361 lines
38 KiB
XML
361 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="034DE59B28039C61CBCA417296AFAE6C" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630276700656" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TEDFORD R. H., WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E." docDate="2009" docId="173487AEFF910745FF607493FC09FDD2" docLanguage="en" docName="B325.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (325)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Urocyon minicephalus Martin 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="EB0DFFD6FFDB0709FFD7770AFFEFFFB9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1699210124599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="EDCE223C958A23642A81A61C47EFC548" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7ACCDAD44C21A7FBE4122E33DB03AA09">
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<mods:title id="A19F54C81A5B99F0CA989555880042E3">Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="18DBF2659930863AE9C0984E3185E47D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7A3FBE405C048D82F936A212318BD298">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A230F7E62C2FBA1DE6D8F7BB7C077694">TEDFORD R. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2CA77B9D6BFD209D7BD66FB9CC99A770">WANG X.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F87BEA8DDA8EF5918C8230A5859354D0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8388F5A3E49AF254D5D701AE90373F97">TAYLOR B. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="875C9EF61077CC223851DC93C6B488BB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5060529EE5674A844BA6130DEB278947">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F88C1A10DAEA62B816061E2F6E511A24">
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<mods:date id="5F1D15263AD60D746F7411D7BC0744DD">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F30485A5695F4BEE7BB0E38C8086BFED" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="6EC85E9106DB25967F3047E692A043BB">2009-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="33E15F9B2BCC1EF1BED435413A2F16E8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6BE2B8B428F0C640CA82168A82257C36">2009</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="55F273B99760322446D5992FD8E92074" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BC56EE553C0AD4D5F31B917C2CF3510F">325</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6D9CAA0671317B39755FEDD80EB6FD20">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F36E0C54AA7598F962634826079B9955" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="173487AEFF910745FF607493FC09FDD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFF910745FF607493FC09FDD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/173487AEFF910745FF607493FC09FDD2" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FF910743FF607493FDDEFC75" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF910743FF607493FDDEFC75" blockId="74.[183,599,920,973]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<heading id="C46A81D4FF910743FF607493FDDEFC75" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF910743FF607493FDB8FC17" authority="Martin, 1974" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[183,599,920,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FF607493FE5CFC16" box="[183,435,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Urocyon minicephalus</emphasis>
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Martin, 1974
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFF910743FF0A74BDFEADFC75" box="[221,322,951,973]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[150,188,913,932]" captionTargetBox="[130,1225,210,883]" captionTargetId="figure-284@20.[130,1225,210,883]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 7. Graphic comparison of the length of the m1 and m2 of species of Leptocyon, Vulpes, Metalopex, and Urocyon. The horizontal bar is the observed range, the small rectangle represents 1 S from the mean, the vertical line is the mean, and the size of the sample is the number in parentheses." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFF910743FE8674BDFE80FC75" box="[337,367,951,972]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[116,155,1652,1671]" captionTargetBox="[146,1140,210,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-1@75.[146,1140,210,1622]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. A–E. Urocyon minicephalus, late Irvingtonian, Florida. A. Type skull, UF 13146, lateral view. B–C. Ramus, UF 13140. B. Lateral view, reversed. C. Occlusal view, reversed. D–E. Type skull, UF 13146. D. Palatal view. E. Dorsal view." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">30</figureCitation>
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; appendices 2, 3
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FF910745FF4C74ECFC09FDD2" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF910743FF4C74ECFDE7FBC8" blockId="74.[128,654,997,1759]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<typeStatus id="4026881AFF910743FF4C74ECFF35FC42" box="[155,218,998,1019]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFF910743FF3C74ECFEFBFC42" box="[235,276,998,1019]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
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13146 (fig. 30A, D–E), nearly complete skull except for premaxillaries, broken nasals and zygomae, with P1–M2 from Coleman IIA Loal Fauna (late Irvingtonian), Sumter County,
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<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF910743FE7E7351FDEBFBC8" box="[425,516,1115,1137]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Florida</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF910743FF4C7370FCFDFE23" blockId="74.[128,654,997,1759]" lastBlockId="74.[701,1228,213,1759]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FF4C7370FF44FB73" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67849" specimenCount="1">
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Referred from the
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<typeStatus id="4026881AFF910743FE4D7370FE3AFB36" box="[410,469,1146,1167]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality:
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FDB27370FF2BFB14" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67849</specimenCode>
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and 67852, two left maxilla with P4– M1
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FF6A73BFFDEDFB5E" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67851" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FF6A73BFFED3FB72" box="[189,316,1205,1227]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67851</specimenCode>
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, left premaxilla and partial maxilla with I1–I3 alveoli, C–P2
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FDC773D9FE11FABC" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67850" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FDC773D9FD65FB51" box="[528,650,1234,1256]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67850</specimenCode>
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, left partial maxilla with P4–M2
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FDD973FAFE85FAC2" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 13148" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FDD973FAFD66FABC" box="[526,649,1264,1285]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 13148</specimenCode>
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, left partial premaxilla and maxilla and right partial maxilla with P3–P4 and detached teeth of two or more individuals including two right upper P4s
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FEA1726DFE75FA23" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 13143" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FEA1726DFE01FAC2" box="[374,494,1382,1404]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 13143</specimenCode>
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* and 67848*, two postorbital crania
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FE67728EFEBDFA0E" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67855" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FE67728EFDDAFA23" box="[432,565,1412,1434]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67855</specimenCode>
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*, right edentulous ramus
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FEB772A8FEC8FA6D" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67863" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FEB772A8FE32FA0E" box="[352,477,1441,1463]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67863</specimenCode>
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*, left posterior part of ramus
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FEE172B5FE9BFA4A" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67856" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FEE172B5FE5EFA6C" box="[310,433,1471,1493]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67856</specimenCode>
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, left partial ramus with p1 alveolus–m2
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FE5772D7FD65F9A9" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67854" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FE5772D7FE16FA4B" box="[384,505,1500,1522]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67854</specimenCode>
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, right ramus with C, P1–P2 alveoli, P3–M2, m3 alveolus
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FF577112FF0EF9D0" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 13140" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FF577112FF18F994" box="[128,247,1560,1581]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 13140</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFF910743FEDD7112FE7AF997" box="[266,405,1560,1582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[116,155,1652,1671]" captionTargetBox="[146,1140,210,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-1@75.[146,1140,210,1622]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. A–E. Urocyon minicephalus, late Irvingtonian, Florida. A. Type skull, UF 13146, lateral view. B–C. Ramus, UF 13140. B. Lateral view, reversed. C. Occlusal view, reversed. D–E. Type skull, UF 13146. D. Palatal view. E. Dorsal view." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 30B–C</figureCitation>
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), right partial ramus with c, p1–p2 alveoli, p3–p4, m1–m2, and m3 alveolus
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FF267159FF3FF93C" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67858" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FF267159FE81F9D0" box="[241,366,1619,1641]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67858</specimenCode>
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, left partial ramus with p2–m1
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FF0B717BFF49F91A" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67857" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FF0B717BFEBCF93F" box="[220,339,1648,1670]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67857</specimenCode>
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, left partial ramus with p2– m1
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FF6E7184FEF6F97B" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67857" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FF6E7184FED6F91D" box="[185,313,1678,1700]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67857</specimenCode>
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, left partial ramus with p3 (broken)–m2
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FEFF71A6FD66F966" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67861" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FEFF71A6FE4BF978" box="[296,420,1707,1729]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67861</specimenCode>
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*, left partial ramus with i1–i3 alveoli, c–p1, and p2–p3 alveoli
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FD6A77DFFC2DFEB1" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67862" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FD6A77DFFCD7FF52" box="[701,824,213,235]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67862</specimenCode>
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*, left partial ramus with p2 and c– p1, and p3–m2 alveoli
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FC1977F8FB64FE9C" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67859" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FC1977F8FBA8FEB1" box="[974,1095,242,264]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67859</specimenCode>
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, left partial ramus with m1 and m2–m3 alveoli
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FF910743FB74761AFC18FED9" collectionCode="UF" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="UF 67860" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FF910743FB74761AFCEAFEFB" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="Museum">UF 67860</specimenCode>
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, left partial ramus with p2–p4 and c– p1, p3, and m1 all alveoli
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</materialsCitation>
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||
; UD 67853, right ramus with c–p1 alveoli, p2–m1, and m2–m3 alveoli.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF910743FD0C76A8FC03FD64" blockId="74.[701,1228,213,1759]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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||
McLeod Lime Rock Mine, Smith Pit, pocket ‘‘A’’ (late Irvingtonian), Levy County,
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<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF910743FD6A76D7FCF7FE4A" box="[701,792,477,499]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Florida</collectingRegion>
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: F:AM 67296, left partial maxilla with P4; F:AM 67297, right ramus with c–m1 and m2–m3 alveoli; F:AM 95190, partial scapula; F:AM 68024, left humerus; F:AM 68024A, left humerus; F:AM 68024B, left partial humerus; F:AM 68024C, right radius; F:AM 68024D, left partial radius; F:AM 68024E, right distal part of tibia: F:AM 68024G, right calcaneum.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF910743FD0E75EFFC37FCA0" blockId="74.[701,1228,213,1759]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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Distribution: Only known from the late Irvingtonian of
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||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF910743FCAE7409FC3BFCA0" box="[889,980,771,793]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF910745FD0E742BFD6EFEB1" blockId="74.[701,1228,213,1759]" lastBlockId="76.[128,655,213,1759]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Revised Diagnosis: Derived relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF910743FB787428FCDBFCED" authorityName="Akersten" authorityYear="1970" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="progressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FB787428FCDBFCED" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. progressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shorter parietals. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF910743FD6A7456FCD5FCC8" box="[701,826,860,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FD6A7456FCD5FCC8" box="[701,826,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. citrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing the following apomorphies: m1 less elongate, and m2 relatively smaller with shorter trigonid, paraconid absent, and shorter and angled subangular lobe. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF910743FC4A74DBFBCEFC5E" box="[925,1057,976,999]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galushai">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FC4A74DBFBCEFC5E" box="[925,1057,976,999]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. galushai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following apomorphies: smaller, lower crowned premolars; m2 trigonid shorter, smaller paraconid shelf, stronger anterolabial cingulum, stronger protostylid; and mandibular ramus less elongate with less expanded masseteric fossa and angled subangular lobe. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF910743FC827394FB41FB0A" box="[853,1198,1180,1203]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereoargenteus" subSpecies="floridanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FC827394FB41FB0A" box="[853,1198,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. cinereoargenteus floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following plesiomorphies: smaller skull, narrower frontals, greater postorbital constriction, narrower braincase, less widely separated frontoparietal crests, narrower occiput; M1 with lower crowned paracone and metacone, weaker labial cingulum, smaller paraconule; smaller metaconule; m1 protostylid weaker; and m2 metaconid less posterior and almost directly opposite protoconid, protostylid weaker. Differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FB4472C8FD14FA4C" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. c. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
in the following plesiomorphies: small- er skull with relatively wider muzzle, narrow- er frontals, greater postorbital constriction, narrower braincase, less lyrate parasagittal crests, narrower occiput. Apomorphies that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF910743FC927178FC11F931" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[837,1022,1649,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FC927178FC11F931" box="[837,1022,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF910743FB9D7178FB24F93E" box="[1098,1227,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">U. c. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
are: P4 stronger protocone, stronger anterolabial cingulum; M2 metaconule greatly reduced or absent; and m2 less elongate, relatively wider, shorter trigonid, stronger anterolabial cingulum, stronger protostylid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CBE26630FF900742FFA3717EFE5EF905" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[116,155,1652,1671]" targetBox="[146,1140,210,1622]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF900742FFA3717EFE5EF905" blockId="75.[93,1194,1651,1725]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Fig. 30.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FF0B717EFEE5F93E" bold="true" box="[220,266,1652,1671]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF900742FEC0717FFE18F93E" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[279,503,1651,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FEC0717FFE18F93E" box="[279,503,1651,1671]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Urocyon minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, late Irvingtonian, Florida.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FCCB717EFCC1F93E" bold="true" box="[796,814,1652,1671]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Type skull, UF 13146, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FF8A7184FF64F918" bold="true" box="[93,139,1678,1697]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Ramus, UF 13140.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FEB57185FE9DF91B" bold="true" box="[354,370,1679,1698]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view, reversed.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FDBA7184FD90F918" bold="true" box="[621,639,1678,1697]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Occlusal view, reversed.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FC507185FC59F91B" bold="true" box="[903,950,1679,1698]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Type skull, UF 13146.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FF8A71A3FF9FF905" bold="true" box="[93,112,1705,1724]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Palatal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF900742FEDA71A3FEF2F905" bold="true" box="[269,285,1705,1724]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF970745FF4C761AFEBCFC35" blockId="76.[128,655,213,1759]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Description and Comparison: Martin (1974: 70) described the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDF07624FF0FFED8" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDF07624FF0FFED8" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as differing from the living gray fox ‘‘in the relatively closely allied sagittal crests and narrower occiput.’’ Additional primitive characters that distinguish the skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA676A9FEFEFE6F" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA676A9FEFEFE6F" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FE0476CAFD61FE6F" box="[467,654,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
are wider muzzle, narrower frontals, and a less expanded braincase. The upper dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FF497512FEBDFD97" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[158,338,535,558]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FF497512FEBDFD97" box="[158,338,535,558]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA67512FEF9FDF2" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
except the P
|
||
<quantity id="58659B5DFF970745FE1D753FFDEEFDF2" box="[458,513,565,587]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
which the protocone is larger than the average
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF970745FDE07558FD61FDD1" box="[567,654,594,616]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
gray fox and the anterolabial cingulum is stronger. In the P4 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFF970745FE2A7587FDC0FD1B" box="[509,559,653,674]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA67587FEFEFD79" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA67587FEFEFD79" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this cingulum is produced into a small, but distinct, parastyle that is present in some of the living gray foxes examined. The M1 and M2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FEBE7408FDF1FCA1" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[361,542,769,792]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FEBE7408FDF1FCA1" box="[361,542,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more primitive in being more complex than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FF767437FEBBFCEB" box="[161,340,827,850]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
with a smaller paraconule of both upper molars, and the M2 bears a small metaconule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF970745FF4A749FFF36FAB0" blockId="76.[128,655,213,1759]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The lower dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FE06749CFD61FC12" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[465,654,916,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FE06749CFD61FC12" box="[465,654,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
averages smaller than that of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FE0074B9FD68FC71" box="[471,647,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
, and the m1 is primitive in being less robust with a weaker protostylid. Two jaws (
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFF970745FDB374E7FD61FBBB" box="[612,654,1005,1026]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
67855, 67856) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FEAC7301FDAEFB99" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[379,577,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FEAC7301FDAEFB99" box="[379,577,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with unworn m2s have an extremely short trigonid with the metaconid directly opposite the protoconid. In contrast, the more apomorphic m
|
||
<quantity id="58659B5DFF970745FED47375FEDDFB2C" box="[259,306,1151,1173]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FEEA738AFE1BFB2C" box="[317,500,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
has a larger metaconid that is situated slightly posterior to the protoconid, making the trigonid longer and the lingual border of m2 more convex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF970745FF4A7218FE9FF966" blockId="76.[128,655,213,1759]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The morphology of the lower dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FF57723AFED3FAFF" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[128,316,1327,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FF57723AFED3FAFF" box="[128,316,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more like that of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FD87723AFF1EFADA" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
than that of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FE5A7247FDE5FADB" box="[397,522,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
or even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA67247FF3BFA39" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA67247FF3BFA39" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. citrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the early Irvingtonian of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF970745FF57728DFF34FA24" box="[128,219,1415,1437]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The premolars, especially p4, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA67282FEFEFA02" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA67282FEFEFA02" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more robust, and the p2–p3 diastema is shorter than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFF970745FE3F72C8FDF5FA6E" box="[488,538,1474,1495]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
jaw of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA672C8FF3BFA4C" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA672C8FF3BFA4C" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. citrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Except for a slightly stronger protostylid, the m1 is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA672F7FF3BF996" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA672F7FF3BF996" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. citrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Derived features separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDF97110FF0FF9F4" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDF97110FF0FF9F4" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FEFC713DFE4AF9F5" box="[299,421,1591,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FEFC713DFE4AF9F5" box="[299,421,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. citrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are seen in the m2, which in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FF3D715FFE4FF9D3" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[234,416,1619,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FF3D715FFE4FF9D3" box="[234,416,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less elongate with the trigonid shorter and the paraconid absent. Furthermore, the talonid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FDA67185FEFEF97B" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FDA67185FEFEF97B" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also shorter and lacks the distinct entoconulid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF970745FD0C77DFFBE0FEFA" blockId="76.[701,1228,213,619]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
No morphological features were observed to distinguish the limbs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FBC777F9FB24FEB0" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[1040,1227,242,265]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FBC777F9FB24FEB0" box="[1040,1227,242,265]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the McLeod Lime Rock Mine from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FCF27624FBE7FEFA" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[805,1032,302,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereoargenteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FCF27624FBE7FEFA" box="[805,1032,302,323]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. cinereoargenteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF970745FD0E7646FC09FDD2" blockId="76.[701,1228,213,619]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Discussion: Although the morphology of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FC987660FBE8FE39" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[847,1031,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FC987660FBE8FE39" box="[847,1031,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is primitive and differs markedly from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FBC17682FB2BFE24" box="[1046,1220,390,413]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. floridanus</emphasis>
|
||
, the dentition is derived and very similar to that of the latter. The dentition of the late Irvingtonian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FC8176EAFBE5FE4F" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" box="[854,1034,479,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FC8176EAFBE5FE4F" box="[854,1034,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more like that of the recent eastern race of the gray fox than that of the more primitive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF970745FBDD7511FB69FD89" box="[1034,1158,539,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FBDD7511FB69FD89" box="[1034,1158,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. citrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the early Irvingtonian of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFF970745FC367532FBD7FDF7" box="[993,1080,568,590]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
or the living western race,
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF970745FC88755CFC31FDD2" box="[863,990,598,619]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">U. c. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |