395 lines
45 KiB
XML
395 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B07541170215A122E3F361B2E92321E5">North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C59D02CF5102621F106F915333D96DBA">Liston, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D119129A4D447309C742C9AB85A4E64">Heibo, Erik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56A0B1D31168761B2DBB51803FE7007D">Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B4F82AA590D83493A50DE431E8478BA3">Vårdal, Hege</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="129BD8A6CEBABF501057CCBA2127B13A">Nyman, Tommi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87CC141CBC62B6270DB651A9027FC021">Vikberg, Veli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D182E1906E269D281F900FC47BF1CD6D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B69FE470EA7A8C7713327DBD097BA190">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C95F6FDDC19EF2B6719E0EA6DD2BD223">2017-08-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D4AAFABEED97C3018D40036CDB92B875">4302</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B9953B5C73590EFF48FA7F2094FA4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4902039" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132631116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4902039" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B9953B5C73590EFF48FA7F2094FA4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B9953B5C73590EFF48FA7F2094FA4D" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="C30A77A65C73590FFF48FA7F2351FA68" box="[151,540,1446,1472]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C73590FFF48FA7F2351FA68" blockId="84.[151,540,1446,1472]" box="[151,540,1446,1472]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<heading id="D0E793415C73590FFF48FA7F2351FA68" bold="true" box="[151,540,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFF48FA7F2351FA68" authority="(Benson, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[151,540,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
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||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFF48FA7F2351FA68" bold="true" box="[151,540,1446,1472]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFF48FA7F2011FA68" bold="true" box="[151,348,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Euura triandrae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFEB3FA7F235EFA68" author="Benson" box="[364,531,1446,1472]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Benson, R. B. (1941) On some Pontania species, with a revision of the proxima and herbaceae groups (Hym., Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy, 10 (8), 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1941. tb 00707. x" type="journal article" year="1941">Benson, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A77A65C73590FFF48FA3725C4F82A" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C73590FFF48FA37224AF98A" blockId="84.[151,1436,1517,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<materialsCitation id="3B782E705C73590FFF48FA37224AF98A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1657189059" collectionCode="BMNH" country="United Kingdom" location="Somerset" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Somerset" typeStatus="holotype">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0003035C73590FFF48FA37224AF98A" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFF48FA372362F9AB" authority="Benson, 1941: 131" authorityName="Benson" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,559,1517,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFF48FA372010F9AB" box="[151,349,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pontania triandrae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB1023C5C73590FFEB7FA372362F9AB" author="Benson" box="[360,559,1517,1539]" page="131" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" year="1941">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFEB7FA3720B6F9AB" author="Benson" box="[360,507,1517,1539]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Benson, R. B. (1941) On some Pontania species, with a revision of the proxima and herbaceae groups (Hym., Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy, 10 (8), 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1941. tb 00707. x" type="journal article" year="1941">Benson, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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: 131
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–132. Described:
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<specimenCount id="9D16EFA45C73590FFD33FA3723B2F9AB" box="[748,767,1518,1539]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, gall, recorded host:
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFC39FA342535F9AB" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[998,1144,1517,1539]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFC39FA342535F9AB" box="[998,1144,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Salix triandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54AB9A8F5C73590FFB56FA3425A7F9AB" box="[1161,1258,1517,1539]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D16EFA45C73590FFB27FA372446F9AB" box="[1272,1291,1518,1539]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<collectionCode id="ED01BCE85C73590FFAC3FA372425F9AB" box="[1308,1384,1518,1539]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">BMNH</collectionCode>
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[not examined].
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<typeStatus id="54AB9A8F5C73590FFEE1F9D4203DF98A" box="[318,368,1549,1570]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F30764BD5C73590FFE0FF9D5236AF98A" box="[464,551,1548,1570]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">England</collectingCountry>
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, N.
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<collectingRegion id="49D4EACF5C73590FFD8FF9D523FCF98A" box="[592,689,1548,1570]" country="United Kingdom" name="Somerset" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Somerset</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49D4EACF5C73590FFD64F9D5224EF98A" box="[699,771,1548,1570]" country="United Kingdom" name="City of Bristol" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Bristol</collectingRegion>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C73590FFF48F9F220A8F9E8" blockId="84.[151,1436,1517,1600]" box="[151,485,1578,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFF48F9F220ACF9E8" authority=": Benes (2015 b)" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,481,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFF48F9F22076F9E8" box="[151,315,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Euura triandrae</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFE96F9F320ACF9E8" author="Benes" box="[329,481,1578,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Benes, K. (2015 b) Siropasi blanokridli (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) chranene krajinne oblasti Krivoklatsko. Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of the Krivoklatsko Protected Landscape Area (Central Bohemia). Bohemia centralis, 33, 143 - 173." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">Beneš (2015b)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C73590FFF48F9B425C4F82A" blockId="84.[151,1437,1645,2030]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFF48F9B42346F92E" bold="true" box="[151,523,1645,1670]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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Notes on
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<typeStatus id="54AB9A8F5C73590FFED1F9B42001F92E" box="[270,332,1645,1670]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">types</typeStatus>
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and taxonomy.
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFDC9F9B42380F92E" author="Carleton" box="[534,717,1645,1670]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Carleton, M. (1939) The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 575 - 624." type="journal article" year="1939">Carleton (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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first conducted oviposition experiments on this taxon, which showed that females reared from
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFDD2F94823E4F902" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[525,681,1681,1706]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFDD2F94823E4F902" box="[525,681,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Salix triandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
would not readily oviposit on
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFBDEF94B25C5F902" box="[1025,1160,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
S. ×
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFBE8F94825C5F902" baseAuthorityName="Kopelke" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1079,1160,1681,1706]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">fragilis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and that when they did, galls were undersized, larval mortality high, and the few adults reared were undersized and weak, and would not lay eggs on the "wrong" host. Furthermore, she found phenological differences between sawfly samples reared from these two hosts. Her results led to the tentative conclusion that
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFC0BF927257DF8BD" box="[980,1072,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
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||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFC0BF927257DF8BD" box="[980,1072,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">proxima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFBADF9242591F8BE" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[1138,1244,1789,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFBADF9242591F8BE" box="[1138,1244,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">triandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
might represent "biological races" of the same species, with the caveat that further investigation was required.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFB00F8F824D5F892" author="Kopelke" box="[1247,1432,1825,1850]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (2003 a) Gall-forming Nematinae, their willow hosts (Salix spec.) and biological strategies (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae: Euura, Phyllocolpa, Pontania). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 82 (1 / 2), 163 - 189." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Kopelke (2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFF48F89C219CF8F6" author="Kopelke" box="[151,209,1861,1886]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (2005) The species of the Pontania proxima group in Europe (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 85, 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
) performed similar trials with both
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFDABF89F224DF8F6" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[628,768,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFDABF89F224DF8F6" box="[628,768,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">E. triandrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFCE2F89F22F1F8F5" box="[829,956,1862,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
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<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFCE2F89F22F1F8F5" box="[829,956,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">E. proxima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on a larger number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFB10F89C244AF8F6" baseAuthorityName="Zinovjev & Vikberg" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1231,1287,1861,1886]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFB10F89C244AF8F6" box="[1231,1287,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and similarly recorded that only the "normal" host species was used by the respective females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A77A65C73590EFF18F85725ECFAD0" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C73590EFF18F8572045FD2D" blockId="84.[151,1437,1645,2030]" lastBlockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C73590FFF18F8572023F80E" author="Benson" box="[199,366,1934,1958]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Benson, R. B. (1941) On some Pontania species, with a revision of the proxima and herbaceae groups (Hym., Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy, 10 (8), 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1941. tb 00707. x" type="journal article" year="1941">Benson (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFE2BF857231DF80D" box="[500,592,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFE2BF857231DF80D" box="[500,592,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFD54F85423B8F80E" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[651,757,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFD54F85423B8F80E" box="[651,757,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">triandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were distinguishable by the length of the ovipositor sheath relative to the length of the metatibia, and the length of valvula 3 relative to the combined length of metatarsomeres 1+2. In both cases, the index was stated to be larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFCD5F80F222BF845" box="[778,870,2006,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFCD5F80F222BF845" box="[778,870,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In seven females reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C73590FFB17F80F240FF846" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1224,1346,2005,2030]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C73590FFB17F80F240FF846" box="[1224,1346,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">S. triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and six from
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF08FF4121A1FF07" box="[215,236,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S.</emphasis>
|
||
×
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFED1FF4E2012FF18" baseAuthorityName="Kopelke" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[270,351,151,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFED1FF4E2012FF18" box="[270,351,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we obtained indices of ovipositor sheath length / head width of respectively 0.98–1.14 (mean 1.03) and 0.93–1.27 (mean 1.07). It was not possible to measure the leg parts suggested by Benson, because these could not be seen clearly in most of the available specimens. Nevertheless, we suspect that ovipositor length is not a suitable character for separating these species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFD01FEDD2289FEB4" author="Kopelke" box="[734,964,260,285]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (2005) The species of the Pontania proxima group in Europe (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 85, 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="2005">Kopelke (2005: 87)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his identification key mentioned the following diagnostic characters for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFD29FEF0221FFEE8" box="[758,850,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFD29FEF0221FFEE8" box="[758,850,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFC77FEFE255FFEE8" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[936,1042,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFC77FEFE255FFEE8" box="[936,1042,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">triandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(character state of the latter in parentheses): sawsheath in dorsal view triangular (sawsheath in dorsal view almost evenly rounded); saw slightly curved only in the basal part (saw slightly S-shaped); ctenidea starting at the 2nd annulus (ctenidea starting at the 1st annulus); saw consisting of 23–24 annuli (saw consisting of 24–25 annuli); head and mesonotum with slight microsculpture, mostly not dotted (head and mesonotum with slight microsculpture, normally finely dotted). In the specimens available for examination, we could not detect differences between the two segregates for any of these characters, except for the number of annuli of the lancet. However, the lancets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFB99FDD825EFFDB0" box="[1094,1186,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFB99FDD825EFFDB0" box="[1094,1186,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30764BD5C72590EFF48FDFD21A2FD95" box="[151,239,548,573]" name="Finland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
) had 24 and 25 annuli, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFDE4FDFD23E8FD95" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[571,677,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFDE4FDFD23E8FD95" box="[571,677,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">triandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(one specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30764BD5C72590EFC4CFDFD22BFFD95" box="[915,1010,548,573]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
) had 22 annuli. Ctenidia were present from annulus
|
||
<quantity id="4CE889C85C72590EFEE2FD912020FDC8" box="[317,365,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
all three specimens. We conclude that these two taxa are in practice not morphologically separable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FD5625C8FC60" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFF18FD562037FD00" author="Carleton" box="[199,378,655,680]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Carleton, M. (1939) The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 575 - 624." type="journal article" year="1939">Carleton (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFE6BFD492319FD00" author="Benson" box="[436,596,656,680]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Benson, R. B. (1941) On some Pontania species, with a revision of the proxima and herbaceae groups (Hym., Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy, 10 (8), 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1941. tb 00707. x" type="journal article" year="1941">Benson (1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFDBEFD5623D7FD00" author="Benson" box="[609,666,655,680]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Benson, R. B. (1958) Hymenoptera, Symphyta. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 6 (2 c), 139 - 258." type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) observed that the appearance of the galls of these nominal species differ. Such differences may be a result of physiological and chemical differences in the respective host species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFF41FD01207CFD58" author="Benes" box="[158,305,727,752]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Benes, K. (1968 a) Galls and larvae of the European species of genera Phyllocolpa and Pontania (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Acta entomologica bohemoslovaca, 65 (2), 112 - 137." type="journal article" year="1968" yearSuffix="a">Beneš 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are therefore not necessarily of taxonomic value with respect to the gall-maker.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFB35FD0E24D1FD58" author="Carleton" box="[1258,1436,727,752]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Carleton, M. (1939) The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 575 - 624." type="journal article" year="1939">Carleton (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
undertook no-choice oviposition trials, in which females reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFC0DFD24251DFCBD" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[978,1104,764,789]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFC0DFD24251DFCBD" box="[978,1104,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were offered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFB23FD242422FCBD" baseAuthorityName="Kopelke" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1276,1391,764,789]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFB23FD242422FCBD" box="[1276,1391,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for oviposition, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFE8CFCF82089FC90" box="[339,452,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">vice versa</emphasis>
|
||
. Zinovjev (1999: 207), commenting on the results of Carleton's oviposition tests, wrote that "All galls that developed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFDD6FC9C23CFFCF5" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[521,642,836,861]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFDD6FC9C23CFFCF5" box="[521,642,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[induced by females reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFC20FC9C2521FCF5" baseAuthorityName="Kopelke" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1023,1132,836,861]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFC20FC9C2521FCF5" box="[1023,1132,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] retained shape and colour typical for galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFEA5FCB120A4FC28" baseAuthorityName="Kopelke" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[378,489,871,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFEA5FCB120A4FC28" box="[378,489,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although they were undersized".
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFCACFCBE256AFC28" author="Carleton" box="[883,1063,871,896]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Carleton, M. (1939) The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 575 - 624." type="journal article" year="1939">Carleton (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not however provide such a clear statement of differences: she merely noted (p. 595) that "[galls induced by females reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFAFBFC5424DEFC0D" baseAuthorityName="Kopelke" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1316,1427,908,933]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFAFBFC5424DEFC0D" box="[1316,1427,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] were pale greenish-yellow and never became red on the upper surface as in normal galls".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FC0D23CDFBD5" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFF18FC0D2036FC44" author="Vikberg" box="[199,379,980,1005]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Vikberg, V. (1970) The genus Pontania O. Costa (Hym., Tenthredinidae) in the Kilpisjarvi district, Finnish Lapland. Annales Entomologici Fennici, 36 (1), 10 - 24." type="journal article" year="1970">Vikberg (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has already proposed the formal synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFC10FC0D2574FC45" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[975,1081,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFC10FC0D2574FC45" box="[975,1081,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">triandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFB54FC0C25AAFC44" box="[1163,1255,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFB54FC0C25AAFC44" box="[1163,1255,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the differences in host choice certainly speak for some degree of genetic segregation. Whether these nominal taxa should be regarded as host plant races, or separate species, cannot at present be decided. For the moment, it seems desirable to retain the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFE0EFBE62376FBF0" authorityName=": Benes" authorityYear="2015" box="[465,571,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Euura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFE0EFBE62376FBF0" box="[465,571,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">triandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the rather large number of biological studies that have previously treated these segregates as separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FB5E23AAFB6C" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF18FB5E2000FB08" bold="true" box="[199,333,1159,1184]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
Female: Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE889C85C72590EFD8EFB51239EFB37" box="[593,723,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="3.7" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.9">2.9–4.5mm</quantity>
|
||
. Lateral vertex with obscure brown fleck, to black. Male: none examined. Total number of specimens examined: 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FB1623FBFB4F" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,694,1231,1256]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF18FB162028FB40" bold="true" box="[199,357,1231,1256]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Genetic data.</emphasis>
|
||
See above, under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFDEBFB0823E2FB40" box="[564,687,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFDEBFB0823E2FB40" box="[564,687,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">E. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FB2D25F8FAA5" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[199,1205,1268,1293]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF18FB2D20CDFAA5" bold="true" box="[199,384,1268,1293]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Similar species.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphologically not clearly distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFC69FB2C257CFAA4" box="[950,1073,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFC69FB2C257CFAA4" box="[950,1073,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">E. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see there).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FACE25ECFAD0" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF18FACE2007FA98" bold="true" box="[199,330,1303,1328]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4EACF5C72590EFE8DFAC120CAFA87" box="[338,391,1304,1327]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Host</collectingRegion>
|
||
plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFE08FACE2339FA98" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[471,628,1303,1328]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFE08FACE2339FA98" box="[471,628,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Salix triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFD5BFAC12251FA98" author="Benson" box="[644,796,1304,1328]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Benson, R. B. (1941) On some Pontania species, with a revision of the proxima and herbaceae groups (Hym., Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B: Taxonomy, 10 (8), 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1941. tb 00707. x" type="journal article" year="1941">Benson 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFCF6FACE2280FA98" author="Kopelke" box="[809,973,1303,1328]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (2005) The species of the Pontania proxima group in Europe (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 85, 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="2005">Kopelke 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Biology:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFB95FACE2072FAFC" author="Carleton" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Carleton, M. (1939) The biology of Pontania proxima Lep., the Bean Gall Sawfly of willows. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 40, 575 - 624." type="journal article" year="1939">
|
||
Carleton (1939; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFAFCFAC024D5FA98" box="[1315,1432,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFAFCFAC024D5FA98" box="[1315,1432,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFF65FAE4207EFAFD" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[186,307,1340,1365]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF65FAE4207EFAFD" box="[186,307,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFE93FAE5237FFAFC" box="[332,562,1340,1365]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Hjalten, J., Niemi, L., Wennstrom, A., Ericson, L., Roininen, H. & Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (2007) Variable responses of natural enemies to Salix triandra phenotypes with different secondary chemistry. Oikos. Acta Oecologica Scandinavica, 116 (5), 751 - 758." type="journal article">
|
||
Hjältén
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFE7AFAE42093FAFD" box="[421,478,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFDE1FAE5256EFAFC" author="Leitch" box="[574,1059,1340,1365]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Leitch, I. J. (1994) Induction and development of the bean gall caused by Pontania proxima. In: Williams, M. A. J. (Ed.), Plant Galls. Organisms, Interactions, Populations. The Systematics Association Special Volume No. 49. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 283 - 300." type="book chapter" year="1994">
|
||
Leitch (1994; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFD23FAE4223CFAFC" box="[764,881,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFD23FAE4223CFAFC" box="[764,881,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFC41FAE42555FAFD" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[926,1048,1340,1365]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFC41FAE42555FAFD" box="[926,1048,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFBF0FAE4200FFAD0" author="Magnus" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Magnus, W. (1914) Die Entstehung der Pflanzengallen verursacht durch Hymenopteren. G. Fischer, Jena, 160 pp., 4 pls." type="book" year="1914">
|
||
Magnus (1914; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFADFFAE42434FAFC" box="[1280,1401,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFADFFAE42434FAFC" box="[1280,1401,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFF48FAB9207AFAD0" box="[151,311,1375,1400]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amygdalina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF48FAB9207AFAD0" box="[151,311,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. amygdalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFE91FA8620A5FAD0" author="Niemi" box="[334,488,1375,1400]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Niemi, L. (2006) Spatial patterns in the interaction between Salix triandra and associated parasites. Doctoral Dissertation, Umea University, Umea, 29 pp." type="book" year="2006">Niemi (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Price (2003),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFD52FAB9224BFAD0" author="Rey" box="[653,774,1375,1400]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Rey, L. (1967) Les premiers stades de developpement de la galle de Pontania proxima Lep. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France, 114 (3 - 4), 80 - 95." type="journal article" year="1967">Rey (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFCCEFA862201FAD0" author="Rey" box="[785,844,1375,1400]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Rey, L. (1968) La galle de Pontania proxima Lep.: stades ulterieurs du developpement. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France, 115 (5 - 6), 413 - 424." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFCAAFAB822A3FAD0" box="[885,1006,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pontania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFCAAFAB822A3FAD0" box="[885,1006,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. proxima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C105FAE5C72590EFBC8FAB925DDFAD0" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1047,1168,1375,1400]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFBC8FAB925DDFAD0" box="[1047,1168,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A77A65C72590EFF18FA5D2094FA4D" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF242D5C72590EFF18FA5D2094FA4D" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964F83F5C72590EFF18FA5D202DFA35" bold="true" box="[199,352,1412,1437]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Central and North Europe north to N. Trøndelag in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30764BD5C72590EFC10FA5C2564FA35" box="[975,1065,1413,1437]" name="Norway" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFBE4FA5D25A9FA35" author="Kopelke" box="[1083,1252,1412,1437]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Kopelke, J. - P. (2005) The species of the Pontania proxima group in Europe (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 85, 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="2005">Kopelke 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30764BD5C72590EFF48FA7E21B9FA68" box="[151,244,1447,1472]" name="Sweden" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
: published records;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4EACF5C72590EFE36FA7E2363FA68" box="[489,558,1447,1472]" country="Sweden" name="Skane" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Skåne</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFD9AFA7E22E9FA68" author="Coulianos" box="[581,932,1447,1472]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Coulianos, C. - C. & Holmasen, I. (1991) Galler: en falthandbok om gallbildningar pa vilda och odlade vaxter. Interpublishing, Stockholm, 317 pp." type="book" year="1991">Coulianos & Holmåsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4EACF5C72590EFC60FA7E2570FA68" box="[959,1085,1447,1472]" country="Sweden" name="Norrbotten" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Norrbotten</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Torne älv (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8159DC5C72590EFB06FA7E24DDFA68" author="Wahlgren" box="[1241,1424,1447,1472]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refString="Wahlgren, E. (1929) Cecidiologiska anteckningar. II. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 103 - 122." type="journal article" year="1929">Wahlgren 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Material examined:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D4EACF5C72590EFEA7FA152099FA4D" box="[376,468,1484,1509]" country="Sweden" name="Dalarna" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Dalarna</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |