236 lines
34 KiB
XML
236 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="1ED8D06E8DF47270426175739A4B7EBD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195067" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35cdc20a-5cad-44f7-9f7a-f706d7dace29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195067" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460222042960" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Koch, André, Gaulke, Maren & Böhme, Wolfgang" docDate="2010" docId="03E6336C0039075BFF12FB3A0005C22F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02446p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2446" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Varanus cumingi Martin 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFDF4B1400330757FF85FF850148C623" masterDocTitle="Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698237814941" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="04D5C5497BEA31BB6A65F1F1E599078C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BF9F55E8557202EC10ECF07449C3F108">
|
||
<mods:title id="29210F3E456257644723B6130B9E5165">Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E2E26A9636C4F90EF46DC2D07006DEA1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1F9442F48BB24D0084F0B83AEFD81DC1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C261EF1BDB118F4150991E25DD21625C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BCFACD4F2356BC2021FF49FAAC73B0C2">Koch, André</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="65936A1815422BE9A0E5597C632C3543" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DE32327986C7EECD6DBA8FC8928D9316">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="324BB1127F14AEF42283485BA56A5E30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F5B5BDE1DE83EDAB1B1CFD7B65DE8E52">Gaulke, Maren</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3EFF8223D39B832AAB392EC693330C18" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E376650614062A870361DA10EC788102">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A5D14DD64433FEB72F31A33355F894A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6E9E5382E05F07456DFEC704EF898425">Böhme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="992B8F7211ECDFB0663929169BF5AC27">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B91D9C225FA8EAED0D3FFBB36DC09770" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="717EAC32DF36647E84EEF7D534A8A9A0">
|
||
<mods:title id="08AC6CF362885D77C91C03F87200BFBC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="EF8CF988E4D226C6A83DBC51EC90ADF0">
|
||
<mods:date id="59588D1FE6B5FC8BC785D47FD685ED88">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="39E9FB17661A822658CF491504F64733" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="65D706192D032F7D23A722FD9E1A72E7">2446</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="ED72E3E1D979C0A083DD97DFEE73ECBF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F490B7234A8F77662272AB41B17333CD">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="7B9D7DD951784F5B9907BEAD39F258BA">54</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C4D2E92E2F3321B3629AB12EC4583C48">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="59B29E367CC4A99FF97A8B487083F323" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.195067</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1A3E5C05CC431D28EA7A62B8591D68B1" type="GBIF-Dataset">35cdc20a-5cad-44f7-9f7a-f706d7dace29</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A01DB74B3D6C1AEE067CBE07E5D3C8EB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D78EB9A96DE24D2DE974514C95532197" type="Zenodo-Dep">195067</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E6336C0039075BFF12FB3A0005C22F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204328" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E6336C0039075BFF12FB3A0005C22F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E6336C0039075BFF12FB3A0005C22F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C355D1F10039075DFF12FB3A0079C2DF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0039075DFF12FB3A0359C2FA" blockId="10.[151,529,1215,1276]" box="[151,529,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="D0B835160039075DFF12FB3A0359C2FA" bold="true" box="[151,529,1215,1241]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90039075DFF12FB3A0359C2FA" authority="Martin, 1838" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,529,1215,1241]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFF12FB3A0359C2FA" bold="true" box="[151,529,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFF12FB3A002EC2FA" bold="true" box="[151,358,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Varanus cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B0039075DFEEBFB3A0359C2FA" author="Martin" box="[366,529,1215,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Martin, W. (1838) On two specimens of saurian reptiles sent to the society by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838, 68 - 70." type="proceedings paper" year="1838">Martin, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0039075DFF12FB670079C2DF" blockId="10.[151,529,1215,1276]" box="[151,305,1250,1276]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13749EFF0039075DFF12FB670079C2DF" box="[151,305,1250,1276]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4. V. c" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-10="FIGURE 14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStart-5="FIGURE 9" captionStart-6="FIGURE 10" captionStart-7="FIGURE 11" captionStart-8="FIGURE 12" captionStart-9="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="11.[151,259,979,1003]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,255,1666,1690]" captionStartId-10="22.[151,255,1961,1985]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,255,1844,1868]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,255,1950,1974]" captionStartId-4="16.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionStartId-5="19.[151,256,1976,2000]" captionStartId-6="20.[151,257,1364,1388]" captionStartId-7="21.[151,255,1065,1089]" captionStartId-8="21.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionStartId-9="22.[151,256,735,759]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1383,182,967]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1422,1129,1629]" captionTargetBox-10="[151,1434,1210,1939]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,1088,1817]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1404,1195,1910]" captionTargetBox-4="[384,1203,1221,1835]" captionTargetBox-5="[162,1430,1412,1943]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1430,843,1332]" captionTargetBox-7="[248,1373,220,1053]" captionTargetBox-8="[302,1284,1174,1911]" captionTargetBox-9="[153,1420,216,691]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[202,1384,182,970]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,1118,1645]" captionTargetId-10="figure@22.[151,1436,1210,1940]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[151,1436,1069,1831]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[151,1436,1165,1927]" captionTargetId-4="figure@16.[384,1203,1221,1835]" captionTargetId-5="figure@19.[151,1436,1389,1955]" captionTargetId-6="figure@20.[151,1436,829,1343]" captionTargetId-7="figure@21.[224,1374,194,1055]" captionTargetId-8="figure@21.[302,1285,1174,1911]" captionTargetId-9="figure@22.[151,1436,194,714]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-10="22" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionTargetPageId-5="19" captionTargetPageId-6="20" captionTargetPageId-7="21" captionTargetPageId-8="21" captionTargetPageId-9="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. V. c. cumingi from west Mindanao showing the typical dorsal colour pattern of indistinctive yellow transverse bands, an interrupted medio-dorsal stripe, and a predominantly yellow head with few dark markings. Photo by Maren Gaulke." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of the lectotype of V. c. cumingi (BMNH 1946.8.31.5). The original labels which according to Günther (1872) were written by H. Cuming and W. Martin read “ Isle of Mindana [d] o ” and “ Mindana [d] o, 57.6. 13 186 [the former collection number], Varanus Cumingii ”, respectively. Photo by André Koch." captionText-10="FIGURE 14. An adult specimen of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. from Leyte Island. Photo by Maren Gaulke." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Dorsum of the lectotype of V. c. cumingi (BMNH 1946.8.31.5) showing the colour pattern of indistinctive yellow transverse bands. Photo by André Koch." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Drawing of the head of the lectotype of V. c. cumingi (BMNH 1946.8.31.5) from Günther (1872). Note the enlarged occipital scales characteristic for this Philippine monitor species. The triangle shaped pattern of the neck was mentioned in the description by Martin (1838) supporting the specimen’s original type status. Photo by André Koch." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Riverine habitat of V. c. cumingi on Mindanao along the Hibong river. Photo by Maren Gaulke." captionText-5="FIGURE 9. Dorsal view of the male holotype (ZFMK 64713) of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. from Samar Island. Photo by André Koch." captionText-6="FIGURE 10. Ventral view of the male holotype (ZFMK 64713) of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. Photo by André Koch." captionText-7="FIGURE 11. Portrait of the holotype (ZFMK 64713) of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. Note the tongue is pigmented only above. Photo by André Koch." captionText-8="FIGURE 12. Asulcal view of the hemipenes of ZFMK 64713, the holotype of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. Photo by André Koch." captionText-9="FIGURE 13. Dorsal view of the female paratype (ZFMK 64712) of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. Photo by André Koch." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/195071/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/195072/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/195082/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/195073/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/195074/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/195075/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/195076/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/195077/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/195078/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/195079/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/195080/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 4–14</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C355D1F10039075DFF12FAA805DEC364" box="[151,1174,1325,1351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0039075DFF12FAA805DEC364" blockId="10.[151,1437,1325,1762]" box="[151,1174,1325,1351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFF12FAA80068C364" bold="true" box="[151,288,1325,1351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
No synonyms of this
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F358C2EA0039075DFDA7FAA803D3C364" box="[546,667,1325,1351]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
monitor species are known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B0039075DFC69FAA805C1C364" author="Bohme" box="[1004,1161,1325,1351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" refString="Bohme, W. (2003) Checklist of the living monitor lizards of the world (family Varanidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 341, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="2003">Böhme 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C355D1F10039075BFF43FAD70005C22F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0039075DFF43FAD703AEC0C1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1325,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFF43FAD7000EC34F" bold="true" box="[198,326,1362,1388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The diagnosis following the arguments by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B0039075DFCF4FAD70567C34F" author="Gaulke" box="[881,1071,1362,1388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1992 a) Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science, 121 (4), 345 - 381." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B0039075DFBF0FAD70428C34F" box="[1141,1376,1362,1388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refString="Koch, A., Auliya, M., Schmitz, A., Kuch, U. & Bohme, W. (2007) Morphological studies on the systematics of South East Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. In: Horn, H-G, Bohme, W. & Krebs, U. (Eds), Advances in Monitor Research III. Mertensiella, 16, pp. 109 - 180." type="journal article">
|
||
Koch
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFB46FAD6044CC34F" box="[1219,1284,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was modified only with respect to scalation features due to the enlarged data set for this study. As a conspicuous member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90039075DFED1FA180090C395" box="[340,472,1437,1462]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFED1FA180090C395" box="[340,472,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">V. salvator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFDDFFA180390C395" box="[602,728,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">V. c u m i n g i</emphasis>
|
||
can be identified by two main features: (1) the intensive yellow colour pattern of head and body in combination with the black background colour; (2) possessing enlarged occipital scales around the pineal organ (character P = 46–57, mean = 49.89); (3) enlarged dorsal scales (characters X = 21–33, mean = 27.79; Y = 86–103, mean = 92.63; and XY = 114–136, mean = 120.42); and (4) low scale counts around the tail at one third of the tail length (character R = 42–55, mean = 47.57). Additional characteristics of the colour pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90039075DFD69F9DD0220C052" box="[748,872,1624,1649]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680039075DFD69F9DD0220C052" box="[748,872,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">V. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are (5) more-or-less distinct longitudinal black ocelli on the ventral side of the tail; (6) a pronounced black streak extending from the eye to the upper margin of the tympanum; (7) usually a unicoloured yellow chin without dark bars or crossbands; and (8) eight to fifteen dark lateral bars or crossbands on the belly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF30D2F20038075CFF12FC560070C208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195071/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[202,1383,182,967]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0038075CFF12FC560070C208" blockId="11.[151,1437,979,1067]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFF12FC560069C5C8" bold="true" box="[151,289,979,1003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90038075CFEACFC5100F5C5C8" box="[297,445,980,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cumingi" subSpecies="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFEACFC5100F5C5C8" box="[297,445,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. c. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from west Mindanao showing the typical dorsal colour pattern of indistinctive yellow transverse bands, an interrupted medio-dorsal stripe, and a predominantly yellow head with few dark markings. Photo by Maren Gaulke.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF30D2F20038075CFF12F907050DC0FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195072/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[162,1422,1129,1629]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0038075CFF12F907050DC0FA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1666,1753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFF12F9070052C0B9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1666,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90038075CFDF3F9070249C0BA" box="[630,769,1666,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cumingi" subSpecies="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFDF3F9070249C0BA" box="[630,769,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. c. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1946.8.31.5). The original labels which according to Günther (1872) were written by H. Cuming and W. Martin read “Isle of Mindana[d]o” and “Mindana[d]o, 57.6.13 186 [the former collection number],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90038075CFE68F94703E6C0FA" authority="Cumingii" authorityName="Cumingii" box="[493,686,1730,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFE68F94703E6C0FA" box="[493,686,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Varanus Cumingii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, respectively. Photo by André Koch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0038075CFF43F88703EAC161" blockId="11.[151,1436,1794,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
For details about scalation features and colour pattern of the remaining
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F358C2EA0038075CFBBCF88705F9C13F" box="[1081,1201,1794,1820]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90038075CFA03F88601BFC162" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFA03F88601BFC162" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. salvator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex we refer to
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CDB7C10038075CFE74F8AD031BC161" box="[497,595,1832,1858]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1908]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Descriptive statistics of main morphometric and meristic characters in all six Philippine water monitor taxa compared with V. s. macromaculatus from Borneo. Provided for each character are range (min – max), mean (x) ± standard deviation (SD), and number (n) of specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF30D2F200340750FF12FC6F0218C26B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF30D2F200340750FF12FC6F0218C26B">Tables 3</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CDB7C10038075CFD0EF8AD03D4C161" box="[651,668,1832,1858]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,242,490,514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of colour patterns (A: dorsal side, B: ventral side) of the six Philippine water monitor taxa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF30D2F2003C0758FF12FE6F04D4C421" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF30D2F2003C0758FF12FE6F04D4C421">5</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A0038075CFF43F8C804D4C1F4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1794,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFF43F8C800A0C144" bold="true" box="[198,488,1869,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Intraspecific variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The main morphometrics and scalation features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90038075CFBD9F8C80592C145" box="[1116,1242,1869,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFBD9F8C80592C145" box="[1116,1242,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CDB7C10038075CFF12F8F701B1C1AF" box="[151,249,1906,1932]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,240,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1908]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Descriptive statistics of main morphometric and meristic characters in all six Philippine water monitor taxa compared with V. s. macromaculatus from Borneo. Provided for each character are range (min – max), mean (x) ± standard deviation (SD), and number (n) of specimens examined." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF30D2F200340750FF12FC6F0218C26B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF30D2F200340750FF12FC6F0218C26B">Tables 3</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CDB7C10038075CFEB7F8F7000BC1AF" box="[306,323,1906,1932]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,242,490,514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of colour patterns (A: dorsal side, B: ventral side) of the six Philippine water monitor taxa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF30D2F2003C0758FF12FE6F04D4C421" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF30D2F2003C0758FF12FE6F04D4C421">5</tableCitation>
|
||
. Our investigations confirm striking variation in colour patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F90038075CFBD2F8F6059AC1AF" box="[1111,1234,1907,1932]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E680038075CFBD2F8F6059AC1AF" box="[1111,1234,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B0038075CFAC2F8F701ABC191" author="Gaulke" pageId="11" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1991 a) Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. In: Bohme, W. & Horn, H. - G. (Eds), Advances in Monitor research. Mertensiella, 2, pp. 154 - 167." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 161). In general, specimens from Mindanao, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F43CD80038075CFCABF81D0228C191" box="[814,864,1944,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, show a brighter and less distinct colour pattern on the dorsal side compared with the populations from other islands within the distribution range (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CDB7C10038075CFAEDF83804D4C1F4" box="[1384,1436,1981,2007]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,242,490,514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,656,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of colour patterns (A: dorsal side, B: ventral side) of the six Philippine water monitor taxa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF30D2F2003C0758FF12FE6F04D4C421" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF30D2F2003C0758FF12FE6F04D4C421">Tab.</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A003F075BFF12FF1D030DC50F" blockId="12.[151,1438,152,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
5). On this basis, the Mindanao population has been referred to as the bright morphotype of the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFAB8FF1D04D3C692" box="[1341,1435,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFAB8FF1D04D3C692" box="[1341,1435,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFF38FF380032C6F4" author="Gaulke" box="[189,378,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1992 a) Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science, 121 (4), 345 - 381." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFE33FF3803D1C6F4" box="[438,665,189,215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" refString="Koch, A., Auliya, M., Schmitz, A., Kuch, U. & Bohme, W. (2007) Morphological studies on the systematics of South East Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. In: Horn, H-G, Bohme, W. & Krebs, U. (Eds), Advances in Monitor Research III. Mertensiella, 16, pp. 109 - 180." type="journal article">
|
||
Koch
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFE7AFF380374C6F5" box="[511,572,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Monitors from Mindanao exhibit an obvious tendency towards yellow crossbands on the dorsal side rather than transverse rows of spots or ocelli. In addition, some specimens exhibit a more-or-less continuous yellow medio-dorsal stripe, which extends from the neck towards the base of the tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13749EFF003F075BFE65FEA80360C764" box="[480,552,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. V. c" captionStartId="11.[151,259,979,1003]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,182,967]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,182,970]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. V. c. cumingi from west Mindanao showing the typical dorsal colour pattern of indistinctive yellow transverse bands, an interrupted medio-dorsal stripe, and a predominantly yellow head with few dark markings. Photo by Maren Gaulke." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195071/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In other specimens from Mindanao, an augmentation of yellow transverse rows on the dorsal side is recognisable. The ventral colour pattern of the Mindanao population may consist of V-shaped, pointed bars or crossbands on a bright background colour. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFBF9FEFD05B5C7B2" box="[1148,1277,376,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFBF9FEFD05B5C7B2" box="[1148,1277,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Samar, Leyte and Bohol, known as the dark morphotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFD7BFE1802E6C794" author="Gaulke" box="[766,942,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1992 a) Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science, 121 (4), 345 - 381." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFC3EFE1805C4C794" author="Koch" box="[955,1164,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" refString="Koch, A., Auliya, M., Schmitz, A., Kuch, U. & Bohme, W. (2007) Morphological studies on the systematics of South East Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. In: Horn, H-G, Bohme, W. & Krebs, U. (Eds), Advances in Monitor Research III. Mertensiella, 16, pp. 109 - 180." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Koch
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFB81FE18050AC795" box="[1028,1090,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is characterised by a dorsal colour pattern rich in contrast on a black background colour and well defined yellow spots, ocelli or other markings arranged in transverse rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13749EFF003F075BFD35FE6D0242C421" box="[688,778,488,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1210,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,1210,1940]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14. An adult specimen of V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. from Leyte Island. Photo by Maren Gaulke." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195082/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFCA5FE6D0294C421" author="Gaulke" box="[800,988,488,514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1992 a) Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science, 121 (4), 345 - 381." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that specimens from Bohol showed a whitish rather than yellowish throat. Basilan specimens that have also been assigned to the dark phenotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFECFFDB70098C468" box="[330,464,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. c u m i n g i</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFD83FDB70398C46F" author="Gaulke" box="[518,720,562,588]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1992 a) Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science, 121 (4), 345 - 381." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were not available for detailed analysis. Besides these geographical variations in colour pattern, some kind of ontogenetic change in colour pattern is observable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFF12FDF8005BC4B5" box="[151,275,637,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFF12FDF8005BC4B5" box="[151,275,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFED7FDF80379C4B4" author="Wicker" box="[338,561,637,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Wicker, R., Gaulke, M. & Horn, H. - G. (1999) Contributions to the biology, keeping and breeding of the Mindanao water monitor (Varanus s. cumingi). In: Horn, H. - G. & Bohme, W. (Eds), Advances in Monitor Research II, Mertensiella, 11, pp. 213 - 224." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Wicker
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFE2AFDF800A2C4B5" box="[431,490,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Juveniles are much darker. In particular, the head shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFB66FDF8040AC4B5" box="[1251,1346,637,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFB66FDF8040AC4B5" box="[1251,1346,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">salvator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-typical dark crossbands on the snout, and distinct transverse rows of small bright spots on the dorsal side. As the juveniles mature, the characteristic yellow
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFD21FD4D024EC4C2" box="[676,774,712,737]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFD21FD4D024EC4C2" box="[676,774,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colouration becomes more pronounced with extended bright parts on the head and back. This extraordinary colour change is unique for
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFB20FD68046EC525" box="[1189,1318,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. c u m i n g i</emphasis>
|
||
amongst members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFED1FC970099C508" box="[340,465,786,811]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFED1FC970099C508" box="[340,465,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. salvator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A003F075BFF43FCBD02ABC5BF" blockId="12.[151,1438,152,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Due to the geographically correlated differences in colour pattern between allopatric island populations of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFF12FCD80046C555" box="[151,270,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. c u m i n g i</emphasis>
|
||
, we describe the populations from Samar, Leyte, and Bohol as a new subspecies of this remarkable
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F358C2EA003F075BFF12FC070058C5BF" box="[151,272,898,924]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
water monitor species as already claimed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDEFF8B003F075BFCA0FC070297C5BF" author="Gaulke" box="[805,991,898,924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" refString="Gaulke, M. (1991 a) Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. In: Bohme, W. & Horn, H. - G. (Eds), Advances in Monitor research. Mertensiella, 2, pp. 154 - 167." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Gaulke (1991a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0827A003F075BFF43FC220005C22F" blockId="12.[151,1438,152,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFF43FC220081C5E2" bold="true" box="[198,457,935,961]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4FF9F9003F075BFDD1FC2D039BC5E2" box="[596,723,936,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cumingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFDD1FC2D039BC5E2" box="[596,723,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. cumingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed as “least concern” by the IUCN (Sy
|
||
<emphasis id="B93B5E68003F075BFA82FC2D040EC5E2" box="[1287,1350,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007). Nevertheless, this relatively common
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F358C2EA003F075BFDE4FC480395C5C4" box="[609,733,973,999]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
monitor lizard species is suspected decreasing because of overharvesting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |