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<mods:title id="0A1C734365F8D9203E929F6EAFF824ED">Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF99FFEBFF72F9A8EC557E0E" ID-CoL="6YLTQ" authority="Harmelin, 1977" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,608,1616,1643]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F9A8EC557E0E" bold="true" box="[151,608,1616,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F9A8EFA37E0E" bold="true" box="[151,406,1616,1643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFE7BF9A8EC557E0E" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[414,608,1616,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF99FFEBFF72F98CEC347EEA" box="[151,513,1652,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="description">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF99FFEBFF72F98CEC347EEA" blockId="14.[151,608,1616,1679]" box="[151,513,1652,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
(
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF99FFEBFF7AF98CEF257EEB" box="[159,272,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1577,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. a, b. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. Holotype MNHN_IB_2008-13068. Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf. a. General view of the colony. b. Close-up of an autozooid. c, d. Setosella rossanae n. sp. MNHN_IB_ 2013-998 Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf, originally labelled as Setosella cavernicola and stored as a syntype at MNHN. c. General view of the colony. d. Close-up of an autozooid. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626510/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figs 8a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF99FFEBFEF9F98DEF6D7EEA" box="[284,344,1653,1679]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStart-3="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetBox-1="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetId-1="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." captionText-3="FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station F4. a. Portion of a large, dead colony. b. Detail of an autozooid with the distal vibraculum and two large, disto-lateral opesiules. c. Cluster of autozooids with intramural budding. d. Close-up of the bottom-right colony portion in (a) Note the common regenerations in both autozooids and vibracula, some with closure plates. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 100 μm; c, d = 200 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626518" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3626518/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">9–12</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C9130355FF99FFEBFE87F98CEFF57EEA" box="[354,448,1652,1679]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[144,232,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. List of material used in the present study and deposited at the Palaeontological Museum of the University of Catania. The list is organized by species and contains related details. In the last columns the species name is given as reported in previously published papers, including additional information about localities, samples and context of the research. Graham, Terribile, Amendolara and Apollo are offshore banks. Biocoenoses are indicated as follows: C, coralligenous; CB, white corals; DC, coastal detritic; DE, muddy detritic; DL, offshore detritic; GO, obscure caves; GSO, semi-obscure caves; PE, heterogeneous communities; SGCF, coarse sands and fine gravels swept by bottom currents; VP, bathyal muds. Abundances are abbreviated as follows: RR, 1–2; R, 3–10; C, 11–20; A, 21–50; AA,&gt;50 where numbers indicate colonies or fragments. Depths are often indicated as ranges in modern samples and are estimated for fossil samples. In ‘References’ authors’ names are abbreviated as: DG, Di Geronimo; M, Mastrototaro; P, Poluzzi; R, Rosso; + means et al." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0EE6666FF91FFE3FF75FE32EF437AD9" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" tableUuid="D0EE6666FF91FFE3FF75FE32EF437AD9">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C9130355FF99FFEBFE2BF98DEFEB7EEA" box="[462,478,1653,1679]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[144,232,569,595]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the main skeletal characters among Setosella species. Abbreviations: Diam, diameter; Anc, ancestrula; Op, opesia; Opes, opesiules; Ov, ovicell; Z, Autozooid. NO, not observed; Vibr, vibracula. Measurements for colony diameter are given in mm" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0EE6666FF9BFFE9FF75FDC1EA987A12" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" tableUuid="D0EE6666FF9BFFE9FF75FDC1EA987A12">2</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C9130355FF99FFEBFE0FF98DEFCC7EEA" box="[490,505,1653,1679]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="24.[151,239,586,610]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements of Setosella cavernicola and Setosella rossanae n. sp. Abbreviations: Anc, ancestrula; Ch, chamber; L, length; Op, opesia; Opes, opesiules; Oe, ooecium; Vibr, vibracula; W, width; win, window; Z, autozooid; NA, not applicable. Measurements are given in µm, as ranges and mean values plus/minus standard deviation, followed by the number of measurements made in brackets." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0EE6666FF8FFFFDFF72FDB2EC857AAA" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" tableUuid="D0EE6666FF8FFFFDFF72FDB2EC857AAA">4</tableCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF99FFEBFF72F941EFDC7EB4" ID-CoL="6YLTR" authority="(Busk, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,489,1720,1745]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulnerata">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F941EF6F7EB4" box="[151,346,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Setosella vulnerata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFE8DF940EFD47EB4" author="Busk, G." box="[360,481,1720,1745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="123 - 125" refId="ref23471" refString="Busk, G. (1860) Zoophytology. Descriptions of new species of Polyzoa. Collected by George Barlee, Esq., in Shetland. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 123 - 125 + 143 - 145 + 213 - 214, pls. 24 - 28." type="journal article" year="1860">Busk, 1860</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFE17F940ECA17EB4" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[498,660,1720,1745]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="793 - 806" refId="ref24670" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1969) Bryozoaires des grottes sous-marines obscures de la region Marseillaise: faunistique et ecologie. Tethys, 1, 793 - 806." type="journal article" year="1969">Harmelin, 1969</bibRefCitation>
: table 1 (pars).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF99FFEBFF72F920EC6D7E95" ID-CoL="6YLTQ" authority="Harmelin, 1977: 1064" authorityName=": Harmelin, 1977:" authorityPageNumber="1064" authorityYear="1064" box="[151,600,1751,1776]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F920EF447E95" box="[151,369,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="053010FFFF99FFEBFE92F92FEC6D7E95" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[375,600,1751,1776]" page="1064" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFE92F92FEC6D7E95" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[375,600,1751,1776]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977: 1064</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 17; tav. 1, fig. 7 (pars).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF99FFEBFF72F90EED967F6B" blockId="14.[151,1117,1720,1868]" box="[151,931,1782,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A48111C0FF99FFEBFF72F90EED967F6B" box="[151,931,1782,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
? 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF99FFEBFF4CF90EEC1A7F6B" ID-CoL="6YLTQ" authority=": Harmelin, 1979" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1979" box="[169,559,1782,1807]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF4CF90EEFB67F6B" box="[169,387,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFE75F90EEC1A7F6B" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[400,559,1782,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="171 - 172" refId="ref24784" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1979) Apercue de la faune bryozoologique bathyale du Detroit Siculo-Tunisien: Rapports et Proces-verbaux de la Commission internationale pour l'exploitation de la Mer Mediterraneen, 25 - 26 (4), 171 - 172." type="journal article" year="1979">Harmelin, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(listed); 
<treatmentCitation id="053010FFFF99FFEBFD6FF90EED717F6B" author="Zabala, M." box="[650,836,1782,1807]" page="299" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFD6FF90EED717F6B" author="Zabala, M." box="[650,836,1782,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 836" refId="ref27768" refString="Zabala, M. (1986) Fauna dels bryozous dels Paisos Catalans. Barcelona. Institut D'estudis Catalans Seccio de Ciencies, 84, 1 - 836." type="journal article" year="1986">Zabala, 1986: 299</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 82c.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF99FFEBFF72F8EDEA687F48" blockId="14.[151,1117,1720,1868]" box="[151,1117,1812,1837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF99FFEBFF72F8EDEC717F48" ID-CoL="6YLTQ" authority=": Rosso et al., 2013 a" authorityName="Rosso" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,580,1813,1837]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F8EDEF447F48" box="[151,369,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFE9BF8EDEC717F48" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Di Martino, E. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Di Martino, V." box="[382,580,1813,1837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="251 - 269" refId="ref26980" refString="Rosso, A., Di Martino, E., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Di Martino, V. (2013 a) Bryozoan communities and thanatocoenoses from submarine caves in the Plemmirio Marine Protected Area (SE Sicily). In: Ernst, A., Schafer, P. &amp; Scholz, J. (Eds.), Bryozoan Studies 2010. Proceedings of the 15 th IBA Conference 2010, Kiel, Germany. Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 143, pp. 251 - 269. [Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.]" type="journal article" year="2013">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFE27F8EEEFDA7F48" box="[450,495,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
., 2013a
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: table 17.1 (pars); 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFCE5F8EDEDF37F48" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Taddei Ruggiero, E. &amp; Di Martino, E." box="[768,966,1812,1837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref27307" refString="Rosso, A., Sanfilippo, R., Taddei Ruggiero, E. &amp; Di Martino, E. (2013 b) Faunas and ecological groups of Serpuloidea, Bryozoa and Brachiopoda from submarine caves in Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 52 (3), 167 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFCA1F8EEED457F48" box="[836,880,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
., 2013b
</bibRefCitation>
: table 1 (pars).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF99FFEBFF72F8CCED8A7F29" blockId="14.[151,1117,1720,1868]" box="[151,959,1843,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF99FFEBFF72F8CCEEC77F29" ID-CoL="84TLL" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,242,1844,1868]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F8CCEEC77F29" box="[151,242,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Setosella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1: 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFED3F8CCEFCE7F29" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Gerovasileiou, V. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A." box="[310,507,1844,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="707 - 726" refId="ref27084" refString="Rosso, A., Gerovasileiou, V., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A. (2019 a) Bryozoan assemblages from two submarine caves in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Marine Biodiversity, 49 (2), 707 - 726. http: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 018 - 0846 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFE9FF8CCEF927F29" box="[378,423,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
., 2019a
</bibRefCitation>
: table 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF99FFEBFDB2F8CCED287F29" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Gerovasileiou, V. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A." box="[599,797,1843,1868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref27151" refString="Rosso, A., Gerovasileiou, V., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A. (2019 b) Undisclosed bryodiversity of submarine caves of the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Proceedings of the 2 nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Dark Habitats, RAC / SPA 2019, Antalya, 2019, 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFD7EF8CCECFD7F29" box="[667,712,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
., 2019b
</bibRefCitation>
: table 1, fig. 1a.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF99FFEAFF72F881EEEE7A7E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF99FFEAFF72F881ECF079D5" blockId="14.[151,1436,1913,2012]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,2016]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFF72F881EFB17FF1" bold="true" box="[151,388,1913,1940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Examined material.</emphasis>
SEM micrographs of the colony 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF99FFEBFD1CF882ED677FF1" box="[761,850,1914,1940]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">MNHN</collectionCode>
_IB_2008-13068 supposedly designated as the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF99FFEBFA84F882EEF27FDD" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by Harmelin himself when depositing the material at 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF99FFEBFCC2F866ED4A7FDD" box="[807,895,1950,1976]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">MNHN</collectionCode>
, and provided by Pierre Lozouet; Rosso Collection. PMC. 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF99FFEBFEF8F83AEF017FB9" box="[285,308,1986,2012]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">R</collectionCode>
.I.H. B-13a. Gymnasium cave, 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFD77F83BEC937FB9" box="[658,678,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF99FFEBFD4BF83AECDC7FB9" box="[686,745,1986,2012]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
depth, GM2s, 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF99FFEBFC71F83BED927FB9" box="[916,935,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF99FFEBFC55F839EDDF7FB9" box="[944,1002,1985,2012]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
from the entrance, four dead colonies each consisting of 3–5 zooids on small biogenic clasts; GM3s, 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFC8BFF62EDB478D6" box="[878,897,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFC6EFF60EDF378D6" box="[907,966,152,179]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
from the entrance, one dead colony of 4 zooids; Mazzere cave 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFE74FF46EF9178B2" box="[401,420,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFE49FF45EFD078B2" box="[428,485,189,215]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
depth, 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF98FFEAFDDDFF45EC5378B2" box="[568,614,189,215]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">MZ</collectionCode>
2s, 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFD6CFF46ECA978B2" box="[649,668,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFD41FF44ECE878B2" box="[676,733,188,215]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
from the entrance, one dead fragment. Granchi cave, GR1P, 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFA6CFF46EBA978B2" box="[1417,1436,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFF72FF19EEFA789E" box="[151,207,225,251]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
depth and 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFEA2FF19EF4A789E" box="[327,383,225,251]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
from the entrance, seven live colonies on bioeroded concretions, often including the ancestrula and fertile zooids, one of which on the same substratum as the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF98FFEAFCB8FEFDED8A797A" box="[861,959,261,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF98FFEAFC03FEFDEA53797A" authority="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020" authorityName="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou" authorityYear="2020" box="[998,1126,261,287]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rossanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFC03FEFDEA53797A" box="[998,1126,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">S. rossanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFB8BFEFDEA98797A" bold="true" box="[1134,1197,261,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADD65787FF98FFEAFB8BFEFDEA98797A" box="[1134,1197,261,287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily. Rosso Collection PMC. 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF98FFEAFE1BFED1EC207926" box="[510,533,297,323]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">R</collectionCode>
.I.H. B-13b. Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFC2AFED1EA067926" box="[975,1075,297,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="11.0">11–18 m</quantity>
depth: FC2, 15– 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFB10FED0EB047926" box="[1269,1329,296,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
from the entrance (10 live and six dead colonies); F4, 20– 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFD22FEB5ED347902" box="[711,769,333,359]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
from the entrance (17 live and nine dead colonies); Agios Vasilios cave, Lesvos Island, 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFE0DFE89EC7879EE" box="[488,589,369,395]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="32.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="24.0">24–40 m</quantity>
depth: VC2, 15– 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFCF4FE88ED7879EE" box="[785,845,368,395]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
from the entrance (one dead colony); 
<date id="F02F102EFF98FFEAFAE3FE89EB6479EE" box="[1286,1361,368,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2015-05-02">
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF98FFEAFAE3FE89EB2979EE" box="[1286,1308,369,395]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
2, 15
</date>
– 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFA85FE88EBA979EE" box="[1376,1436,368,395]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
from the entrance (one live and one dead colony).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF98FFEAFF22FE40EEEE7A7E" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2016]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFF22FE40EF8B79B6" bold="true" box="[199,446,440,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Additional material.</emphasis>
SEM micrographs of two (out of six) colonies stored at 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF98FFEAFB8DFE41EAF579B6" box="[1128,1216,441,467]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">MNHN</collectionCode>
, catalogue number 
<collectionCode id="E280AE2BFF98FFEAFF72FE25EEC57992" box="[151,240,477,503]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">MNHN</collectionCode>
_IB_2013-998, as 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF98FFEAFE26FE25EC827992" box="[451,695,477,503]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFE26FE25EC827992" box="[451,695,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but belonging to different species, and provided by Pierre Lozouet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF98FFEAFF22FDDCED177D3D" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="description">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF98FFEAFF22FDDCED177D3D" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2016]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFF22FDDCEF6C7A5A" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, forming irregular, uneven patches occupying a few mm 
<superScript id="73E49BA6FF98FFEAFAB6FDDCEB6E7A57" attach="left" box="[1363,1371,548,562]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2</superScript>
, usually in the cavities of organogenic concretions (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFD52FDB1ED3A7A06" box="[695,783,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 9a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFCF9FDB1ED7D7A06" box="[796,840,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">10a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFCB0FDB1EDB57A06" box="[853,896,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11a</figureCitation>
). Autozooids quincuncially arranged (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFAD7FDB1EE967AE2" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 10e, f</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFF4AFD95EF247AED" box="[175,273,621,648]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station F4. a. Portion of a large, dead colony. b. Detail of an autozooid with the distal vibraculum and two large, disto-lateral opesiules. c. Cluster of autozooids with intramural budding. d. Close-up of the bottom-right colony portion in (a) Note the common regenerations in both autozooids and vibracula, some with closure plates. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 100 μm; c, d = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626518/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">12a, c, d</figureCitation>
), elongate rhomboidal, the maximum width reached at about mid-length (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFBB4FD95EA877AE2" box="[1105,1202,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station F4. a. Portion of a large, dead colony. b. Detail of an autozooid with the distal vibraculum and two large, disto-lateral opesiules. c. Cluster of autozooids with intramural budding. d. Close-up of the bottom-right colony portion in (a) Note the common regenerations in both autozooids and vibracula, some with closure plates. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 100 μm; c, d = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626518/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 12c</figureCitation>
). Gymnocyst largely exposed laterally and proximally, gently sloping, outlining a basal surface significantly larger than the frontal one. Proximal end elongate, wedged between proximal zooids, sometimes forming a short cauda-like (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFB3DFD4DEB0D7AAA" box="[1240,1336,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 10e</figureCitation>
). Frontal area ovoidal, marked by a raised, thin and smooth rim, often accounting for nearly two-thirds of the zooidal width. Cryptocyst finely granular, occupying nearly three-fourths of the frontal area, depressed and relatively flat, with a steep edge, slightly raising distally to form the slightly concave proximal border of the opesia. Opesia nearly bellshaped (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFF11FCBDEF7F7B3A" box="[244,330,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 9a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFEB3FCBDEF4A7B3A" box="[342,383,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFE6EFCBDEF8C7B05" box="[395,441,837,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station F4. a. Portion of a large, dead colony. b. Detail of an autozooid with the distal vibraculum and two large, disto-lateral opesiules. c. Cluster of autozooids with intramural budding. d. Close-up of the bottom-right colony portion in (a) Note the common regenerations in both autozooids and vibracula, some with closure plates. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 100 μm; c, d = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626518/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">12b</figureCitation>
), slightly wider than long, with a distal shelf formed by 5–8 slightly prominent tubercles situated in the central arched portion, keeping the operculum in closure position. Spines absent. A single pair of large, 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFF39FC76EEDA7BC2" box="[220,239,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFF13FC74EF5D7BC2" box="[246,360,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 µm</quantity>
wide, roundish-to-slightly elongate, smooth-sided, lateral opesiules inserted on the steep margin of the cryptocyst, at about 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF98FFEAFE25FC49EC3C7BAE" box="[448,521,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
from the proximal margin of the opesia (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFC36FC49EA027BAE" box="[979,1079,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 10d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFBA6FC49EA587BAE" box="[1091,1133,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFB9DFC49EA937BA9" box="[1144,1190,945,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,174,1426]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station F4. a. Portion of a large, dead colony. b. Detail of an autozooid with the distal vibraculum and two large, disto-lateral opesiules. c. Cluster of autozooids with intramural budding. d. Close-up of the bottom-right colony portion in (a) Note the common regenerations in both autozooids and vibracula, some with closure plates. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 100 μm; c, d = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626518/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">12b</figureCitation>
). One large uniporous septulum, at nearly mid-length, in each lateral zooidal wall. Interzooidal vibracula circular to ovoidal, placed distally to each autozooid (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFE4FFC01EFC47C76" box="[426,497,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 9</figureCitation>
b–d, 10e, 11c, d, 12b, c), with two small uniporous septula proximo-laterally, later communicating with distolateral autozooids; opesia ovoidal to eight-shaped, laterally marked by two slightly asymmetrical blunt constrictions bearing barely developed, proximally directed indentations; rostrum arched and flared; vibracular seta about twice as long as an autozooid. Ovicell produced by the maternal autozooid, visible distally to the orifice as a crescent-shaped, low prominence; ectooecium smooth, with a median, circular (less than 20 μm in diameter), infundibular pseudopore (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFDD5FB55EC977CA2" box="[560,674,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 9b, d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFD48FB55ECDA7CA2" box="[685,751,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">10e, f</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFD1FFB55ED117CA2" box="[762,804,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11c</figureCitation>
). Ancestrula oval, smaller than autozooids (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFAEEFB55EB557CA2" box="[1291,1376,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[194,1393,485,1672]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977 PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 9c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFA8EFB55EBAD7CA2" box="[1387,1432,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[186,1401,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">10b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFF72FB29EEF47C8E" box="[151,193,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11e</figureCitation>
); cryptocyst smooth with faint growth lines, occupying the proximal half of the frontal area and leaving a wide semi-elliptical opesia; typically buddying a hourglass-shaped kenozooid distally (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFBCEFB0DEAB27D6A" box="[1067,1159,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11e</figureCitation>
) budding in turn a small vibraculum distally, and a large vibraculum disto-laterally on the left side of the ancestrula, orthogonally oriented. Occlusion plates observed in some vibracula (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFD7EFAC5ED207D3D" box="[667,789,1341,1368]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 11a, d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF98FFF4FF22FA99EB3779B6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF98FFEAFF22FA99EA8F7E12" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2016]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFF22FA99EF0E7D1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1377,1403]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF98FFEAFEA3FA99EC0F7D1E" box="[326,570,1377,1403]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFEA3FA99EC0F7D1E" box="[326,570,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was introduced by 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFCC3FA99EDD37D1E" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[806,998,1377,1403]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
to distinguish colonies from Trémies submarine cave (near Cassis, Marseille, 
<collectingCountry id="FC86767EFF98FFEAFD83FA7DEC817DFA" box="[614,692,1413,1439]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">France</collectingCountry>
) previously attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF98FFEAFC3DFA7DEB1D7DC5" authority="(Harmelin 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Harmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[984,1320,1413,1440]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulnerata">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFC3DFA7DEA547DFA" box="[984,1121,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">S. vulnerata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFB97FA7DEB157DC5" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[1138,1312,1413,1440]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="793 - 806" refId="ref24670" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1969) Bryozoaires des grottes sous-marines obscures de la region Marseillaise: faunistique et ecologie. Tethys, 1, 793 - 806." type="journal article" year="1969">Harmelin 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from true colonies of this species collected at Concepcion Bank (Canary Islands). 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFC27FA51EA4D7DA6" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[962,1144,1449,1475]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin (1977</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 17) distinguished the new species based on the smaller colony size, the slightly granular cryptocyst and the rounded morphology of the opesiules. These diagnostic characters can also be observed in the colony deposited at MNHN, catalogue number MNHN_IB_2008-13068 (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFE5EF9EDEC127E55" box="[443,551,1557,1584]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1577,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. a, b. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. Holotype MNHN_IB_2008-13068. Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf. a. General view of the colony. b. Close-up of an autozooid. c, d. Setosella rossanae n. sp. MNHN_IB_ 2013-998 Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf, originally labelled as Setosella cavernicola and stored as a syntype at MNHN. c. General view of the colony. d. Close-up of an autozooid. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626510/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 8a, b</figureCitation>
), and indicated as the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF98FFEAFCFAF9EDEDB47E4A" box="[799,897,1557,1583]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in the MNHN web collection database (accessible at https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ib/item/2008-13068?listIndex=2&amp;listCount=37; accessed 
<date id="F02F102EFF98FFEAFF72F9A5EF217E12" box="[151,276,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2019-11-19">19.11.2019</date>
), although 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFE71F9A5EC657E12" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[404,592,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
does not provide any information on the type material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF98FFF5FF22F979EC1E789E" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,2016]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,153,251]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
In addition, 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFEB4F979EC337EFE" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[337,518,1665,1691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin (1977</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 16) illustrated a group of zooids with four opesiules, stating that the number of opesiules can double in some colonies. The two illustrations also differ in the position of the vibraculum with respect to the autozooid, placed distolaterally in fig. 16 and distally in fig. 17. Four opesiules and disto-laterally placed vibraculum characterise one of the colony (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFD2DF915ED067F6D" box="[712,819,1773,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1577,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. a, b. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. Holotype MNHN_IB_2008-13068. Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf. a. General view of the colony. b. Close-up of an autozooid. c, d. Setosella rossanae n. sp. MNHN_IB_ 2013-998 Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf, originally labelled as Setosella cavernicola and stored as a syntype at MNHN. c. General view of the colony. d. Close-up of an autozooid. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626510/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 8c, d</figureCitation>
), out of six, deposited at the MNHN, catalogue number MNHN_IB_2013-998 (accessible at https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/ib/item/2013-998?listInde x=3&amp;listCount=37; accessed 
<date id="F02F102EFF98FFEAFE0FF8CDEC527F2A" box="[490,615,1845,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" value="2019-11-19">19.11.2019</date>
). Both the number of opesiules and position of vibracula are constant within colonies in the type series as well as in the material examined for this study. Consequently, we separate the two species: 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF98FFEAFECEF885ECB37FF2" authority="Harmelin, 1977" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[299,646,1917,1943]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFECEF885EFF97FF2" box="[299,460,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFE30F885ECB37FF2" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[469,646,1917,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF98FFEAFD2CF885ED1E7FF2" box="[713,811,1917,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MNHN_IB_2008-13068 (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFBBCF885EAFD7FFD" box="[1113,1224,1917,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1577,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. a, b. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. Holotype MNHN_IB_2008-13068. Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf. a. General view of the colony. b. Close-up of an autozooid. c, d. Setosella rossanae n. sp. MNHN_IB_ 2013-998 Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf, originally labelled as Setosella cavernicola and stored as a syntype at MNHN. c. General view of the colony. d. Close-up of an autozooid. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626510/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 8a, b</figureCitation>
) and we introduce a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF98FFEAFEA5F859EFF57FDE" authority="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020" authorityName="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou" authorityYear="2020" box="[320,448,1953,1979]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rossanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFEA5F859EFF57FDE" box="[320,448,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">S. rossanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF98FFEAFE22F859EC337FDE" bold="true" box="[455,518,1953,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADD65787FF98FFEAFE22F859EC337FDE" box="[455,518,1953,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(described below), to which we attribute the colony in MNHN_IB_2013-998 figured here (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF98FFEAFEF4F83DEFB57F85" box="[273,384,1989,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1577,1602]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1435,275,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. a, b. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. Holotype MNHN_IB_2008-13068. Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf. a. General view of the colony. b. Close-up of an autozooid. c, d. Setosella rossanae n. sp. MNHN_IB_ 2013-998 Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf, originally labelled as Setosella cavernicola and stored as a syntype at MNHN. c. General view of the colony. d. Close-up of an autozooid. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626510/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 8c, d</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF98FFEAFE73F83DEC1B7FBA" author="Zabala, M." box="[406,558,1989,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 836" refId="ref27768" refString="Zabala, M. (1986) Fauna dels bryozous dels Paisos Catalans. Barcelona. Institut D'estudis Catalans Seccio de Ciencies, 84, 1 - 836." type="journal article" year="1986">Zabala (1986</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 82A) illustrated the co-occurrence of two, four and five equidimensional opesiules in different autozooids in the same colony with inconstant vibracula always placed distolaterally to autozooids, which it is likely to be a mixture of characters observed in several different colonies as also proved for other bryozoan species (e.g. Rosso 1999).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D0EE6666FF87FFF5FF72F9D1EB6A7ECB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626510/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" startId="16.[151,250,1577,1602]" targetBox="[151,1435,275,1542]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF87FFF5FF72F9D1EB6A7ECB" blockId="16.[151,1436,1577,1710]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FF72F9D1EF267E27" bold="true" box="[151,275,1577,1602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
a, b. 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FEAFF9D1ECFE7E24" authority="Harmelin, 1977" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[330,715,1577,1602]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FEAFF9D1EC117E24" box="[330,548,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF87FFF5FDCCF9D1ECFE7E24" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[553,715,1577,1602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype MNHN_IB_2008-13068. Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf. a. General view of the colony. b. Close-up of an autozooid. c, d. 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FBF8F9B5EAEC7E00" authority="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020" authorityName="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou" authorityYear="2020" box="[1053,1241,1613,1637]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rossanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FBF8F9B5EAEC7E00" box="[1053,1241,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Setosella rossanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FB3BF9B6EB227E03" bold="true" box="[1246,1303,1614,1638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADD65787FF87FFF5FB3BF9B6EB227E03" box="[1246,1303,1614,1638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
MNHN_IB_ 2013-998 Trémies submarine cave near Cassis, Marseille, Lion Gulf, originally labelled as 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FBCFF989EB367EEC" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[1066,1283,1649,1673]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FBCFF989EB367EEC" box="[1066,1283,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and stored as a syntype at MNHN. c. General view of the colony. d. Close-up of an autozooid. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF87FFF5FF22F924EF517FE3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1756,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FF22F924EF8C7E93" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[199,441,1756,1782]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FF22F924EF8C7E93" box="[199,441,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears well characterised, and easily distinguishable from all congeners, based on its two, large-sized, circular opesiules and distal vibraculum coaxial with the associated proximal autozooid, and narrow ooecium lacking a window but with a small frontal pseudopore. 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FC4CF8DCEA647F5B" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1882" box="[937,1105,1828,1854]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="folini">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FC4CF8DCEA647F5B" box="[937,1105,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Setosella folini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a distally placed vibraculum coaxial with the associated proximal autozooid but differs in having free-living, ring-shaped colonies and slit-like opesiules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF87FFF4FF22F868EB3779B6" blockId="16.[151,1437,1756,2034]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,153,467]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FF22F868EF837FCF" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[199,438,1936,1962]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FF22F868EF837FCF" box="[199,438,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
autozooids are variable in size and shape.Although the size of autozooids rapidly increases in the zone of astogenetic change like in other congeners, the size of vibracula appears to be constant. Autozooidal shape seems to change remarkably in 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF87FFF5FD87F820ED347F97" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[610,769,2008,2034]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF87FFF5FD87F820ED347F97" box="[610,769,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably because it encrusts particularly uneven surfaces in cavities of concretional walls and ceilings of submarine caves. In this habitat, 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF86FFF4FBE1FF61EA9178D6" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[1028,1188,153,179]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF86FFF4FBE1FF61EA9178D6" box="[1028,1188,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in the inner dark recesses and in the transition zone between dark and semi-dark cave sectors (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF86FFF4FB86FF45EB2578B2" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[1123,1296,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="793 - 806" refId="ref24670" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1969) Bryozoaires des grottes sous-marines obscures de la region Marseillaise: faunistique et ecologie. Tethys, 1, 793 - 806." type="journal article" year="1969">Harmelin 1969</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF86FFF4FAFEFF45EEEB789E" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Gerovasileiou, V. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A." pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="707 - 726" refId="ref27084" refString="Rosso, A., Gerovasileiou, V., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A. (2019 a) Bryozoan assemblages from two submarine caves in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Marine Biodiversity, 49 (2), 707 - 726. http: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 018 - 0846 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF86FFF4FA80FF46EBA078B2" box="[1381,1429,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">et al</emphasis>
. 2019 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF86FFF4FF37FF19EEEB789E" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Gerovasileiou, V. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A." box="[210,222,225,251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref27151" refString="Rosso, A., Gerovasileiou, V., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A. (2019 b) Undisclosed bryodiversity of submarine caves of the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Proceedings of the 2 nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Dark Habitats, RAC / SPA 2019, Antalya, 2019, 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2019b), where food supply is limited. Colonies reach a relatively large size (
<quantity id="43699B0BFF86FFF4FBA5FF19EAAB789E" box="[1088,1182,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
in diameter) and often autozooids show evidence of multiple regenerations with intramural buds visible as series of mural/oral rims. Up to seven distal oral rims have been counted, and as many roughly concentric, mural rims of superimposed cryptocystal layers, progressively shifting distally up to the autozooid mid-line (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF86FFF4FC44FEB5EA2A7902" box="[929,1055,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,486,1506]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 11a, c</figureCitation>
). In these repeatedly regenerated autozooids, the opesia becomes smaller and irregularly shaped. Regenerations have also been observed in some ovicells and vibracula, although more rarely. Regenerations also occur following breakage of autozooids at any point along walls. All these features suggest that colonies persist for long time and are able to ‘self-repair’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D0EE6666FF86FFF4FF72F95BEF9B7F28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626512/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" startId="17.[151,250,1699,1724]" targetBox="[194,1393,485,1672]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF86FFF4FF72F95BEF9B7F28" blockId="17.[151,1436,1699,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF86FFF4FF72F95BEF277ED9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1699,1724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF86FFF4FEFCF95CECA37ED9" authority="Harmelin, 1977" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[281,662,1699,1724]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF86FFF4FEFCF95CEFC77ED9" box="[281,498,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF86FFF4FE1DF95BECA37ED9" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[504,662,1699,1724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
PMC. B26. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. General aspect of the colony after bleaching, showing no evidence of spiral growth. b. Cluster of zooids with a single pair of large opesiules and distal vibracula coaxial with the associated autozooid. c. Periancestrular area of the colony before bleaching. d. Two ovicellate autozooids, one still missing the associate distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, c = 200 μm; d = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D0EE6666FF85FFF7FF72F96AEF187FE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626514/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" startId="18.[151,250,1682,1707]" targetBox="[186,1401,181,1656]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF85FFF7FF72F96AEF187FE1" blockId="18.[151,1437,1682,1924]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF85FFF7FF72F96AEF167ECE" bold="true" box="[151,291,1682,1707]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF85FFF7FEC9F96BEC827ECE" authority="Harmelin, 1977" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[300,695,1682,1707]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF85FFF7FEC9F96BEC3C7ECE" box="[300,521,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF85FFF7FDF7F96AEC827ECE" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[530,695,1682,1707]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF84FFF6FF22FF60EF6E79B6" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF84FFF6FF22FF60EF6E79B6" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FF22FF60EF5478D6" bold="true" box="[199,353,152,179]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FE82FF61EC6378D6" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[359,598,153,179]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FE82FF61EC6378D6" box="[359,598,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently known mostly from submarine caves. First reported (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FAD4FF61EEE778B2" author="Harmelin, J. - G." pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="793 - 806" refId="ref24670" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1969) Bryozoaires des grottes sous-marines obscures de la region Marseillaise: faunistique et ecologie. Tethys, 1, 793 - 806." type="journal article" year="1969">Harmelin 1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FF3AFF45EF2D78B2" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[223,280,189,215]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
) from the dark recesses of the Trémies cave near Marseille (about 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF84FFF6FBF2FF45EA7178B2" box="[1047,1092,189,215]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
depth), it has repeatedly been cited from the same area (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FE53FF19EC56789E" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[438,611,225,251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="10 - 25" refId="ref24829" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1986) Patterns in the distribution of bryozoans in the Mediterranean marine caves. Stygologia, 2, 10 - 25." type="journal article" year="1986">Harmelin 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FD88FF19EC9C789E" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[621,681,225,251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref24859" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (2000) Ecology of cave and cavity dwelling bryozoans. In: Herrera-Cubilla, A. &amp; Jackson, J. B. C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11 th International Bryozoology Association Conference. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, pp. 38 - 55." type="book chapter" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
), and new colonies were more recently found in submarine caves of the eastern Mediterranean. 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FE22FEFDEC82797A" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[455,695,261,287]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FE22FEFDEC82797A" box="[455,695,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is common in the Plemmirio Peninsula, Syracuse, eastern coast of Sicily, W Ionian Sea, and the Lesvos Island, NE Aegean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FCB7FED1EA1D7926" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Gerovasileiou, V. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A." box="[850,1064,297,323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="707 - 726" refId="ref27084" refString="Rosso, A., Gerovasileiou, V., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A. (2019 a) Bryozoan assemblages from two submarine caves in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Marine Biodiversity, 49 (2), 707 - 726. http: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 018 - 0846 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FC45FED2EDE77926" box="[928,978,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
. 2019 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FBF9FED1EA1D7926" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Gerovasileiou, V. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A." box="[1052,1064,297,323]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref27151" refString="Rosso, A., Gerovasileiou, V., Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Guido, A. (2019 b) Undisclosed bryodiversity of submarine caves of the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Proceedings of the 2 nd Mediterranean Symposium on the conservation of Dark Habitats, RAC / SPA 2019, Antalya, 2019, 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="2019">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2019b, as 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FB4DFED1EB387926" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[1192,1293,297,323]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FB4DFED1EB387926" box="[1192,1293,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Setosella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1), in all the caves sampled at date (three and two, respectively). However, following the introduction of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FB31FEB5EB617902" authority="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020" authorityName="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou" authorityYear="2020" box="[1236,1364,333,359]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rossanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FB31FEB5EB617902" box="[1236,1364,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">S. rossanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FAB9FEB5EBA97902" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,333,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADD65787FF84FFF6FAB9FEB5EBA97902" box="[1372,1436,333,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(see below), the occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FE14FE89ECA779EE" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[497,658,369,395]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FE14FE89ECA779EE" box="[497,658,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and/or 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FD0DFE89ED5D79EE" authority="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou, 2020" authorityName="Rosso &amp; Martino &amp; Gerovasileiou" authorityYear="2020" box="[744,872,369,395]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rossanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FD0DFE89ED5D79EE" box="[744,872,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">S. rossanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FC8AFE89ED9B79EE" bold="true" box="[879,942,369,395]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADD65787FF84FFF6FC8AFE89ED9B79EE" box="[879,942,369,395]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in submarine caves from the Medes Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FF7AFE6DEF0579D5" author="Zabala, M." box="[159,304,405,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1 - 836" refId="ref27768" refString="Zabala, M. (1986) Fauna dels bryozous dels Paisos Catalans. Barcelona. Institut D'estudis Catalans Seccio de Ciencies, 84, 1 - 836." type="journal article" year="1986">Zabala 1986</bibRefCitation>
), and in shallow bathyal bottoms (
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depth) from the Sicily Strait (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FB6DFE6DEB0179CA" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[1160,1332,405,431]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="171 - 172" refId="ref24784" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1979) Apercue de la faune bryozoologique bathyale du Detroit Siculo-Tunisien: Rapports et Proces-verbaux de la Commission internationale pour l'exploitation de la Mer Mediterraneen, 25 - 26 (4), 171 - 172." type="journal article" year="1979">Harmelin 1979</bibRefCitation>
) remains to be ascertained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D0EE6666FF84FFF6FF72FA01EC597EC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626516/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" startId="19.[151,250,1529,1554]" targetBox="[151,1435,486,1506]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF84FFF6FF72FA01EC597EC7" blockId="19.[151,1437,1529,1698]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FF72FA01EF147E77" bold="true" box="[151,289,1529,1554]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FECFFA02EC817E77" authority="Harmelin, 1977" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[298,692,1529,1554]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FECFFA02EC337E77" box="[298,518,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FDEAFA01EC817E77" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[527,692,1529,1554]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="1057 - 1076" refId="ref24738" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1977) Bryozoaires du banc de la Conception (Nord des Canaries). Campagne Cineca I de ' Jean Charcot'. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie 3, 492, 1057 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1977">Harmelin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF84FFF6FF22F929EB7A7FFB" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF84FFF6FF22F929EB7A7FFB" blockId="19.[151,1437,1744,1951]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FF22F929EF197E8E" bold="true" box="[199,300,1745,1771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FED1F928EC137E8F" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[308,550,1744,1770]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FED1F928EC137E8F" box="[308,550,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Setosella cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is typical of submarine caves where it has been found in small cavities of organogenic concretions collected along walls and ceilings (
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depth), in dark recesses and in transitional areas between semi-dark and dark sectors. Its occurrence in shallow bathyal bottoms must be checked, also in order to maintain the species within the ecological contingent of taxa typical of submarine caves and deep-water habitats (group 3 of 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FEFFF899EFDB7F1E" author="Rosso, A. &amp; Sanfilippo, R. &amp; Taddei Ruggiero, E. &amp; Di Martino, E." box="[282,494,1888,1915]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref27307" refString="Rosso, A., Sanfilippo, R., Taddei Ruggiero, E. &amp; Di Martino, E. (2013 b) Faunas and ecological groups of Serpuloidea, Bryozoa and Brachiopoda from submarine caves in Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 52 (3), 167 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
Rosso 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FE80F899EFA37F1F" box="[357,406,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
. 2013b
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF84FFF6FDE5F898EC8E7F1E" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[512,699,1888,1915]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" pagination="38 - 55" refId="ref24859" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (2000) Ecology of cave and cavity dwelling bryozoans. In: Herrera-Cubilla, A. &amp; Jackson, J. B. C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11 th International Bryozoology Association Conference. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, pp. 38 - 55." type="book chapter" year="2000">Harmelin (2000)</bibRefCitation>
stated that colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF84FFF6FC5EF899EA6F7F1F" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityYear="1977" box="[955,1114,1888,1915]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF84FFF6FC5EF899EA6F7F1F" box="[955,1114,1888,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are obligate spots, each consisting of less than 10 zooids, but several colonies in the Plemmirio and Lesvos caves are comparably large.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>