treatments-xml/data/0C/38/87/0C3887F8FF8EFFFEFF72FF61EF417ACE.xml

<document id="9E9576CEE2B5B06F5A611C241702237D" ID-CLB-Dataset="24262" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94eadef1-6ab1-41c8-aaad-dbb35a16a147" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626494" ID-ZooBank="3E4C6C25-3630-4842-A776-F87CF2E693FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579850025340" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rosso, A., Martino, E. Di &amp; Gerovasileiou, V." docDate="2020" docId="0C3887F8FF8EFFFEFF72FF61EF417ACE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4728.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4728 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Setosella spiralis Silen 1942" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="428" masterDocId="F001FF80FF97FFE5FFE5FFF8EE357865" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="426" updateTime="1698778755698" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="31D6B468ABBF7BD9A6A34D75B0578D44" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="372747D821505F393442192651729F62">
<mods:title id="EE10453F89DC373A255B67E48BCC3C33">Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F27CEE11AD939C8EAC704EDC1B19B1DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="68130A30715A1F81DD6304CCA270CF07">
<mods:roleTerm id="18C1E440C7F3EFB6E57C77D8B3597893">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="76DCACB3CA514EB772B5EFAC278E4343">Rosso, A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2D60A7C15A1426EA0020D365351522E0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A4346F53B5EEFADB5F38576317BAFBA1">
<mods:roleTerm id="6CAAA44656A8D1B266213BFF05C4EA2B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2B92C24389FEE26DD1EAC1C63159E575">Martino, E. Di</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D7B3786188F186D1E06A5B27AF739993" type="personal">
<mods:role id="33C978EFAEB65DCB558A11DA354AFF97">
<mods:roleTerm id="2C64DBB689BAB908084CB3511B799A4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6AE9A6A028A3658031BDEEEC984D9A87">Gerovasileiou, V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4217E4FE252909C8F56BE0D8C0010A43">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="413F5B13AFC2A4EAC6B2D4055D3670D3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="833CCBE715E564C404660CAA03ACD914">
<mods:title id="93C7410B700D4ACC75233215730BFCDE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BEF86412DFEB505A9BAF52B28EC5F6E5">
<mods:date id="801C61D7AA6AFDDF90302983075C028A">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8E2AFFDC8476B2A32830407250917F64" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B584845F9CAC2CF6BCA6C734A74FA47C">2020-01-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6BD99F70B591EE06FF68C508F7DE9288" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0186066BCAEBDE8401B55301BE01A8D8">4728</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1D3FB84BF9ACED0E67DDB6ED3A45E238" type="issue">
<mods:number id="59E70D440721E00CE0BB56A67AB7FD8B">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5FB2C67ABE472BEA8382CD6611B06280" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0886CDCBE17488049B4E1F1088D1D008">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7B6675E91F3B94020783969E3F0F7B8E">442</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="71C9BD7469FC69DE7782EDA25DC4DD3C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9AFCE044D4B59AE55D6B67014827EBC7" type="CLB-Dataset">24262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BADC12250318C05F70DCDB7047A19886" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B28E96954DF77AC0FFF052513ED4F2E0" type="GBIF-Dataset">94eadef1-6ab1-41c8-aaad-dbb35a16a147</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B068960F88474731A01A5EFDC59783E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="674E7D264AE4B15689FE61BCF0A4C1EA" type="Zenodo-Dep">3626494</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B4FF3BAC7502B58F097D7A96DCB18B9" type="ZooBank">3E4C6C25-3630-4842-A776-F87CF2E693FD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0C3887F8FF8EFFFEFF72FF61EF417ACE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5586289" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161838346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5586289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C3887F8FF8EFFFEFF72FF61EF417ACE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C3887F8FF8EFFFEFF72FF61EF417ACE" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8EFFFCFF72FF61EFC478D6" box="[151,497,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8EFFFCFF72FF61EFC478D6" blockId="25.[151,497,153,216]" box="[151,497,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<heading id="DF668182FF8EFFFCFF72FF61EFC478D6" bold="true" box="[151,497,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8EFFFCFF72FF61EFC478D6" ID-CoL="6YM62" authority="Silen, 1942" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,497,153,180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFF72FF61EFC478D6" bold="true" box="[151,497,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFF72FF61EF5778D1" bold="true" box="[151,354,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Setosella spiralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8EFFFCFE8CFF61EFC478D6" author="Silen, L." box="[361,497,153,180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8EFFFCFF72FF45EFFE78BD" box="[151,459,189,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="description">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8EFFFCFF72FF45EFFE78BD" blockId="25.[151,497,153,216]" box="[151,459,189,216]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
(
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFF7AFF45EF1478BD" box="[159,289,189,216]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionStartId-2="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId-2="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="29" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15–17</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C9130355FF8EFFFCFEC9FF45EFBF78B2" box="[300,394,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[144,232,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. List of material used in the present study and deposited at the Palaeontological Museum of the University of Catania. The list is organized by species and contains related details. In the last columns the species name is given as reported in previously published papers, including additional information about localities, samples and context of the research. Graham, Terribile, Amendolara and Apollo are offshore banks. Biocoenoses are indicated as follows: C, coralligenous; CB, white corals; DC, coastal detritic; DE, muddy detritic; DL, offshore detritic; GO, obscure caves; GSO, semi-obscure caves; PE, heterogeneous communities; SGCF, coarse sands and fine gravels swept by bottom currents; VP, bathyal muds. Abundances are abbreviated as follows: RR, 1–2; R, 3–10; C, 11–20; A, 21–50; AA,&gt;50 where numbers indicate colonies or fragments. Depths are often indicated as ranges in modern samples and are estimated for fossil samples. In ‘References’ authors’ names are abbreviated as: DG, Di Geronimo; M, Mastrototaro; P, Poluzzi; R, Rosso; + means et al." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0EE6666FF91FFE3FF75FE32EF437AD9" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" tableUuid="D0EE6666FF91FFE3FF75FE32EF437AD9">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C9130355FF8EFFFCFE7DFF45EF9D78B2" box="[408,424,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[144,232,569,595]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the main skeletal characters among Setosella species. Abbreviations: Diam, diameter; Anc, ancestrula; Op, opesia; Opes, opesiules; Ov, ovicell; Z, Autozooid. NO, not observed; Vibr, vibracula. Measurements for colony diameter are given in mm" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0EE6666FF9BFFE9FF75FDC1EA987A12" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" tableUuid="D0EE6666FF9BFFE9FF75FDC1EA987A12">2</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C9130355FF8EFFFCFE51FF45EFF778BD" box="[436,450,189,216]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="32.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="TABLE 5. Measurements of Setosella spiralis, Setosella alfioi n. sp. and Setosella folini. Abbreviations: Anc, ancestrula; Ch, chamber; L, length; Op, opesia; Opes, opesiules; Oe, ooecium; Vibr, vibracula; W, width; win, window; Z, autozooid; NA, not applicable. Measurements are given in µm, as ranges and mean values plus/minus standard deviation, followed by the number of measurements made in brackets." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0EE6666FFB7FFC5FF72FF62EC85797B" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" tableUuid="D0EE6666FFB7FFC5FF72FF62EC85797B">5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8EFFFCFF72FEFAEC82797C" box="[151,695,257,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8EFFFCFF72FEFAEC82797C" blockId="25.[151,695,257,282]" box="[151,695,257,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8EFFFCFF72FEFAEFC1797F" ID-CoL="6YM62" authority="Silen, 1942: p. 4" authorityName="Silen" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,500,257,282]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFF72FEFAEF70797F" box="[151,325,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Setosella spiralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8EFFFCFEAEFEF9EFF7797F" author="Silen, L." box="[331,450,257,282]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén, 1942</bibRefCitation>
: p. 4
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 3; pl. 2, fig. 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8EFFFCFF72FEBFEF3C7997" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8EFFFCFF72FEBFEF3C7997" blockId="25.[151,1437,327,2011]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFF72FEBFEFB17907" bold="true" box="[151,388,327,354]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Examined material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="34F93CB3FF8EFFFCFE6EFEB0EBAC79E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2558273970" elevation="575" latitude="36.758335" location="North Atlantic Ocean" longLatPrecision="118" longitude="-14.203333" municipality="Josephine Bank" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8EFFFCFE6EFEB0EFC67907" box="[395,499,328,354]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
SMNH-Type-1893, 
<location id="814E6035FF8EFFFCFD3EFEB0EDFB7907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C3887F8FF8EFFFEFF72FF61EF417ACE:814E6035FF8EFFFCFD3EFEB0EDFB7907" box="[731,974,328,354]" latitude="36.758335" longLatPrecision="118" longitude="-14.203333" municipality="Josephine Bank" name="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">North Atlantic Ocean</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="644AAC94FF8EFFFCFC3CFEB0EAB87907" box="[985,1165,328,354]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Josephine Bank</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E1A55029FF8EFFFCFB7DFEBFEB257907" box="[1176,1296,327,354]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="45,5" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" precision="92" value="36.758335">36°45,5’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E1A55029FF8EFFFCFAF9FEB0EBAD7907" box="[1308,1432,328,354]" degrees="14" direction="west" minutes="12,2" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" precision="92" value="-14.203333">14°12,2’W</geoCoordinate>
, 340–430 fathoms (
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFE88FE95EFB579E3" box="[365,384,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFE6DFE93EC3E79E2" box="[392,523,363,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="m" value="575.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="500.0">
<elevation id="0FBCD1DDFF8EFFFCFE6DFE93EC3E79E2" box="[392,523,363,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="m" value="575.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="500.0">500–650 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), Josephine Expedition 1869, a dead colony on the external surface of a bivalve
</materialsCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8EFFFCFF72FE69EF3279CE" box="[151,263,401,427]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, same collection number and details as the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8EFFFCFD10FE68ED6E79CF" box="[757,859,400,426]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: (1) five dead colonies, two on internal surfaces of bivalve shells, one on an unidentified bioclast, and two on a 
<date id="F02F102EFF8EFFFCFCDDFE4BED6179AB" box="[824,852,435,462]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">4x</date>
2.5x 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFC60FE4BEDE579AA" box="[901,976,435,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
biogenic concretion; (2) a live colony on a bioclast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8EFFFFFF22FE03EA8E78B2" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="description">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8EFFFFFF22FE03EA8E78B2" blockId="25.[151,1437,327,2011]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFF22FE03EF6C7A73" bold="true" box="[199,345,507,534]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Description.</emphasis>
Colony small, including 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFD97FE05ECB07A73" box="[626,645,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">c.</emphasis>
20 zooids, exceptionally 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFC47FE04EDEF7A73" box="[930,986,508,534]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.398" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="in" value="37.0">37 in</quantity>
the largest available colony, entirely adhering to the substratum, consisting of spirally arranged zooids typically in a single right-coiled row and tightly adherent whorls giving a very solid appearance (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFD73FDBCECCC7A3B" box="[662,761,579,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFCE1FDBCED057A3A" box="[772,816,580,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">16a</figureCitation>
). Each autozooid budding a disto-lateral daughter zooid from an elliptical septulum (
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFE30FD9FEC7F7AE6" box="[469,586,615,643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 µm</quantity>
long) located at about mid-length on the right side (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFB77FD90EB247AE7" box="[1170,1297,615,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFAF8FD90EB517AE7" box="[1309,1380,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">16a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFA95FD90EBBA7AE7" box="[1392,1423,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">17</figureCitation>
). A smaller, comparably more distally located subcircular pore (
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFCBFFD73EDE57AC2" box="[858,976,651,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 µm</quantity>
wide) present on its left side, seemingly inactive at the periphery of the colony, but functional to connect zooids in two subsequent whorls. New budded zooids variable in position in relation to the parental zooid, from disto-lateral at an angle of 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFB8AFD2DEAB77A8B" box="[1135,1154,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">c.</emphasis>
45° with the longitudinal axis of the parental zooid, to mid-lateral or even proximo-lateral and subparallel (or sometimes orthogonal) with the longitudinal axis of the parental zooid. In one of the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8EFFFCFD3EFCE5ED7C7B52" box="[731,841,797,823]" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, the second periancestrular zooid contemporaneously buds three zooids (one distally and two disto-laterally) developing a ‘triple’ spiral (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFBD5FCB8EAB67B3F" box="[1072,1155,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Autozooids thick in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFEE9FC9CEF5A7B1B" box="[268,367,867,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFE9CFC9CEF927B1A" box="[377,423,868,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">16d</figureCitation>
), irregularly elongate and asymmetrical in frontal view, with a cuneiform proximal end and a straight oblique termination on the left side contributing to the continuous, regularly curved colony edge. Lateral gymnocyst contributing to zooidal asymmetry, extensively exposed and gently sloping proximally only on the right side, except in zooids of the peripheral whorl, where it is largely exposed and steeply sloping towards the base also on the disto-lateral left side (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFE32FC0CEC677C6A" box="[471,594,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Fig. 16a, b</figureCitation>
). Frontal area ovoidal to rhomboidal, bordered by a raised, thin and smooth rim. Cryptocyst extensive, slightly depressed and relatively flat, imperforate except for two opesiules, with variably inclined lateral and proximal edges, gently raising distally to form the proximal border of the opesia; sculptured with roughly radially aligned, fine granulations in the proximal half and along lateral edges, and coarser granulations in the flat area between the opesiules and the proximal margin of the opesia (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFC37FB7CEA657CFA" box="[978,1104,1155,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15d, e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFBB9FB7CEABC7CFA" box="[1116,1161,1156,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">17b</figureCitation>
). Opesia transversely Dshaped, approximately as long as wide, with an arched, deeply-located distal shelf of coarse granulations, occupying about one-third of the opesial width, and a proximal straight to gently convex proximal border with two slightly marked lateral indentations (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFE3CFB08EC6C7D6E" box="[473,601,1263,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15d, e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFD83FB08ECA77D6E" box="[614,658,1264,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">16e</figureCitation>
). Opesiules paired (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFC97FB08EDC77D6E" box="[882,1010,1263,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15d, e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFBE5FB08EA197D6F" box="[1024,1068,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">16d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFBDDFB08EA507D6E" box="[1080,1125,1264,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">17d</figureCitation>
), smooth-sided, subcircular to elongate or irregularly-shaped, placed at about zooidal mid-length in the most depressed area of the cryptocyst, at 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFF72FAC1EE9F7D37" box="[151,170,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFF57FACFEECE7D36" box="[178,251,1335,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 µm</quantity>
from the opesia. Vibraculum subglobular to subtriangular in frontal view, budded at the very disto-lateral end of each autozooid, highly inclined to orthogonal, on the right side of the associated zooid and often coaxial to the next autozooid in the row (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFE00FA78EC7C7DFF" box="[485,585,1407,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFDB6FA78ECB57DFE" box="[595,640,1408,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">17b</figureCitation>
); cystid visible only along the colony margin, swollen, somewhat asymmetrical with a protruding gymnocystal bulge on the left side; opesia acorn-shaped with blunt condyles separating the subelliptical talon from the short, slightly flared rostrum with a median shallow furrow (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFB4CFA30EB327D87" box="[1193,1287,1479,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Fig. 15f</figureCitation>
); mandibular seta slender, more than twice as long as an autozooid, directed radially outside the colony in most zooids (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFADCFA14EE9D7E4E" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Fig. 17c, d</figureCitation>
); circular (
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8EFFFCFEC7F9E9EF1B7E4F" box="[290,302,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">c</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFED9F9E8EF9A7E4E" box="[316,431,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14–20 µm</quantity>
in diameter), uniporous septula located on the distolateral corners and on the proximo-lateral left corner, visible on the colony periphery. Ovicells (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFCF2F9CCED507E2A" box="[791,869,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
b–d) only observed in some zooids of the peripheral whorl, as a gently swollen prominence distal to the opesia; ectooecium smooth defined by a marked flam-shaped margin and with an asymmetrical, subcircular window (
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8EFFFCFCF4F984EDB27EF2" box="[785,903,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="426" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="40.0">40–80 µm</quantity>
wide, mean 65 μm) pierced by a median pore. Terminal, subimmersed ovicell cleithral, with distinct ooecium; the proximal border of the ooecium deeply arched with lateral wings joining the mural rim almost at opesial corners, producing dimorphic opesiae with lateral indentations in ovicellate zooids. Ancestrula (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFDA5F910EC8B7F66" box="[576,702,1767,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15b, c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFD2CF910ED3B7F66" box="[713,782,1768,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">16b, c</figureCitation>
) oval, nearly as large as the first budded zooids, but decidedly smaller than later autozooids; a narrow rim of gymnocyst exposed distally; cryptocyst gently sloping towards the opesia, smooth, occupying less than half of the proximal frontal area, tapering disto-laterally and disappearing distally; opesia nearly eight-shaped owing to symmetrical indentations of the mural rim, the proximal lobe wider. Opesia, or sometimes the whole frontal surface of the ancestrula, occluded by a coarsely granular plate. Ancestrula budding a single zooid with reversed polarity disto-laterally on the right side, and two vibracula, one disto-laterally, caudate, visible beyond the first budded zooid, and the second one nearly mid-laterally on the left side (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8EFFFCFAFCF838EBA27FBF" box="[1305,1431,1983,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="426">Figs 15a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8DFFFFFF72FF61EEEA78D1" box="[151,223,153,180]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">16a, b</figureCitation>
). Closure plates sealing the opesia observed only in periancestrular autozooids in small colonies, but also in later autozooids (excluding those in peripheral rows) in larger colonies (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8DFFFFFC5BFF45EA0A78B2" box="[958,1087,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Figs 15b, d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8DFFFFFBAEFF45EA4278B2" box="[1099,1143,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">16b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8DFFFFFB66FF45EA9B78B2" box="[1155,1198,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">17a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D0EE6666FF8DFFFFFF72FB02EA6F7DC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" startId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" targetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8DFFFFFF72FB02EA6F7DC6" blockId="26.[151,1436,1274,1443]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8DFFFFFF72FB02EF147D76" bold="true" box="[151,289,1274,1299]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8DFFFFFECDFB02EC637D76" authority="Silen, 1942" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[296,598,1274,1299]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8DFFFFFECDFB02EFE27D77" box="[296,471,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Setosella spiralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8DFFFFFE3BFB02EC637D76" author="Silen, L." box="[478,598,1274,1299]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8DFFFEFF22FA29EF68797A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8DFFFEFF22FA29EF68797A" blockId="26.[151,1436,1489,2019]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,153,683]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8DFFFFFF22FA29EF0E7D8E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1489,1515]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Remarks.</emphasis>
Most of the studied colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8DFFFFFD48FA29ED5B7D8E" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[685,878,1489,1515]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8DFFFFFD48FA29ED5B7D8E" box="[685,878,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Setosella spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are thick and characterised by a readily apparent spiral arrangement, resulting from the tightly and regular coiling of either a single or multiple, uniserial zooidal rows. A single colony exhibits a three-spiral arrangement. In contrast, there is no sign of the double spiral arrangement described by 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8DFFFFFE88F9C5EFC77E32" author="Silen, L." box="[365,498,1597,1623]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén (1942</bibRefCitation>
, p. 5). It is worth of note that the three-spirally coiled colony in the collection (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8DFFFFFA8AF9C5EE817E1E" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) shows evidences of organic tissues, including frontal membranes, opercula and vibracular setae, suggesting that it was alive when collected. This contrasts with 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8DFFFFFD59F97DED617EFA" author="Silen, L." box="[700,852,1669,1695]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén’s (1942</bibRefCitation>
, p. 4, 5) statement that none of the colonies he had available was alive or had traces of vibracular setae. However, Silén’s description of an additional spiral, derived from the first spiral and not directly from the ancestrula, corresponds well with present observation (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8DFFFFFAC9F935EBBA7E8D" box="[1324,1423,1741,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,697,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626526/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
). Also, some ovicells occur in this colony that were not mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8DFFFFFC72F909EA107F6E" author="Silen, L." box="[919,1061,1777,1803]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén (1942)</bibRefCitation>
. As 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8DFFFFFBB1F909EAD57F6E" author="Silen, L." box="[1108,1248,1777,1803]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén (1942)</bibRefCitation>
reported to have available only five colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8DFFFFFE0AF8EDEC6A7F4A" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[495,607,1813,1839]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8DFFFFFE0AF8EDEC6A7F4A" box="[495,607,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">S. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all encrusting “small shells and worm tubes”, it is likely that the biogenic concretion with the two additional colonies (including the only live and fertile specimen) included in the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8DFFFFFAD9F8C1EBA97F36" box="[1340,1436,1849,1875]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
series were added later. The occurrence of the large, three-spiral colony on the concretion indicate that colonies tend to grow larger and to last longer if larger and more persistent substrata are available, although they become more irregular, possibly in relation to surface roughness. As already pointed out by 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8DFFFFFBA4F85DEAFB7FDA" author="Silen, L." box="[1089,1230,1957,1983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, zooidal morphology is generally constant but the size of both zooids and vibracula is highly variable, remarkably and progressively increasing from the periancestrular zone to the growing termination of a whorl. Regenerations are common in both zooids and vibracula, especially in large colonies. Up to two intramural buds were counted in the vibracula (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8CFFFEFA8FFF45EE8A789E" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1274,1299]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,229,1254]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Holotype: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. General appearance of the colony. b. Periancestrular area showing the ancestrula with two associated vibracula and the reversally budded first zooid. c. Close-up of the ancestrula with a granular closure plate. d. Periancestrular zooids and vibracula. e. Close-up of a peripheral zooid with extensively exposed distal gymnocyst. f. Vibraculum showing evidence of intramural budding. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm; f = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626524/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figs 15f</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8CFFFEFF2EFF19EECD7899" box="[203,248,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">17d</figureCitation>
), while up to five intramural buds, as nested rims in the opesia and cryptocyst, were observed in the autozooids (
<figureCitation id="1CAA2A6BFF8CFFFEFF15FEFDEF65797A" box="[240,336,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1407,1432]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[156,1430,174,1388]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5’N, 14°12,2’W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626528/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Fig. 17e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8CFFFEFF22FED0EDB77A7E" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8CFFFEFF22FED0EDB77A7E" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,683]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFF22FED0EF547926" bold="true" box="[199,353,296,323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8CFFFEFE8CFED1EC1E7926" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[361,555,297,323]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFE8CFED1EC1E7926" box="[361,555,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Setosella spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently known exclusively from the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8CFFFEFBE3FED1EA037926" box="[1030,1078,297,323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Josephine Bank in the NE Atlantic, from which colonies were collected in the 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8CFFFEFCD9FEB4ED897902" box="[828,956,332,359]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="575.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="500.0">500–650 m</quantity>
depth range during the Josephine Expedition in 1869. Although the species was never recorded again after its original description (
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8CFFFEFB6AFE89EB3B79EE" author="Silen, L." box="[1167,1294,369,395]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref27471" refString="Silen, L. (1942) On Spiral Growth of the Zoaria of certain Bryozoa. Arkiv for Zoologi, Stockholm, 34 A (2), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1942">Silén 1942</bibRefCitation>
), the present re-examination of the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8CFFFEFE6AFE6DEF8A79CA" box="[399,447,405,431]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">type</typeStatus>
material ascertains that both living and dead colonies were collected. 
<bibRefCitation id="E0004B1FFF8CFFFEFB35FE6DEEEE79B6" author="Reverter-Gil, O. &amp; Souto, J. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E." pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="157 - 170" refId="ref26369" refString="Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J. &amp; Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. (2012) New and little known species of Bryozoa from Iberian Atlantic waters. Zoosystema, 34 (1), 157 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2012 n 1 a 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
Reverter-Gil 
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFA81FE6EEBA079CA" box="[1380,1429,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al</emphasis>
. (2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 166) reported as possibly fitting in the definition of 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8CFFFEFCB0FE41EDF379B6" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[853,966,441,467]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFCB0FE41EDF379B6" box="[853,966,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">S. spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies from a nearby locality, the Lion Seamount near 
<collectingRegion id="4655F80CFF8CFFFEFEACFE25EF937992" box="[329,422,477,503]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Madeira</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="E1A55029FF8CFFFEFE52FE24EC057992" box="[439,560,476,503]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="15,4" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" precision="92" value="35.256668">35°15,4’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E1A55029FF8CFFFEFDD8FE24EC887992" box="[573,701,476,503]" degrees="15" direction="west" minutes="34,6" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" precision="92" value="-15.576667">15°34,6’W</geoCoordinate>
), and a comparable depth (
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8CFFFEFC17FE25EA747992" box="[1010,1089,477,503]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</quantity>
). However, the identity of this material previously identified as 
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8CFFFEFDEDFDF9ECBA7A7E" baseAuthorityName="Harmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[520,655,513,539]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vulnerata">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFDEDFDF9ECBA7A7E" box="[520,655,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">S. vulnerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, must be ascertained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC8B6565FF8CFFFEFF22FDDDEF417ACE" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="842E36EEFF8CFFFEFF22FDDDEF417ACE" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,683]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFF22FDDDEF197A5A" bold="true" box="[199,300,549,575]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43914D6DFF8CFFFEFED1FDDDEFC27A5A" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[308,503,549,575]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Setosellidae" genus="Setosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spiralis">
<emphasis id="B6E5EAFCFF8CFFFEFED1FDDDEFC27A5A" box="[308,503,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Setosella spiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually encrusts the convex side of small bioclasts (mostly mollusc shells, as the 
<typeStatus id="5B2A884CFF8CFFFEFF72FDB1EECE7A01" box="[151,251,585,612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) less than 1 cm-sized, but two colonies were found on the concave surface of a concretion about 
<quantity id="43699B0BFF8CFFFEFAA2FDB1EB4A7A06" box="[1351,1407,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Thus, this species seems adapted to the colonisation of small substrata in soft bottoms of the upper bathyal zone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>