288 lines
40 KiB
XML
288 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="FEDFFDF0BEE61E1F003E76B4784A5092" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1579.1.3" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5097273" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626203420039" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen & Sanamyan, Nadya" docDate="2007" docId="03B987E8FFDCFFD5E7B6CDDC60E8D4A1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01579p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1579 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1579.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Molgula beringense Sanamyan & Sanamyan 2007, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF80FF90FFD5FFDEE721CD4B6403D568" masterDocTitle="Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1699004092081" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2ED6DB15DE381AFDC746F13943508C0A">
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<mods:title id="BA92BD58862F9DF3ACA546E63C33574F">Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A43B7A34D73B97C7060E4C176C352630" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F2D6F6B85A2956174336B51C7931AC6D">Sanamyan, Karen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCF38A8549FED006EBBF72ED66553A22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9A5038F580998B7107581CE34E0E86FC">Sanamyan, Nadya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B6E3480183171A88431E13D224E31B23">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3DCD64F287FBA4D0A0F2C7085A634DCD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E5FE82036ADA202649251E572268295A">
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<mods:date id="67433E809987AAAC21DC3645EC4C92E0">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AF8CA49A446FD68F11C6528C13E94215">2007-09-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A61E87B773A0F73E567E1A9DF0B0F62A">1579</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="34657D2B76C280D68319DB8B3CEE5950">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1579.1.3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4B652D60238C8234909942EEEC652335">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1C60615E898C0DE4FE1689D9F43D09B1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1579.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B987E8FFDCFFD5E7B6CDDC60E8D4A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987E8FFDCFFD5E7B6CDDC60E8D4A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987E8FFDCFFD5E7B6CDDC60E8D4A1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C30A6575FFDCFFD7E7B6CDDC65C9D5D9" box="[151,458,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD7E7B6CDDC65C9D5D9" blockId="9.[151,458,151,212]" box="[151,458,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="D0E78192FFDCFFD7E7B6CDDC65C9D5D9" bold="true" box="[151,458,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7B6CDDC65C9D5D9" bold="true" box="[151,458,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E7B6CDDC658AD5D9" authority="Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2007" authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,393,151,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beringense" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7B6CDDC658AD5D9" bold="true" box="[151,393,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Molgula beringense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2575797FFDCFFD7E6B1CDDC65C9D5D9" box="[400,458,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6575FFDCFFD7E7B6CDF1650FD5BC" box="[151,268,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD7E7B6CDF1650FD5BC" blockId="9.[151,458,151,212]" box="[151,268,186,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132B2A7BFFDCFFD7E7BECDF16500D5BC" box="[159,259,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[283,1276,632,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-248@10.[266,1321,594,1860]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Molgula beringense sp.n. A, holotype (ZMMU As-95) opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; B, juvenile specimen, body removed from the test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6575FFDCFFD7E7B6CC4166C6D41C" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD7E7B6CC4166C6D41C" blockId="9.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7B6CC416594D44C" bold="true" box="[151,407,266,292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B783CA3FFDCFFD7E688CC4166C6D41C" collectingDate="1990-07-25" collectionCode="RV, ZMMU" county="The" elevation="90" latitude="55.095" location="University" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="165.90334" municipality="Zoological Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moscow" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED01AE3BFFDCFFD7E688CC4165D1D44C" box="[425,466,266,292]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">RV</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E6C0CC416639D44B" box="[481,570,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Keldish</emphasis>
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, cruise 22, st. 2293, 92–
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<quantity id="4CE89B1BFFDCFFD7E4AECC4167C7D44C" box="[911,964,266,292]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="90.0">
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<elevation id="003DD1CDFFDCFFD7E4AECC4167C7D44C" box="[911,964,266,292]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="90.0">90m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE245039FFDCFFD7E4FBCC416057D44C" box="[986,1108,266,292]" degrees="55" direction="north" minutes="05.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" precision="92" value="55.09667">55°05.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE245039FFDCFFD7E34BCC4160EFD44C" box="[1130,1260,266,292]" degrees="165" direction="east" minutes="53.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" precision="92" value="165.89166">165°53.5'E</geoCoordinate>
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–
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<geoCoordinate id="EE245039FFDCFFD7E23FCC416194D44C" box="[1310,1431,266,292]" degrees="55" direction="north" minutes="05.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" precision="92" value="55.095">55°05.7'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE245039FFDCFFD7E7B6CC79651FD424" box="[151,284,306,332]" degrees="165" direction="east" minutes="54.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" precision="92" value="165.90334">165°54.2'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFAE103EFFDCFFD7E60BCC7965C4D424" box="[298,455,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" value="1990-07-25">
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<collectingDate id="EFEAE9D6FFDCFFD7E60BCC7965C4D424" box="[298,455,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" value="1990-07-25">25 July 1990</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D16FD77FFDCFFD7E6F4CC796689D424" box="[469,650,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="62CE4E72FFDCFFD7E5B6CC7966C7D424" box="[663,708,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">The</collectingCounty>
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specimens will be stored in
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCBAC84FFDCFFD7E33FCC79610FD424" box="[1054,1292,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Zoological Museum</collectingMunicipality>
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of
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<collectingRegion id="49D4F81CFFDCFFD7E216CC79619FD424" box="[1335,1436,306,332]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Moscow</collectingRegion>
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<location id="8ECF6025FFDCFFD7E7B6CC116511D41C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987E8FFDCFFD5E7B6CDDC60E8D4A1:8ECF6025FFDCFFD7E7B6CC116511D41C" box="[151,274,346,372]" county="The" latitude="55.095" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="165.90334" municipality="Zoological Museum" name="University" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Moscow">University</location>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED01AE3BFFDCFFD7E603CC116587D41C" box="[290,388,346,372]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54AB885CFFDCFFD7E6B6CC11660BD41C" box="[407,520,346,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED01AE3BFFDCFFD7E532CC11666DD41C" box="[531,622,346,372]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
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As-95.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6575FFDCFFD7E7E7CCC96014D0BC" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD7E7E7CCC96014D0BC" blockId="9.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7E7CCC9655DD4F4" bold="true" box="[198,350,386,412]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Description.</emphasis>
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The specimens have a spherical or oval body,
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<quantity id="4CE89B1BFFDCFFD7E4A1CCC967F3D4F4" box="[896,1008,386,412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, and are covered by thin and sparse hair-like test processes and sand grains, which are mostly attached to the body itself rather than to the hairs. A whole habitus suggests that they live unattached on a soft bottom or in sand. Apertures are close together on the upper surface of the body, siphons probably are long in life, short on contracted preserved specimens, and long on the body removed from the test. The body wall is thin and transparent. The musculature is mostly at and around the siphons and is composed of a continuous layer of circular siphonal muscles, thick, well-spaced muscle bands radiating from the siphons and ending abruptly more or less in a line not reaching middle of the body, and a wide bundle of thin parallel muscle fibers between the siphons (
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<figureCitation id="132B2A7BFFDCFFD7E262CFD1618ED7DC" box="[1347,1421,666,692]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[283,1276,632,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-248@10.[266,1321,594,1860]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Molgula beringense sp.n. A, holotype (ZMMU As-95) opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; B, juvenile specimen, body removed from the test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Two bands of short parallel transverse muscles detected only on some smaller specimens (
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<figureCitation id="132B2A7BFFDCFFD7E3E8CF89611FD7B4" box="[1225,1308,706,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[283,1276,632,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-248@10.[266,1321,594,1860]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Molgula beringense sp.n. A, holotype (ZMMU As-95) opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; B, juvenile specimen, body removed from the test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097289/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig 5B</figureCitation>
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) are along each side of the ventral mid line, interrupted only by the gut loop. About 12 short but much branched branchial tentacles, of which five (two lateral and one ventral) are the largest, are on a short velum. The undulating prebranchial band (characteristic for many
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E582CE71672FD63C" authorityName="Lacaze-Duthiers" authorityYear="1877" box="[675,812,826,852]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molgulidae</taxonomicName>
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) is without dorsal indentation. The dorsal tubercle, with a small, transversely elongated slit, is close to the neural ganglion. The dorsal lamina has a smooth margin. The stigmata are long, making 0.5–1.5 coils. They form regular square rarely interrupted spirals arranged in seven longitudinal rows, the most ventral row with 12 spirals, the others with six, separated by five transverse vessels. Accessory spirals are not present. In two or three most ventral folds the spirals are almost flat, but they form more or less prominent infundibula in the folds on the dorsal half of the branchial sac. Apices of the infundibula are not subdivided. Thin intermediate transverse vessels cross each infundibulum but do not divide the stigmata. Seven well defined branchial folds have internal longitudinal vessels distributed according to a formula: (3)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(10)DL(9)(9)(10)(9)(9)(5)(5). Longitudinal vessels are not present between the folds. The primary gut loop is long, narrow and straight. The rectum, at a right angle to the descending limb of the gut loop, ends in a bilabiate anus with a smooth margin. Gonads are long, almost straight, bending slightly dorsally at their posterior (distal) ends. The left gonad is almost parallel to the primary gut loop, and the right one is parallel to the ventral line, just above and much longer than the small oval renal sac. Each gonad consists of a long central tubular ovary surrounded by rather large, mostly unbranched, regularly distributed testis follicles. Oviducts are of moderate length and open far from the atrial siphon. Vasa efferentia of individual male follicles join a vas deferens on the mesial surface of the ovary. The vas deferens has four to six openings on short papillae distributed evenly along its length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6575FFDCFFD5E7E7C8A960E8D4A1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD7E7E7C8A96724D34C" blockId="9.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7E7C8A9653CD094" bold="true" box="[198,319,1506,1532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The structure of several species described from NE Pacific is not known in detail, but none of the existing descriptions exactly fits the present species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD7E7E6CB7967ABD2E4" blockId="9.[151,1436,266,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
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The newly recorded specimens resemble the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E4D0CB786159D324" authority="(Huntsman, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1009,1370,1586,1612]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apoploa">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E4D0CB786079D324" box="[1009,1146,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. apoploa</emphasis>
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(Huntsman, 1912)
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</taxonomicName>
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(correctly synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E69FCB106726D31C" authority="Herdman, 1898" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1898" box="[446,805,1626,1652]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pugetiensis">
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<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E69FCB10666AD31C" box="[446,617,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. pugetiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDCFFD7E551CB116726D31C" author="Herdman, W. A." box="[624,805,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="248 - 267" refId="ref7187" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1898) Descriptions of simple ascidians collected in Puget Sound, Pacific coast. Proceedings and Transactions of Liverpool Biological Society, 12, 248 - 267." type="journal article" year="1898">Herdman, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDCFFD7E471CB116016D31C" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[848,1045,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref7706" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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) in the number of vasa deferentia projecting from the mesial surface of the ovary (up to six according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDCFFD7E334CBC960EDD3F4" author="Huntsman, A. G." box="[1045,1262,1666,1692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="111 - 148" refId="ref7261" refString="Huntsman, A. G. (1912 a) Ascidians from the coasts of Canada. Transactions of the Canadian Institute, 9, 111 - 148." type="journal article" year="1912">Huntsman, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E662CBE065F3D3AC" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1898" box="[323,496,1707,1732]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pugetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E662CBE065F3D3AC" box="[323,496,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. pugetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is short and the detailed structure of gonads not known. They are described as "one ovate mass on each side" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDCFFD7E52CCB996707D384" author="Herdman, W. A." box="[525,772,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="248 - 267" refId="ref7187" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1898) Descriptions of simple ascidians collected in Puget Sound, Pacific coast. Proceedings and Transactions of Liverpool Biological Society, 12, 248 - 267." type="journal article" year="1898">Herdman, 1898: 265</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but the figure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDCFFD7E4E5CB99607CD384" author="Herdman, W. A." box="[964,1151,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="248 - 267" refId="ref7187" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1898) Descriptions of simple ascidians collected in Puget Sound, Pacific coast. Proceedings and Transactions of Liverpool Biological Society, 12, 248 - 267." type="journal article" year="1898">Herdman, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Plate 14,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B2A7BFFDCFFD7E3DDCB996142D384" box="[1276,1345,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[276,1314,396,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-152@12.[264,1319,388,1876]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Molgula tzetlini. A, specimen opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed (KBPIG 1066/8); B, body removed from the test (KBPIG 725/6); C, right gonad and renal sac (KBPIG 700/3); D, gut loop and left gonad of juvenile specimen (KBPIG 723/5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097291/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that the left gonad has a characteristic shape and its axis, at least at the distal (posterior) end of gonad, appears to be perpendicular to the gut loop rather than parallel to it. All specimens originally referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E235CA68619FD254" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1300,1436,1827,1852]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apoploa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E235CA68619FD254" box="[1300,1436,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. apoploa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E7E8CA006577D20C" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1898" box="[201,372,1867,1892]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pugetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7E8CA006577D20C" box="[201,372,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. pugetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only three or four internal longitudinal vessels on each fold of the branchial sac thus distinguishing them from the present species (which has up to ten).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDCFFD4E7E6CAD065F3D442" blockId="9.[151,1436,266,2012]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E7E6CAD06676D2DC" authority="(Huntsman, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[199,629,1946,1972]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hecateia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E7E6CAD06595D2DC" box="[199,406,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Molgula hecateia</emphasis>
|
||
(Huntsman, 1912)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDCFFD7E468CAD1601FD2DC" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[841,1052,1946,1972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref7706" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDCFFD7E340CAD0610DD2DC" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1898" box="[1121,1294,1947,1972]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pugetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDCFFD7E340CAD0610DD2DC" box="[1121,1294,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">M. pugetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, might be a related species, however it is much larger, and although the detailed structure of the gonads is not recorded, the shape appears to be different, more oval, with the left gonad filling the whole secondary gut loop (Huntsman, 1912, Plate 17,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B2A7BFFDFFFD4E6ACCD8B65D1D5B2" box="[397,466,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[301,1296,621,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-221@4.[266,1321,594,1913]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ciona gelatinosa (KBPIG 1127/1). A, body removed from the test; B, rectum and genital papilla; C, position of the specimen on the sea floor (from a photo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097279/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the dorsal lamina forming "a number of large teeth or lobes" (Hutsman, 1912: 131). Although the significance of these features is not known it is unlikely that the present specimens are conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E67ECC5B65EAD441" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[351,489,272,297]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hecateia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E67ECC5B65EAD441" box="[351,489,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. hecateia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDFFFD4E7E6CC73677BD49A" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E7E6CC73666DD43A" authority="(Huntsman, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[199,622,312,338]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E7E6CC736593D439" box="[199,400,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Molgula pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
(Huntsman, 1912)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has, as the present species, seven branchial folds, each with up to 11 internal longitudinal vessels, but the gonads are wide, short and ovate (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDFFFD4E320CC2B60D7D412" author="Huntsman, A. G." box="[1025,1236,352,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" pagination="103 - 185" refId="ref7290" refString="Huntsman, A. G. (1912 b) Holosomatous ascidians from the coast of western Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 1906 - 1910, 103 - 185." type="journal article" year="1912">Huntsman, 1912b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Plate17, Fig. 8). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDFFFD4E618CCC36617D4CA" author="Huntsman, A. G." box="[313,532,392,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" pagination="111 - 148" refId="ref7261" refString="Huntsman, A. G. (1912 a) Ascidians from the coasts of Canada. Transactions of the Canadian Institute, 9, 111 - 148." type="journal article" year="1912">Huntsman (1912a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the structure of gonads is as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E4ADCCC36010D4C9" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[908,1043,392,417]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apoploa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E4ADCCC36010D4C9" box="[908,1043,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. apoploa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but only two vasa deferentia are present. Further, unlike the present species, living unattached on soft bottom,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E306CCFB60AED4A1" baseAuthorityName="Huntsman" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1063,1197,432,457]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E306CCFB60AED4A1" box="[1063,1197,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found attached to a rock on exposed shore and is not covered with attached sand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDFFFD4E7E6CF4B66ECD72A" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E7E6CF4B658CD771" authorityName=": Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[199,399,512,537]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E7E6CF4B658CD771" box="[199,399,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Molgula cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E6F0CF4B664FD771" authorityName="Sanamyan" authorityYear="1993" box="[465,588,512,537]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tzetlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E6F0CF4B664FD771" box="[465,588,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. tzetlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in the same region in the present work have very different gonads and the former has only six branchial folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6F6676FFDFFFD4E7B6CA09671DD213" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5097289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097289/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" startId="10.[151,255,1858,1882]" targetBox="[283,1276,632,1834]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDFFFD4E7B6CA09671DD213" blockId="10.[151,1436,1858,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E7B6CA09651CD232" bold="true" box="[151,287,1858,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E60CCA09660AD231" authority="Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2007" authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,521,1858,1881]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beringense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E60CCA09660AD231" box="[301,521,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Molgula beringense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E537CA09664FD232" bold="true" box="[534,588,1858,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2575797FFDFFFD4E537CA09664FD232" box="[534,588,1858,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, holotype (ZMMU As-95) opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; B, juvenile specimen, body removed from the test.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF36FEFFDFFFD5E7E6CAE460E8D4A1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1967,2033]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDFFFD4E7E6CAE465A0D2A1" author="Redikorzev, V." box="[199,419,1967,1993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" pagination="164 - 212" refId="ref7514" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigation of far Eastern Seas of U. S. S. R., (1), 164 - 212. (In Russian with German descriptions)." type="journal article" year="1941">Redikorzev (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described three species from NW Pacific, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E327CAFB616DD2A1" authority="Redikorzev, 1941" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityYear="1941" box="[1030,1390,1967,1993]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primitiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E327CAFB609BD2A1" box="[1030,1176,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. primitiva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDFFFD4E3BECAE4616DD2A1" author="Redikorzev, V." box="[1183,1390,1967,1993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" pagination="164 - 212" refId="ref7514" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigation of far Eastern Seas of U. S. S. R., (1), 164 - 212. (In Russian with German descriptions)." type="journal article" year="1941">Redikorzev, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a dentate dorsal lamina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E695CA9366F2D299" authority="Redikorzev, 1941" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityYear="1941" box="[436,753,2007,2033]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eobia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E695CA93661FD299" box="[436,540,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. eobia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDFFFD4E502CA9C66F2D299" author="Redikorzev, V." box="[547,753,2007,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" pagination="164 - 212" refId="ref7514" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigation of far Eastern Seas of U. S. S. R., (1), 164 - 212. (In Russian with German descriptions)." type="journal article" year="1941">Redikorzev, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDFFFD4E4FACA936132D299" authority="Verrill, 1871" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1871" box="[987,1329,2007,2033]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retortiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDFFFD4E4FACA936094D299" box="[987,1175,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">M. retortiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Verrill, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(K. San- amyan,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB885CFFDEFFD5E7D4CDD36524D5DA" box="[245,295,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
|
||
revision), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E6F8CDD3674CD5DA" authority="Redikorzev, 1941" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityYear="1941" box="[473,847,152,178]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E6F8CDD36677D5D9" box="[473,628,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. lapidifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDEFFD5E55CCDD3674CD5DA" author="Redikorzev, V." box="[637,847,152,178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" pagination="164 - 212" refId="ref7514" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigation of far Eastern Seas of U. S. S. R., (1), 164 - 212. (In Russian with German descriptions)." type="journal article" year="1941">Redikorzev, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Sea of Okhotsk, might be similar to the present species, but has extremely numerous male openings – 13 on the left gonad and 18 on the right.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDEFFD5E27ACD8B6573D46A" author="Nishikawa, T." pageId="11" pageNumber="66" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref7480" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1991) The ascidians of the Japan Sea 2. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35 (1 / 3), 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa (1991: 157)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compares
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E6D0CDA3668ED469" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityYear="1941" box="[497,653,232,257]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapidifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E6D0CDA3668ED469" box="[497,653,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. lapidifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E5F2CDA367FBD46A" authority="Sars, 1859" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[723,1016,232,258]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siphonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E5F2CDA36770D469" box="[723,883,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. siphonalis</emphasis>
|
||
Sars, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E315CDA3619BD46A" authority=": Tokioka, 1967" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1967" box="[1076,1432,232,258]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E315CDA360D9D469" box="[1076,1242,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. xenophora</emphasis>
|
||
: Tokioka, 1967
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E62DCC5B65AED441" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[268,429,272,297]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siphonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E62DCC5B65AED441" box="[268,429,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. siphonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an unrelated species, with different gonads: a distinctly lobed ovary, no common sperm duct on the mesial surface of the ovary, and a distinct enlargement on the ascending limb of the intestine just before the pole of the gut loop (see Redikorzev, 1916, Fig. 16,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B0FFFDEFFD5E4F0CC2B6093D412" author="Monniot, C." box="[977,1168,352,378]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" pagination="172 - 272" refId="ref7374" refString="Monniot, C. (1969 b) Les Molgulidae des mers europeennes. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Zoologie, 40 (4), 172 - 272." type="journal article" year="1969">Monniot, 1969b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 23). The constant presence of the latter feature is confirmed by examining the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E325CCC360A7D4C9" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[1028,1188,392,417]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siphonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E325CCC360A7D4C9" box="[1028,1188,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. siphonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the White Sea. This feature and the structure of its gonads distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E43ACCFB67B9D4A1" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1859" box="[795,954,432,457]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siphonalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E43ACCFB67B9D4A1" box="[795,954,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. siphonalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D7DFFDEFFD5E323CCFB60AAD4A1" authority="Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2007" authorityName="Sanamyan & Sanamyan" authorityYear="2007" box="[1026,1193,432,457]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beringense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E323CCFB60AAD4A1" box="[1026,1193,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">M. beringense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B964EAECFFDEFFD5E390CCE460E8D4A1" bold="true" box="[1201,1259,431,457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2575797FFDEFFD5E390CCE460E8D4A1" box="[1201,1259,431,457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |