treatments-xml/data/03/87/76/038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823.xml

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<mods:title id="FA31A0191C2578C503A18C012B5644B3">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6270FFD52DEFB18DFD06594A" box="[151,737,1014,1041]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DEFB18DFD06594A" blockId="54.[151,1120,1014,1077]" box="[151,737,1014,1041]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52DEFB18DFD06594A" bold="true" box="[151,737,1014,1041]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
[12] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52DB7B18CFD06594A" ID-CoL="4DKPM" authority="Habu, 1967" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[207,737,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52DB7B18CFEC0594B" bold="true" box="[207,295,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Parena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52C40B18DFE3A594B" bold="true" box="[312,477,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52C96B18DFDAE594B" bold="true" box="[494,585,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">kurosai</emphasis>
Habu, 1967
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6270FFD52DEFB660FB87596F" box="[151,1120,1051,1077]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DEFB660FB87596F" blockId="54.[151,1120,1014,1077]" box="[151,1120,1051,1077]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Habitus: 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52D85B660FE98596F" box="[253,383,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,183,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-28@52.[205,1383,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958993/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 27G–I</figureCitation>
. Male genitalia: 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52F42B660FD68596F" box="[570,655,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,193,991]" captionTargetId="figure-19@55.[151,1436,181,997]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 30. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958999/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52FE3B660FD5D596F" box="[667,698,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,1115,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-53@55.[152,1436,1105,1888]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 31. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Nepal. B Guangdong. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959001/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">31</figureCitation>
. Gonocoxites of ovipositor: 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52E80B660FBBB596F" box="[1016,1116,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6270FFD52DEFB624FB6059EF" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DEFB624FE9059CC" blockId="54.[151,1436,1119,1205]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52DEFB624FF37592D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52DEFB624FF37592D" box="[151,208,1119,1143]" country="Japan" name="Habu" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Tokyo">Habu</location>
, 1967: 164 (type locality: 
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52CA1B61BFDF0592D" box="[473,535,1120,1143]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52F67B624FD84592D" box="[543,611,1119,1143]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
; 
<typeStatus id="549579976270FFD52F15B624FD21592D" box="[621,710,1119,1143]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in NIAES
</materialsCitation>
: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD5282BB624FA76592D" box="[1363,1425,1119,1143]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46270FFD52DBFB605FE9459CC" author="Habu, A." box="[199,371,1150,1174]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="83 - 118" refId="ref110913" refString="Habu, A. (1982) Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 37 (2), 83 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982">Habu, 1982: 116</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DEFB6E6FB6059EF" blockId="54.[151,1436,1119,1205]" box="[151,1159,1180,1205]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52DEFB6E6FDCE59EF" ID-CoL="4DKQW" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2006: 98" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,553,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrasei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52DEFB6E6FEC959EE" bold="true" box="[151,302,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Parena wrasei</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52C4BB6E7FDCE59EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871384" box="[307,553,1180,1205]" country="Japan" location="Hyogo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hyogo" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46270FFD52C4BB6E7FDCE59EF" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[307,553,1180,1205]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006: 98</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52FBBB6E6FCE659EE" box="[707,769,1181,1204]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52E73B6E6FCB459EF" box="[779,851,1181,1205]" country="Japan" name="Hyogo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hyogo</collectingRegion>
; 
<typeStatus id="549579976270FFD52E25B6E7FC5159EE" box="[861,950,1180,1204]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in CDW). 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD5295EB6E7FB6059EF" bold="true" box="[1062,1159,1180,1205]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6270FFD52DEFB698FB935833" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DEFB698FB935833" blockId="54.[151,1437,1250,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52DEFB698FE5D59A6" bold="true" box="[151,442,1250,1277]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type material examined</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52CB1B698FCC259A6" authority="Kirschenhofer" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2006" box="[457,805,1250,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrasei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52CB1B698FCC259A6" bold="true" box="[457,805,1250,1277]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52CB1B698FD9659A7" bold="true" box="[457,625,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Parena wrasei</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52E4DB698FC4559A7" bold="true" box="[821,930,1251,1277]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="549579976270FFD52E4DB698FC4559A7" box="[821,930,1251,1277]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(CDW, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52979B698FB8C59A7" box="[1025,1131,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,183,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-28@52.[205,1383,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958993/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
): male, body length = 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52813B698FF22587B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
, board mounted, &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52CF7B77CFE35587B" box="[399,466,1287,1313]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52C99B77CFDD7587B" box="[481,560,1287,1313]" country="Japan" name="Hyogo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hyogo</collectingRegion>
) / Asako-gun / Okuno-cho / Tochihara / 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52E8BB77CFB9B587B" box="[1011,1148,1287,1313]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1990-07-29">29.VII.1990</date>
T. Ito&quot;, &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD529A7B77CFAC8587B" box="[1247,1327,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parena</taxonomicName>
/? 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52820B77CFEF8581F" authority="BATES" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">perforata BATES</taxonomicName>
/ Ito det.&quot;, &quot; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52CD4B750FCC9581F" box="[428,814,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52CD4B750FE1A581E" box="[428,509,1323,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parena</taxonomicName>
/ spec. / nr. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52FF2B750FCC9581F" authority="BAT" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1873" box="[650,814,1323,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">Perforata BAT</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
/ D.W. Wrase det. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD5297FB750FBC4581F" box="[1031,1059,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">01</emphasis>
&quot;, &quot; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52931B750FB15581E" box="[1097,1266,1322,1349]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Foto / 2005-16</emphasis>
&quot;, &quot; 
<typeStatus id="549579976270FFD5286CB750FA6B581F" box="[1300,1420,1323,1349]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52DEFB734FF045833" box="[151,227,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parena</taxonomicName>
/ wrasei 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6270FFD52C31B734FE625833" box="[329,389,1359,1385]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
/ det. Kirschenhofer 04&quot; [red label], &quot;COLL. WRASE / BERLIN&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6270FFD52DBFB708FA7B58EB" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DBFB708FA7B58EB" blockId="54.[151,1437,1250,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52DBFB708FE7858D7" bold="true" box="[199,415,1395,1421]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Notes on synonym</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52CD5B708FCE158D6" authority="Kirschenhofer" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2006" box="[429,774,1394,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrasei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52CD5B708FCE158D6" bold="true" box="[429,774,1394,1421]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52CD5B708FDB458D7" bold="true" box="[429,595,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Parena wrasei</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: In the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46270FFD5293AB708FACB58D7" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[1090,1324,1395,1421]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), this species was only compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52C99B7ECFD9358EA" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[481,628,1431,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52C99B7ECFD9358EA" box="[481,628,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. After examining the 
<typeStatus id="549579976270FFD52E1EB7ECFC2C58EB" box="[870,971,1431,1457]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, we found that it is identical to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD5285FB7ECFA7258EB" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[1319,1429,1431,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD5285FB7ECFA7258EB" box="[1319,1429,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6270FFD52DBFB7C0FAF05A97" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356270FFD52DBFB7C0FAF05A97" blockId="54.[151,1437,1250,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52DBFB7C0FDFB588E" bold="true" box="[199,540,1466,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Non-type material examined</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F53B7C0FCFB58A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871380" collectingDate="2011-07-29" collectorName="Li Hu" country="Japan" elevation="200" latitude="33.49116" location="Inst. of Zoology" longitude="130.32442" municipality="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52F53B7C0FD9A588F" bold="true" box="[555,637,1467,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52F53B7C0FD9F588F" box="[555,632,1467,1493]" name="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52FFDB7C0FD37588F" box="[645,720,1467,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(IZAS), &quot; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52E47B7C0FC62588F" box="[831,901,1467,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52EE9B7C0FC11588F" box="[913,1014,1467,1493]" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fukuoka</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName id="26DBA2E36270FFD52979B7C0FBA4588F" box="[1025,1091,1467,1493]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Li Hu</collectorName>
leg., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD529FBB7C0FAE1588F" box="[1155,1286,1467,1493]" degrees="33" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="33.49116">N.33.49116</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52875B7C0FA7F588F" box="[1293,1432,1467,1493]" degrees="130.32441" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="130.32442">E130.32441</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52DEFB7A4FF0658A3" box="[151,225,1503,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD52DEFB7A4FF0658A3" box="[151,225,1503,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52D95B7A4FEB958A3" box="[237,350,1503,1529]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2011-07-29">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52D95B7A4FEB958A3" box="[237,350,1503,1529]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2011-07-29">2011.7.29</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52C12B7A4FDC758A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52C12B7A4FDC758A3" box="[362,544,1503,1529]" country="Japan" longitude="130.32442" municipality="Japan" name="Inst. of Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Inst. of Zoology</location>
CAS&quot; &lt;
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52FF8B7A4FD3D58A3" box="[640,730,1502,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 5G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52F91B7A4FCEF58A3" box="[745,776,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,193,991]" captionTargetId="figure-19@55.[151,1436,181,997]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 30. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958999/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">30</figureCitation>
&gt;.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52E5BB7A5FDE45B47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871463" collectingDate="2011-07-29" collectorName="Li Hu" country="Japan" elevation="200" location="Inst. of Zoology" longitude="130.32442" municipality="Japan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52E5BB7A5FC9158A2" bold="true" box="[803,886,1502,1528]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52E5BB7A5FC9758A2" box="[803,880,1502,1528]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52E05B7A4FC2E58A3" box="[893,969,1503,1529]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(HBUM), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52935B7A4FB7958A3" box="[1101,1182,1503,1529]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD529D2B7A4FAE558A3" box="[1194,1282,1503,1529]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Shimen</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52876B7A4FA7F58A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52876B7A4FA7F58A3" box="[1294,1432,1503,1529]" country="China" municipality="Shimen" name="Hupingshan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Hunan">Hupingshan</location>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52DEFB478FECB5B47" box="[151,300,1539,1565]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2004-08-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52DEFB478FECB5B47" box="[151,300,1539,1565]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2004-08-17">2004.VIII.17</collectingDate>
</date>
, Wang Jiliang lgt.&quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F77B478FB3C5B47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871591" box="[527,1243,1539,1565]" country="China" location="Meihuashan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Fujian">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52F77B478FDBD5B47" box="[527,602,1539,1565]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(IZAS), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52FB0B478FCF15B47" box="[712,790,1539,1565]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fujian</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52E59B478FC4A5B47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52E59B478FC4A5B47" box="[801,941,1539,1565]" country="China" name="Meihuashan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Fujian">Meihuashan</location>
, 2007.06, Huang Hao lgt.&quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD5299FB478FD475B3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871352" collectingDate="2008-07-19" country="China" county="Ruyuan county" elevation="1148" latitude="24.9373" location="Ruyang station" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.0211" municipality="Nanling" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Guangdong">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD5299FB478FADA5B47" box="[1255,1341,1539,1565]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(IZAS), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52DDBB45CFECE5B1B" box="[163,297,1575,1601]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62F0BFB96270FFD52C4DB45CFE065B1B" box="[309,481,1575,1601]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ruyuan county</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52C96B45CFDAF5B1B" box="[494,584,1575,1601]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nanling</collectingMunicipality>
reserv., 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52FD1B45CFCB25B1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52FD1B45CFCB25B1B" box="[681,853,1575,1601]" country="China" county="Ruyuan county" latitude="24.9373" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.0211" municipality="Nanling" name="Ruyang station" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Guangdong">Ruyang station</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52E1AB45CFC055B1B" box="[866,994,1575,1601]" degrees="24.93730" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="24.9373">N24.93730</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52E97B45CFB9F5B1B" box="[1007,1144,1575,1601]" degrees="113.02110" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="113.0211">E113.02110</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD529FCB45CFB3C5B1B" box="[1156,1243,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.148" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1148.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD529FCB45CFB3C5B1B" box="[1156,1243,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.148" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1148.0">1148 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52990B45CFA945B1B" box="[1256,1395,1575,1601]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2008-07-19">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52990B45CFA945B1B" box="[1256,1395,1575,1601]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2008-07-19">2008.VII.19</collectingDate>
</date>
, on vegetation, Liang Hongbin lgt.&quot; &lt;
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52F70B430FD815B3F" box="[520,614,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,183,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-28@52.[205,1383,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958993/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 27I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52F17B430FD475B3F" box="[623,672,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,1115,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-53@55.[152,1436,1105,1888]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 31. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Nepal. B Guangdong. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959001/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">31B</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
&gt;. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52FC1B430FE135BD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871406" country="China" location="Huaping" municipality="Longsheng county" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52FC1B430FCFF5B3F" box="[697,792,1611,1637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(IZAS), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52EFDB430FC0F5B3F" box="[901,1000,1611,1637]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52E89B430FB585B3F" box="[1009,1215,1611,1637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Longsheng county</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD529B1B430FACB5B3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD529B1B430FACB5B3F" box="[1225,1324,1611,1637]" country="China" municipality="Longsheng county" name="Huaping" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Guangxi">Huaping</location>
, Hongtan, 2007.VII., Liu Chunxiang lgt.&quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F78B414FCBF5BF7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871372" collectingDate="2005-06-02" country="China" county="Baoshan" elevation="1625" latitude="25.30764" location="Baihualing" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="98.79367" municipality="Mangkuan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52F78B414FDA95BD3" box="[512,590,1647,1673]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52F22B414FD215BD3" box="[602,710,1647,1673]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(IZAS), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52E4BB414FC685BD3" box="[819,911,1647,1673]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62F0BFB96270FFD52EE3B414FC195BD3" box="[923,1022,1647,1673]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Baoshan</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52971B414FB635BD3" box="[1033,1156,1647,1673]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mangkuan</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD529F7B414FAEA5BD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD529F7B414FAEA5BD3" box="[1167,1293,1647,1673]" country="China" county="Baoshan" latitude="25.30764" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="98.79367" municipality="Mangkuan" name="Baihualing" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Yunnan">Baihualing</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52860B415FA7F5BD3" box="[1304,1432,1646,1673]" degrees="25.30764" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="25.30764">N25.30764</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52DEFB4E8FEF35BF7" box="[151,276,1683,1709]" degrees="98.79367" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="98.79367">E98.79367</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52C58B4E9FE905BF7" box="[288,375,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1625.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD52C58B4E9FE905BF7" box="[288,375,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1625.0">1625 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52CFCB4E9FE105BF7" box="[388,503,1682,1709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2005-06-02">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52CFCB4E9FE105BF7" box="[388,503,1682,1709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2005-06-02">2005.VI.2</collectingDate>
</date>
, D. Kavanaugh lgt.&quot; &lt;
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52F8DB4E8FCBF5BF7" box="[757,856,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
&gt;. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52E0DB4E8FE115B8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871402" collectingDate="2006-05-25" country="China" location="Shaba" municipality="Jietou" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52E0DB4E8FC245BF7" box="[885,963,1683,1709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52EB7B4E8FBD65BF7" box="[975,1073,1683,1709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CAS), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD529E0B4E8FB135BF7" box="[1176,1268,1683,1709]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52987B4E8FAA25BF7" box="[1279,1349,1683,1709]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Jietou</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52829B4E8FA7F5BF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52829B4E8FA7F5BF7" box="[1361,1432,1683,1709]" country="China" municipality="Jietou" name="Shaba" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Yunnan">Shaba</location>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52DEFB4CDFEED5B8B" box="[151,266,1718,1745]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2006-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52DEFB4CDFEED5B8B" box="[151,266,1718,1745]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2006-05-25">2006.5.25</collectingDate>
</date>
, Liang Hongbin lgt.&quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F79B4CCFCF15BAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871429" collectingDate="2019-08-06" country="China" county="China" elevation="1662" latitude="29.22163" location="Baibung" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17586" municipality="Medog" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xizang">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52F79B4CCFD865B8B" box="[513,609,1719,1745]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(IZAS), &quot; 
<collectingCounty id="62F0BFB96270FFD52FB6B4CCFCF05B8B" box="[718,791,1719,1745]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52E59B4CCFCB95B8B" box="[801,862,1719,1745]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tibet</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52E10B4CCFC5D5B8B" box="[872,954,1719,1745]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mêdog</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52EBCB4CCFBC15B8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52EBCB4CCFBC15B8B" box="[964,1062,1719,1745]" country="China" county="China" latitude="29.22163" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17586" municipality="Medog" name="Baibung" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Xizang">Baibung</location>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52948B4CCFB965B8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52948B4CCFB965B8B" box="[1072,1137,1719,1745]" country="China" county="China" latitude="29.22163" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="95.17586" municipality="Medog" name="Gelin" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Xizang">Gelin</location>
, along roadside, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52854B4CCFA7F5B8B" box="[1324,1432,1719,1745]" degrees="29.22163" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="29.22163">29.22163</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52DEFB4A1FEE45BAF" box="[151,259,1754,1781]" degrees="95.17586" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" value="95.17586">95.17586</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52C68B4A0FE8E5BAF" box="[272,361,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6619999999999997" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1662.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD52C68B4A0FE8E5BAF" box="[272,361,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6619999999999997" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1662.0">1662 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52C0FB4A0FE3B5BAF" box="[375,476,1755,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2019-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52C0FB4A0FE3B5BAF" box="[375,476,1755,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2019-08-06">2019.8.6</collectingDate>
</date>
N, Liang HB &amp; Xu Y lgt. &quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52E5DB4A0FDF85A43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871550" collectingDate="2016-08-03" collectorName="Yang Xiaodong" country="Laos" elevation="1111" location="Medog" municipality="Nyingchi" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xizang">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52E5DB4A0FC6F5BAF" box="[805,904,1755,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CCCC), &quot; 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD5297EB4A0FBBA5BAF" box="[1030,1117,1755,1781]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Xizang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52912B4A0FB325BAF" box="[1130,1237,1755,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nyingchi</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD5299AB4A0FAD35BAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD5299AB4A0FAD35BAF" box="[1250,1332,1755,1781]" country="Laos" municipality="Nyingchi" name="Medog" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Xizang">Mêdog</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD5283AB4A0FA705BAF" box="[1346,1431,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.111" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1111.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD5283AB4A0FA705BAF" box="[1346,1431,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.111" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1111.0">1111 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52DEFB484FEC55A43" box="[151,290,1791,1817]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-08-03">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52DEFB484FEC55A43" box="[151,290,1791,1817]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2016-08-03">2016-VIII-3</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26DBA2E36270FFD52C55B484FE3B5A43" box="[301,476,1791,1817]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Yang Xiaodong</collectorName>
leg.&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F5EB484FB065A67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871457" collectingDate="2016-08-03" collectingDateMax="2007-06-03" collectingDateMin="2007-05-17" collectorName="Yang Xiaodong" country="Laos" elevation="1111" latitude="20.12" location="Medog" longitude="104.01" municipality="Nyingchi" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Xizang">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52F5EB484FD8E5A43" bold="true" box="[550,617,1791,1817]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52F5EB484FD835A43" box="[550,612,1791,1817]" name="Laos" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Laos</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52F08B484FD405A43" box="[624,679,1791,1817]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="generic">2 ex.</specimenCount>
(NHMB), &quot;Lao-NE, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52EEEB484FBA45A43" box="[918,1091,1791,1817]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hua Phan prov.</collectingRegion>
~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52921B484FAC15A43" box="[1113,1318,1791,1817]" degrees="104" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="104.01667">20°12'N 104°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD5284AB484FF585A67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD5284AB484FF585A67" country="Laos" latitude="104.01667" name="Phu Phan Mt." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Houaphan">Phu Phan Mt.</location>
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52DB0B559FE855A67" box="[200,354,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1500.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD52DB0B559FE855A67" box="[200,354,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500-1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52C17B558FDFC5A67" box="[367,539,1827,1853]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2007-05-17" valueMax="2007-06-03" valueMin="2007-05-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52C17B558FDFC5A67" box="[367,539,1827,1853]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2007-05-17" valueMax="2007-06-03" valueMin="2007-05-17">17.v.-3.vi.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26DBA2E36270FFD52F50B558FD245A67" box="[552,707,1827,1853]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">M. Brancucci</collectorName>
leg.&quot;, &quot;NHMB Basel expediton to Laos, 2007&quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52996B558FD895ADF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871581" collectingDate="1977-10-15" collectingDateMax="2003-06-20" collectingDateMin="1977-10-15" collectorName="Vit Kuban" country="India" elevation="1500" latitude="21.41" location="Choka" longitude="102.06" municipality="Lao" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52996B558FAC15A67" box="[1262,1318,1827,1853]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
(NHMB), &quot; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52DDBB53CFF365A3B" box="[163,209,1863,1889]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lao</collectingMunicipality>
, Phongsaly prov., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26270FFD52CDBB53CFD7C5A3B" box="[419,667,1863,1889]" degrees="102" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="102.1">21°41-2'N 102°06-8E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52FD0B53CFC855A3B" box="[680,866,1863,1889]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2003-05-28" valueMax="2003-06-20" valueMin="2003-05-28">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52FD0B53CFC855A3B" box="[680,866,1863,1889]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2003-05-28" valueMax="2003-06-20" valueMin="2003-05-28">28.v.-20.vi.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, Phongsaly env., ~ 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD5294FB53DFB765A3B" box="[1079,1169,1862,1889]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD5294FB53DFB765A3B" box="[1079,1169,1862,1889]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName id="26DBA2E36270FFD529E5B53CFAF45A3B" box="[1181,1299,1863,1889]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Vit Kuban</collectorName>
leg.&quot;, &quot;Collection Naturhistorisches Museum Basel&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F0CB511FD395AF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871422" collectingDate="1977-10-15" collectingDateMax="2003-06-20" collectingDateMin="1977-10-15" collectorName="Vit Kuban" country="India" elevation="1500" location="Choka" municipality="Lao" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52F0CB511FD5A5ADE" bold="true" box="[628,701,1898,1924]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52F0CB511FD5F5ADE" box="[628,696,1898,1924]" name="India" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
1 ex (NHMB), &quot; 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD52E0DB510FC255ADF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD52E0DB510FC255ADF" box="[885,962,1899,1925]" country="India" latitude="102.1" municipality="Lao" name="Choka" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Sikkim">Choka</location>
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52EB0B510FBF85ADF" box="[968,1055,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2900.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD52EB0B510FBF85ADF" box="[968,1055,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52952B511FB495ADF" box="[1066,1198,1898,1925]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1977-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52952B511FB495ADF" box="[1066,1198,1898,1925]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1977-10-15">15.10.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
&quot;, &quot;N. 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52996B510FAA55ADF" box="[1262,1346,1899,1925]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, Bhakta B.&quot;, &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66270FFD52DAAB5F4FD865AF3" authority="Schaum, J. Mateu" authorityName="Schaum, J. Mateu" box="[210,609,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">Parena dorsigera Schaum, J. Mateu</taxonomicName>
det. 1981&quot;
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686270FFD52F90B5F4FAE45A97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871308" collectingDate="1986-06-19" collectorName="C. Holzschuh" country="Nepal" elevation="1800" location="Khopchepani-Gasa" municipality="Khola" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Dhawalagiri">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276270FFD52F90B5F4FCDF5AF3" bold="true" box="[744,824,1935,1961]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56270FFD52F90B5F4FCD55AF3" box="[744,818,1935,1961]" name="Nepal" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nepal</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6270FFD52E47B5F4FC6E5AF3" box="[831,905,1935,1961]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(NHMB), &quot;Kali-G. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F6270FFD52914B5F4FB545AF3" box="[1132,1203,1935,1961]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Khola</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EF191EE6270FFD529C7B5F4FA7E5AF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236270FFDB2DEFB18DFB015823:8EF191EE6270FFD529C7B5F4FA7E5AF3" box="[1215,1433,1935,1961]" country="Nepal" municipality="Khola" name="Khopchepani-Gasa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Dhawalagiri">Khopchepani-Gasa</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06270FFD52DEFB5C8FED75A97" box="[151,304,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1800.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1600.0">
<elevation id="000320066270FFD52DEFB5C8FED75A97" box="[151,304,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1800.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600-2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF90E1F56270FFD52C43B5C8FE275A97" box="[315,448,1971,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1986-06-19">
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6270FFD52C43B5C8FE275A97" box="[315,448,1971,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="1986-06-19">19.VI.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
&quot;, &quot;W-Nepal, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76270FFD52F2BB5C8FD075A97" box="[595,736,1971,1997]" country="Nepal" name="Dhawalagiri" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Dhawalagiri</collectingRegion>
, Myagdi D., 
<collectorName id="26DBA2E36270FFD52E0AB5C8FBE85A97" box="[882,1039,1971,1997]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. Holzschuh</collectorName>
&quot; &lt;
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD52955B5C8FB615A97" box="[1069,1158,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD529E9B5C8FB225A97" box="[1169,1221,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,183,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-28@52.[205,1383,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958993/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">27H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06270FFD529A8B5C8FAE45A97" box="[1232,1283,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,1115,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-53@55.[152,1436,1105,1888]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 31. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Nepal. B Guangdong. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959001/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">31A</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
&gt;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5197BD6271FFD42DEFB187FD4D5962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958999/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,250,1020,1044]" targetBox="[161,1427,193,991]" targetPageId="55" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356271FFD42DEFB187FD4D5962" blockId="55.[151,1437,1020,1081]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42DEFB187FEFD594F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1020,1045]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 30</emphasis>
. Median lobe of male genitalia for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66271FFD42FF1B186FBEF594F" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[649,1032,1021,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42FF1B186FD34594E" box="[649,723,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Parena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42F9BB186FC8A594F" box="[739,877,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42E04B186FC20594F" box="[892,967,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">kurosai</emphasis>
Habu
</taxonomicName>
, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5197BD6271FFD42DEFB50CFCF65AE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959001/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,250,1911,1935]" targetBox="[163,1426,1115,1881]" targetPageId="55" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356271FFD42DEFB50CFCF65AE9" blockId="55.[151,1437,1911,1972]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42DEFB50CFEFF5ACA" bold="true" box="[151,280,1911,1936]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 31</emphasis>
. Median lobe of male genitalia for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66271FFD42F0FB503FC0A5ACA" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[631,1005,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42F0FB503FD265AD5" box="[631,705,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Parena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42FB6B503FCBF5ACA" box="[718,856,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42E1EB503FC565ACA" box="[870,945,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">kurosai</emphasis>
Habu
</taxonomicName>
from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42C30B5E0FEBD5AE9" bold="true" box="[328,346,1947,1971]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A</emphasis>
Nepal. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276271FFD42CD2B5E7FE5C5AEE" bold="true" box="[426,443,1948,1972]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
Guangdong. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE627EFFDB2DBFB2EDFB585C47" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B91C735627EFFDB2DBFB2EDFB585C47" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2DBFB2EDFE815DEA" bold="true" box="[199,358,150,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Comparisons</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2C0DB2ECFE035DEB" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[373,484,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2C0DB2ECFE035DEB" box="[373,484,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguishable from all other species of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB293CB2ECFB3B5DEB" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1092,1244,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB293CB2ECFB3B5DEB" box="[1092,1244,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of: body size relatively large, dorsum reddish brown without elytral pattern, apical truncation of elytra distinct, elytral interval 3 with three setigerous pores. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2FF6B2A4FD1B5DA3" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[654,764,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2FF6B2A4FD1B5DA3" box="[654,764,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB297CB2A4FBB85DA2" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1028,1119,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB297CB2A4FBB85DA2" box="[1028,1119,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB29ECB2A4FAFB5DA3" box="[1172,1308,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB29ECB2A4FAFB5DA3" box="[1172,1308,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from them in the shape of elytral apices and number of pores on elytral interval 3, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE627EFFDB2DBFB35DFDBC5EFF" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91C735627EFFDB2DBFB35DFDBC5EFF" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2DBFB35DFEB65C1A" bold="true" box="[199,337,294,320]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
. Body length 
<quantity id="4CD66AD0627EFFDB2C8FB35CFD795C1B" box="[503,670,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="11.05" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="10.2">10.2–11.9 mm</quantity>
. Dorsum reddish brown. Tempora short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes; postgenae with one pair (occasionally two pairs) of long suborbital setae. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.25–1.43, slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.93–0.98; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then slightly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular. Elytra wide, slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae not incised or shallowly incised (only for specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB2C00B3A0FE5B5CAF" box="[376,444,475,501]" name="Japan" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Japan</collectingCountry>
), with fine puncture rows in striae; intervals flat or slightly convex, with very fine punctures; interval 3 with three setigerous pores, occasionally two (the basal one absent); pores only slightly depressed, forming fovea less than half of interval width; apical truncation rather distinct, usually weakly bisinuate: the inner half slightly curved outward and the outer half slightly concave inward; sutural angles indistinct or with very faint denticles. Apex of abdominal sternite VII with three setae on each side in both sexes, four in a few specimens. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 2 and full length of mesotarsomere 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout (AL/AW = 3.5–3.8), apical lamella short, coniform. Endophallus with very large primary sclerite, flared basal expansion large and strongly chitinized, apical flagellum much thicker than other species, reaching base of apical orifice; apical sclerite poorly defined, basal core indistinct; basal sheath reduced to very fine scales surrounding base of flagellum, apical sheath well defined, finely scaled; squamate sac not divided into proximal and distal sacs, attached to base of apical sheath, near middle of median lobe, dorsal to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly greater than basal width, apex nearly straight, with four ensiform setae on outer angle, and three on inner angle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE627EFFDB2DBFB1D5FB975927" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B91C735627EFFDB2DBFB1D5FEA45EB7" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2DBFB1D5FEBE5E92" bold="true" box="[199,345,942,968]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0627EFFDB2C10B1D4FE545E93" box="[360,435,943,969]" captionStart="MAP 6" captionStartId="49.[152,211,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1065,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-369@49.[151,1436,1065,1955]" captionText="MAP 6. Distributions for species in the Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963669" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963669/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Map 6</figureCitation>
, red). 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB2C81B1D4FDDB5E93" box="[505,572,943,969]" name="Japan" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB2F3FB1D4FD6D5E93" box="[583,650,943,969]" name="China" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB2FE0B1D4FD035E93" box="[664,740,943,969]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fujian</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB2F96B1D4FCDC5E93" box="[750,827,943,969]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB2E3FB1D4FC2A5E93" box="[839,973,943,969]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB2EAFB1D4FBDD5E93" box="[983,1082,943,969]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB293CB1D4FB7A5E93" box="[1092,1181,943,969]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB29DFB1D4FB1B5E93" box="[1191,1276,943,969]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Xizang</collectingRegion>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB2876B1D4FAA05E93" box="[1294,1351,943,969]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB282AB1D4FA7F5E93" box="[1362,1432,943,969]" name="Nepal" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB2DEFB1A8FF365EB7" box="[151,209,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7627EFFDB2D98B1A8FED05EB7" box="[224,311,979,1005]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735627EFFDB2DBFB18DFB975927" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2DBFB18DFE02594A" bold="true" box="[199,485,1014,1040]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Geographical variation.</emphasis>
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2FF4B18CFD1C594B" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[652,763,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2FF4B18CFD1C594B" box="[652,763,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A5627EFFDB2E39B18CFC66594B" box="[833,897,1015,1041]" name="Japan" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Japan</collectingCountry>
are slightly different in having the elytral striae slightly incised, and the intervals slightly convex with denser punctures (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0627EFFDB2EBBB660FBC0596F" box="[963,1063,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,183,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-28@52.[205,1383,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958993/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
). In contrast, specimens from the Asian mainland have the elytral striae not incised, and the intervals completely flat with very sparse punctures (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0627EFFDB2812B644FF185927" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,183,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-28@52.[205,1383,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958993/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 27H, 27I</figureCitation>
). However, the male genitalia are almost identical between them (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0627EFFDB2E99B618FBDF5927" box="[993,1080,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,193,991]" captionTargetId="figure-19@55.[151,1436,181,997]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 30. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958999/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0627EFFDB293CB618FB845927" box="[1092,1123,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,1115,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-53@55.[152,1436,1105,1888]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 31. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Nepal. B Guangdong. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959001/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">31</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE627EFFDB2DBFB6FCFB015823" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B91C735627EFFDB2DBFB6FCFB015823" blockId="56.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2DBFB6FCFED359FB" bold="true" box="[199,308,1159,1185]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2C3AB6FCFE5759FB" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[322,432,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2C3AB6FCFE5759FB" box="[322,432,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2F3AB6FCFD2D59FB" box="[578,714,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2F3AB6FCFD2D59FB" box="[578,714,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the elytral apices and male genitalia, so we place them into the same species group. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2FE8B6D0FD18599F" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[656,767,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2FE8B6D0FD18599F" box="[656,767,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2EB0B6D0FBC3599E" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[968,1060,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2EB0B6D0FBC3599E" box="[968,1060,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2923B6D0FB36599F" authorityName="Mateu. F" authorityYear="1977" box="[1115,1233,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2923B6D0FB36599F" box="[1115,1233,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: (1) abdominal sternite VII usually with three setae on each side; (2) gonocoxite II of ovipositor with ensiform setae grouped on outer and inner angles of the apex. These two characters are thought to be important because they are sexual and only present in these three species in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2FE7B76CFCD0586B" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[671,823,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2FE7B76CFCD0586B" box="[671,823,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, it is inferred that these two species groups could be closely related. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6627EFFDB2C95B740FDBC580F" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[493,603,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27627EFFDB2C95B740FDBC580F" box="[493,603,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in the genus in having an endophallus with a very large and thick apical flagellum of the primary sclerite, the apex of which is extended to the base of apical orifice.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>