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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C5F0908FF1DFDC3FDC87642" blockId="77.[151,626,546,573]" box="[151,626,546,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="D09181E62C5F0908FF1DFDC3FDC87642" bold="true" box="[151,626,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FF1DFDC3FDC87642" bold="true" box="[151,626,546,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FE93FDC3FDC87642" ID-CoL="7NXQB" authority="Troschel, 1867" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1867" box="[281,626,546,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Imbricariinae">
Imbricariinae
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FE4CFDC2FDC87642" author="Troschel, F. H." box="[454,626,546,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref127297" refString="Troschel, F. H. (1867) Bericht ¸ ber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Mollusken wahrend des Jahres 1866. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="1867">Troschel, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C37C65012C5F0908FF1DFD8BFDB17026" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C5F0908FF1DFD8BFD857747" blockId="77.[151,1436,618,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FF1DFD8BFEA676FA" bold="true" box="[151,284,618,644]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Discussion.</emphasis>
The presence of mitrid gastropods in the assemblages of Santa Maria was already recognised by Bronn in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FF3EFD6EFEF976D7" author="Reiss, W." box="[180,323,655,681]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss (1862)</bibRefCitation>
who erected the species
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FDD0FD6EFD4476D7" box="[602,766,655,681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="volvaria">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FDD0FD6EFD4476D7" box="[602,766,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mitra volvaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for a specimen from Pinheiros and also recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FAA4FD6EFE8276B3" authority="Bellardi, 1850" authorityName="Bellardi, Hornes" authorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aperta">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FAA4FD6EFA2676D6" box="[1326,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. aperta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FF1DFD52FE8276B3" author="Bellardi, L." box="[151,312,690,717]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref93359" refString="Bellardi, L. (1850) Monografia delle mitre fossili del Piemonte. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 11 (2), 1 - 34, pls. 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59630" type="journal article" year="1850">Bellardi, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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from the same locality.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FDC3FD52FD5C76B3" author="Mayer, K." box="[585,742,691,717]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer (1864)</bibRefCitation>
, refigured the specimen of
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FB91FD52FB1F76B3" box="[1051,1189,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FB91FD52FB1B76B3" box="[1051,1185,691,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="volvaria">M. volvaria</taxonomicName>
,
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considered
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FAA7FD52FA2676B2" authorityName="Bellardi, Hornes" authorityYear="1850" box="[1325,1436,691,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aperta">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FAA7FD52FA2676B2" box="[1325,1436,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. aperta</emphasis>
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from Santa Maria a new species erecting the name
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FD46FD36FC5D768F" authority="Mayer, 1864" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1864" box="[716,999,727,753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hoernesi">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FD46FD36FCEA768F" box="[716,848,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. hoernesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FCDDFD36FC5D768F" author="Mayer, K." box="[855,999,727,753]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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, and described a third species, endemic to Santa Maria,
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FEDBFD1AFD22776B" authority="Mayer, 1864" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1864" box="[337,664,763,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peregrinula">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FEDBFD1AFE41776B" box="[337,507,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. peregrinula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FD8FFD1AFD22776B" author="Mayer, K." box="[517,664,763,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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. The mitrid material collected since then is extremely poor, and all determinations below are speculative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C5F0908FF4DFCA2FB987793" blockId="77.[151,1436,618,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
As discussed by Landau
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FE55FCA2FDA27723" box="[479,536,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(2019:193), placing European Neogene mitrid species into genera is almost impossible after the molecular phylogenetic work of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FD4DFC86FC0D77FF" author="Fedosov, A. &amp; Puillandre, N. &amp; Herrmann, M. &amp; Kantor, Yu. &amp; Oliverio, M. &amp; Dgebuadze, P. &amp; Modica, M. V. &amp; Bouchet, P." box="[711,951,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="253 - 337" refId="ref101726" refString="Fedosov, A., Puillandre, N., Herrmann, M., Kantor, Yu., Oliverio, M., Dgebuadze, P., Modica, M. V. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2018) The collapse of Mitra: molecular systematics and morphology of the Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (2), 253 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 073" type="journal article" year="2018">
Fedosov
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FCA6FC86FCE677FF" box="[812,860,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
. Those authors showed that the three extant Mediterranean species fell into two separate clades that were indistinguishable based on shell characters.
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FAD6FC6AFE7D77B7" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cornicula">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FAD6FC6AFEB877B7" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mitra cornicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FE9AFC4EFE0577B7" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[272,447,942,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FE76FC4EFCAA77B7" authority="Marryat, 1818" authorityName="Marryat" authorityYear="1818" box="[508,784,943,969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cystiscidae" genus="Gibberula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zonata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FE76FC4EFDD177B6" box="[508,619,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. zonata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FDFBFC4EFCAA77B7" author="Marryat, F." box="[625,784,943,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="336 - 339" refId="ref114161" refString="Marryat, F. (1818) Descriptions of two new shells. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 12, 336 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00230. x" type="journal article" year="1818">Marryat, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
they placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FC32FC4EFBFB77B6" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1917" box="[952,1089,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Episcomitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FC32FC4EFBFB77B6" box="[952,1089,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Episcomitra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FBF6FC4EFA2677B7" authority="Lamarck, 1811" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1811" box="[1148,1436,943,969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cornea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FBF6FC4EFB5577B6" box="[1148,1263,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. cornea</emphasis>
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Lamarck,
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in
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FF3EFC32FEDC7793" authority="H. Adams" authorityName="H. Adams" box="[180,358,979,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Isara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FF3EFC32FF557792" box="[180,239,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Isara</emphasis>
H. Adams
</taxonomicName>
&amp; A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FE23FC32FDF07793" author="Adams, H. &amp; Adams, A." box="[425,586,978,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="257 - 484" refId="ref88749" refString="Adams, H. &amp; Adams, A. (1853 - 1854) s. n. In: The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 256 (1853) + 257 - 484 (1854)." type="journal article" year="1853">Adams (1853)</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FDD0FC32FCCC7793" authority="Pallary, 1900" authorityName="Pallary" authorityYear="1900" box="[602,886,979,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Fuscomitra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FDD0FC32FD617792" box="[602,731,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fuscomitra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FD68FC32FCCC7793" author="Pallary, P." box="[738,886,979,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="211 - 422" refId="ref118785" refString="Pallary, P. (1900) Coquilles marines du littoral du deipartment d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie, 48, 211 - 422." type="journal article" year="1900">Pallary, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C5F0908FF1DFBDFFDB17026" blockId="77.[151,523,1086,1113]" box="[151,523,1086,1113]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FF1DFBDFFDB17026" bold="true" box="[151,523,1086,1113]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FF60FBDFFDB17026" authority="Swainson, 1840" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[234,523,1086,1113]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Cancilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FF60FBDFFEF67027" bold="true" box="[234,332,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cancilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FED9FBDFFDB17026" author="Swainson, W." box="[339,523,1086,1112]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref126327" refString="Swainson, W. (1840) A treatise on malacology or shells and shellfish. Longman, London, VIII + 419 pp." type="book" year="1840">Swainson, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C5F0908FF1DFB66FDB370BB" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C5F0908FF1DFB66FDB370BB" blockId="77.[151,1436,1158,1221]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FF1DFB66FE8C70DE" bold="true" box="[151,310,1158,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<typeStatus id="54DD88282C5F0908FF1DFB66FF6870DF" box="[151,210,1159,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C5F0908FECAFB66FC1470DF" ID-CoL="6RLHN" authority="Swainson, 1831" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1831" box="[320,942,1159,1185]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" genus="Mitra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C5F0908FECAFB66FE5970DF" box="[320,483,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mitra isabella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FE67FB66FD1970DF" author="Swainson, W. &amp; Zoological Illustrations" box="[493,675,1159,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="97 - 136" refId="ref126228" refString="Swainson, W. (1829 - 1833) Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Series 2. Vols. 1 - 3. Baldwin &amp; Cradock, London, pls. 1 - 30 (1829) + 31 - 45 (1830) + 46 - 85 (1831) + 86 - 96 (1832) + 97 - 136 (1833)." type="journal article" year="1831">Swainson, 1831</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FD3FFB66FC1C70DF" author="Swainson, W." box="[693,934,1159,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref126327" refString="Swainson, W. (1840) A treatise on malacology or shells and shellfish. Longman, London, VIII + 419 pp." type="book" year="1840">Swainson 1840: 320</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C5F0908FB77FB66FF6970BB" author="Herrmannsen, A. N." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref107781" refString="Herrmannsen, A. N. (1846) Indicis Generum Malacozoorum primordial. Vol. 1. Fischer, Cassel, XXVIII + 637 pp." type="book" year="1846">Herrmannsen, 1846</bibRefCitation>
). Present-day, Indo-Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>