="true" box="[151,286,1050,1075]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name honors colleague Dr. Candice Untiedt, at the University of Tasmania, formerly of the Iziko Museum in
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<collectingRegion id="535AF854FFACFFD1F5DAFBFF45DBCE40" box="[390,447,1087,1111]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Town
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<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFACFFD1F651FBFE46C5CE40" box="[525,673,1086,1111]" name="South Africa" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFACFFD1F49BFBA24615CF1C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F49BFBA24615CF1C" blockId="78.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F49BFBA2455ECE6C" bold="true" box="[199,314,1122,1147]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Body weakly stellate (R/r=1.34–1.4) with curved to straight interradial arcs (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFACFFD1F0C3FBA24147CE6C" box="[1183,1315,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30A,D</figureCitation>
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). Marginal plates six per interradius, superomarginals strongly convex (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFACFFD1F734FB46479ACE88" box="[872,1022,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30A, C</figureCitation>
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). Distalmost superomarginal plates enlarged, irregularly polygonal in shape (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFACFFD1F62EFB6A46B8CED4" box="[626,732,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
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). Furrow spines six or seven, triangular to quadrate in crosssection, with angular edges, closely arranged with adjacent first row of subambulacrals, which are approximately twice as thick as furrow spines (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFACFFD1F5A3FB324600CF1C" box="[511,612,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFACFFD0F49BFAD6454DCB28" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F49BFAD64642CFF5" blockId="78.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F49BFAD6452BCF38" bold="true" box="[199,335,1302,1327]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Comments.</emphasis>
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This species bears an immediate resemblance to
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F7DDFAD640FDCF38" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1976" box="[897,1177,1302,1327]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sphaeriodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F7DDFAD640FDCF38" box="[897,1177,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Sphaeriodiscus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as described by A. M. Clark (1976) from St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands. It possess a comparable number of marginal plates in addition to abactinal plates that are similar in shape and arrangement. It is immediately distinguished by the complete absence of granules from the abactinal and marginal plate surface. The presence of crystalline tubercles embedded in the abactinal plates in addition to the complete absence of surficial granules on the abactinal plate was a primary identifying character of
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F5F8FA0A467BCFF4" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[420,543,1482,1507]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F5F8FA0A467BCFF4" box="[420,543,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Plinthaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F49BFA2E4171CCAC" blockId="78.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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This species shows a close similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F6D8FA2E470CCC10" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[644,872,1518,1543]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lenaigae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F6D8FA2E470CCC10" box="[644,872,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Plinthaster lenaigae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFACFFD1F732FA2E47C9CC10" box="[878,941,1518,1543]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F732FA2E47C9CC10" bold="true" box="[878,941,1518,1543]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, also collected from the
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<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFACFFD1F09CFA2E4123CC10" box="[1216,1351,1518,1543]" name="Madagascar" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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region. Specimens of known species are comparable in R, which is approximately 3.0–3.2 for specimens examined, making size-based explanations for these differences unlikely.
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F70CF9F6405FCC58" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[848,1083,1590,1615]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="untiedtae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F70CF9F6405FCC58" box="[848,1083,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Plinthaster untiedtae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFACFFD1F01EF9F640E4CC58" box="[1090,1152,1590,1615]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F01EF9F640E4CC58" bold="true" box="[1090,1152,1590,1615]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is superficially similar in terms of marginal plate number (six per interradius) and in the presence of enlarged penultimate superomarginals. However, the superomarginals in
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F652F9BF46F7CC80" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[526,659,1662,1687]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="untiedtae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F652F9BF46F7CC80" box="[526,659,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. untiedtae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F6C4F9BE46B3CC80" bold="true" box="[664,727,1662,1687]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFACFFD1F6C4F9BE46B3CC80" box="[664,727,1662,1687]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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are more strongly convex and the penultimate superomarginals are irregularly polygonal in shape, as opposed to those in
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F741F96447FDCCAC" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[797,921,1698,1723]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lenaigae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F741F96447FDCCAC" box="[797,921,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. lenaigae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFACFFD1F7FCF96247BACCAC" box="[928,990,1698,1723]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F7FCF96247BACCAC" bold="true" box="[928,990,1698,1723]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, which are more triangular.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFACFFD1F49BF90646D1CDCC" blockId="78.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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The most significant difference between the two species, however, lies in the morphology of the furrow spines and adambulacral spination. Furrow spines in
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F6FAF92C474FCD14" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[678,811,1770,1795]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="untiedtae">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F6FAF92C474FCD14" box="[678,811,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. untiedtae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are triangular or quadrate with strong angular corners. Subambulacrals number two or three per plate and are enlarged, and approximately twice as thick as the furrow spines. Pedicellariae are few to absent. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFACFFD1F6B4F8F247AACD5C" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[744,974,1842,1867]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lenaigae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F6B4F8F247AACD5C" box="[744,974,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Plinthaster lenaigae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFACFFD1F784F8F2407DCD5C" box="[984,1049,1842,1867]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFACFFD1F784F8F2407DCD5C" bold="true" box="[984,1049,1842,1867]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shows compressed furrow spines with rounded edges, which are quadrate in cross-section. Subambulacrals adjacent to the furrow spines number one to three and are similar to the furrow spines in thickness being separated widely on the adambulacral plate. Pedicellariae are present on each adambulacral plate and are present, one or two, on nearly every actinal plate adjacent to the oral region adjacent to the mouth
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFF57454DCB28" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFADFFD0F49BFF5745CBCAA7" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,431,151,176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lenaigae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F49BFF5745CBCAA7" box="[199,431,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Plinthaster lenaigae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFADFFD0F5E7FF57459BCAA7" box="[443,511,151,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F5E7FF57459BCAA7" bold="true" box="[443,511,151,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFADFFD0F662FF57474ACAA7" authority="Mah, 2018" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2018" box="[574,814,151,176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="untiedtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F662FF57474ACAA7" box="[574,814,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Plinthaster untiedtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8D957DFFFADFFD0F766FF57471ACAA7" box="[826,894,151,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F766FF57471ACAA7" bold="true" box="[826,894,151,176]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
share several characters that suggest they are closely related. Phenotypic variation is poorly understood in goniasterids and some characters such as pedicellariae can show a wide range of variation (e.g. Mah
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F6FEFF2146B0CAEF" box="[674,724,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFADFFD0F76FFF204799CAEF" author="Mortensen, T." box="[819,1021,224,248]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref73187" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Fidenskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i. Kobenhavn, 93, 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
interpreted enlarged superomarginal plates as variable phentoypes in South African goniasterids, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFADFFD0F7A4FEC44092CB0A" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[1016,1270,260,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acanthodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F7A4FEC44092CB0A" box="[1016,1270,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Calliaster acanthodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFADFFD0F162FEC54546CB57" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Toraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F162FEC54546CB57" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Toraster tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFADFFD0F49BFE8C4148CDAE" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFE8C4683CB73" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,743,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F49BFE8C4537CB72" bold="true" box="[199,339,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
. Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFADFFD0F590FE8C4631CB72" box="[460,597,332,357]" name="Madagascar" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFADFFD0F63CFE8C4686CB73" box="[608,738,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.21" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="6.18" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="621.0" valueMax="624.0" valueMin="618.0">
|
||
618–
|
||
<specimenCount id="8798FD3FFFADFFD0F6C4FE8C4686CB73" box="[664,738,332,357]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="generic">624 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFEAF47DFCBBB" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F49BFEAF453DCB9F" bold="true" box="[199,345,367,392]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body stout, pentagonal to weakly stellate (R/r=1.39–1.4) in shape arms short, arm tips blunt, rounded. Interradial arcs wide, weakly curved to straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFADFFD0F743FE5447CACBBB" box="[799,942,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs 30A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFE77466EC8E7" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Abactinal surface composed of abutted plates. Individual plates round to polygonal in outline, flat to weakly convex plate surface. Plates becoming more irregular, smaller in size distally, adjacent to superomarginal plates. Surficial accessories, such as granules, absent, surface smooth and bare. Crystalline bodies, 15–200, mostly 100– 150, embedded in plate surface of each plate in sunburst like patterns with linear series, each composed of approximately eight to 10 crystalline bodies, radiating out from center of plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFADFFD0F04EFD87401DC877" box="[1042,1145,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single granular series, 20–40 present around each plate, each granule round to quadrate in shape. Madreporite quadrate in shape, level with other abactinal plates, flanked by four abactinal plates. Pedicellariae, small (<
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFADFFD0F004FD4F40D0C8BF" box="[1112,1204,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) tong-like in shape, present on a minority of plates on abactinal surface, sitting in small pits when present. Papulae present along radial disk regions, absent interradially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFD3C46BACF27" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Superomarginals, inferomarginals six per interradius (arm tip to arm tip), each individual plate strongly convex, quadrate in shape especially interadially becoming wider distally with superomarginals and inferomarginals adjacent to terminal plate enlarged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFADFFD0F75FFC84470BC94B" box="[771,879,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
|
||
), attaining approximately twice the size of the adjacent marginal plate and becoming strongly convex with one edge abutted over the midline of each arm. Superomarginals with widely scattered, round, deciduous granules, 20–50 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFADFFD0F050FC4C4011C9B3" box="[1036,1141,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
|
||
) leaving pitting on plate surface where lost. Superomarginal plate surface otherwise bare and smooth without surficial accessories (e.g., no granules). Pedicellariae, tong-like, <
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFADFFD0F66BFC1446F5C9FB" box="[567,657,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, one to four, mostly three, present on the superomarginal surface adjacent to the abactinal surface. Inferomarginals with a raised, bare surface, covered with widely scattered round granules, 100–400, identical to those on superomarginal surface but more closely arranged, more abundant. Dense arrays of pointed to blunt granules, 20–60, similar in size to those on scattered inferomarginal face are present on inferomarginal adjacent to actinal surface, arranged more closely than the others on the marginal plate surface. Marginal plate with widely spaced pointed granules present around the periphery of the plates, approximately 30 along each width, 60 along each length, totally approximately 180–200 forming periphery around each plate. Small tong-like pedicellariae identical to those present on the other body surfaces present on the inferomarginal plates, approximately one or two per plate. Terminal plate triangular in shape, smooth surface sitting between two enlarged superomarginal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFAFC47B5CFF2" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Actinal surface composed of three full series in chevron like formation, including one to three irregular series plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFADFFD0F4B4FA9F4536CF6F" box="[232,338,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individual plates quadrate to polygonal in shape. Plate surface composed of round to polygonal granules, 20–60, mostly 30–50, with blunt tops, densely but evenly spaced. Peripheral granules arranged into approximately five to 10 per side of each plate. One to three plates with a single small tong-like pedicellariae, mostly adjacent to oral plates (proximally on actinal intermediate region).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BFA304086CD82" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Furrow spines six to seven (proximally to distally), blunt tipped, triangular to quadrate in cross-section, closely arranged with complimentary edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFADFFD0F615F9D446D7CC3B" box="[585,691,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,303,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1435,303,1867]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Plinthaster unteidtae n. sp. Holotype IE-2013-17281. R=3.1, r=2.2 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=1.0 cm. B. Closeup of abactinal plates showing crystalline nodules. Scale bar=0.2 cm. C. Closeup showing superomarginal surface details and enlarged penultimate plate. Scale bar=0.5 cm. D. Actinal view. Scale bar=1.0 cm. E. Closeup of furrow and adambulacral spination. Scale bar=0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615986/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furrow spine series straight to weakly curved. Subambulacral spines, one or two, blunt, round tipped, each spine twice as thick as one of the furrow spines, sitting immediately behind furrow spines. Subambulacral spine tips with weak to well-developed notches. A discrete space present between the furrow and subambulacral spines. Proximal side of the adambulacral plate each with incipient pedicellariae composed of two or three short valves. Remainder of adambulacral plate with two or three rows of blocky angular granules, each row composed of four to seven, short angular granules, variably sized which gradually assume identical stature with granules on the actinal plate surface. Oral plate furrow spines fourteen, crowded, with one spine projecting into mouth from each plate (two total projecting into mouth), all spines triangular to angular in cross-section. Three subambulacral spines behind furrow spines on oral plate. Oral plate surface with eight or nine quadrate to triangular granules present in paired formation over oral plate sulcus bisecting center of oral plate. Remainder of oral plate with 15–25 angular granules widely spaced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BF8604148CDAE" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1324,1952,1977]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Color of specimens from deck shots is a rich, bright orange with a lighter orange on the oral surface.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFADFFCFF49BF8044543CAEF" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFADFFD0F49BF80441F8CDCB" blockId="79.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1436,1988,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFADFFD0F49BF8044650CDCA" bold="true" box="[199,564,1988,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Material Examined.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFADFFD0F5E2F8044650CDCA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121243189" box="[446,564,1988,2013]" collectionCode="ATIMO" country="Madagascar" elevation="621" location="Madagascar" longitude="46.35" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCode="IE-2013-17281" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E258814FFADFFD0F5E2F804464BCDCA" box="[446,559,1988,2013]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFADFFD0F667F804468ECDCB" box="[571,746,1988,2012]" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">IE-2013-17281</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFADFFD0F6A9F8044718CDCA" box="[757,892,1988,2013]" name="Madagascar" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
25°36–37’S
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFADFFD0F052F804400FCDCA" box="[1038,1131,1988,2013]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="925" value="46.35">46°21’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFADFFD0F02BF804409DCDCB" box="[1143,1273,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.21" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="6.18" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="621.0" valueMax="624.0" valueMin="618.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFADFFD0F02BF804409DCDCB" box="[1143,1273,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.21" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="6.18" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="621.0" valueMax="624.0" valueMin="618.0">618–624 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, Coll. ATIMO
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFB2FFCFF4CBFF584543CAEF" blockId="80.[151,1435,151,248]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFB2FFCFF4CBFF5847AACAA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121241762" box="[151,974,151,176]" collectionCode="VATAE" collectorName="O Nosy B" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F78FAE73FFB2FFCFF4CBFF584494CAA7" box="[151,240,152,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">VATAE</collectionCode>
|
||
, N/
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFB2FFCFF545FF5845E3CAA7" box="[281,391,152,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
O
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFB2FFCFF569FF5945E3CAA7" box="[309,391,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Nosy B</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
e 11 CP 3566. 1 dry spec. R=3.1 r=2.2.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E258814FFB2FFCFF70EFF5747AACAA7" box="[850,974,151,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFB2FFCFF70EFF5747AACAA7" bold="true" box="[850,974,151,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFB2FFCFF780FF5845ACCAC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121241672" collectionCode="IE" country="Madagascar" elevation="621" location="Madagascar" longitude="46.35" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" specimenCode="IE-2007-3993" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFB2FFCFF780FF584018CAA7" box="[988,1148,152,176]" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">IE-2007-3993</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFB2FFCFF0D4FF57416BCAA7" box="[1160,1295,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
25°36–37’S
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFB2FFCFF4CBFF7C4490CAC2" box="[151,244,188,213]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="925" value="46.35">46°21’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFB2FFCFF55EFF7C45E2CAC3" box="[258,390,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.21" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="6.18" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="621.0" valueMax="624.0" valueMin="618.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFB2FFCFF55EFF7C45E2CAC3" box="[258,390,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.21" metricValueMax="6.24" metricValueMin="6.18" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="621.0" valueMax="624.0" valueMin="618.0">618–624 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, Coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFB2FFCFF589FF7C4546CAEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121244111" collectionCode="ATIMO, VATAE" collectorName="O Nosy B" country="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F78FAE73FFB2FFCFF589FF7C46EBCAC3" box="[469,655,188,212]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">ATIMO VATAE</collectionCode>
|
||
, N/
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFB2FFCFF6E6FF7C474CCAC3" box="[698,808,188,212]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
O
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFB2FFCFF68AFF7D474CCAC3" box="[726,808,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Nosy B</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
e 11 CP 3566. 3 wet specs. R=3.1 r=2.1; R=3.2 r=2.3; R=3.1 r=2.1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |