351 lines
37 KiB
XML
351 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="F4C018E4FF45047819C2EB7F3739CF6C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum caatingae S. Knapp & Särkinen, PhytoKeys 108: 3. 2018." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="AE93800507C1FCD5411CCF14C8E3DAF8">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8A8C4B3F2C3BAD84446C54EF489246CA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1AF4D255F0FAE5AFB522E643B4D66096">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E1EA33128F4957A0E68DCF55F1DEEE8D">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EAD5FC2788FC9D70F075B3933E277A3C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E17E20424AA46A9B9897E0BFD81FC778">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B309EA0339F43FBE44CA59A1869BDF3C" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="50F5329AE31FB4AE283CCD22ED7C9D48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="626759BA8146CC4AEA4429D7ECDA1903">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDC81F52808C60FC493D7CF5B7BDB949" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F3FC219029888CC621F48031CAC24160">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="27521196B6D6B8742FE9C18E7EF6A597">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1CB0469B8D5161CE004244BEA06A8536" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD9059ECC41A0AEECE558A54C5488AF5">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="EA684C2478381AEC995C0C5EC975316F">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1FC39D646ACA61C4987BD0E49A851CD6">
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<mods:date id="3452762FE0E40337198D9F74A2EA722E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="56E7BCD9F5CC37435995ECF71A3CDAF9">2023-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="17B6DD618B9A217D8043DC1282CB8424">231</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="05DBA53E80DC53153E22CBAFF15B4650">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4C5FED02F659255F0D202B2099799BBD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="ED67594DF636E1BF062E76B7612CE024" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A7B77472EA291EE80E63DB38DA101A63" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-231-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F4C018E4FF45047819C2EB7F3739CF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4C018E4FF45047819C2EB7F3739CF6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4C018E4FF45047819C2EB7F3739CF6C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="70C421AD3E0C670755AF9F97CF4676E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="11E91415F23D918B0E4D0D3CB0244808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="DAD7F2FBDABFD38DCB7744BB36B2056A" ID-CoL="7Z4BN" authority="S. Knapp & Saerkinen, PhytoKeys 108: 3. 2018." authorityName="S. Knapp & Särkinen, PhytoKeys 108: 3. 2018." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
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Solanum caatingae S.Knapp &
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<normalizedToken id="273F0AAD61D71FC606D082E562074775" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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, PhytoKeys 108: 3. 2018.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A62AFAF1D6665DCF4C129824CF8F7E2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F0945AF03A96D9AFB2939AB3D56D4C7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="6C0AC713D81D3C4F6551B238B41ED0A3" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Solanum caatingae A habit B inflorescence in bud C inflorescence with flowers D mature, shiny black fruits with reflexed calyx lobes (A, C, D Harley et al. 19125 [RB 00464327, acc. # 27181] B Costa-Lima et al. 1862 [RB 01145300, acc. # 654975]). Reproduced with permission of Jardin Botanico de Rio de Janeiro." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897491" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6C633C135823124FC798493F0CFF728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8163294C5E2EC01B38D1A35CA2AF6C2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="E48B86F6E8E51E8B748834C362130673">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33AAF06BAC2D64E1E72B98C737C5229E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="17500F8205E72C51AE6AF3B76E97A470" collectingDate="1977-02-26" collectorName="R. M. Harley, S. J. Mayo, R. M. Storr, T. S. Santos" country="Brazil" elevation="350" location="Lagoa Itaparica" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="D6E8DAD90C391B83833DD2DA0ED331B1" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="DA8AB8490939FC2B6174C9CE95CDE16E" country="Brazil" name="Bahia">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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: Mun.
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<normalizedToken id="2FEA377436EF3CDC9513C142906F5F95" originalValue="Maracajú">Maracaju</normalizedToken>
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,
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<location id="9214CD1C9BBE4770654BF0BE293A32A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4C018E4FF45047819C2EB7F3739CF6C:9214CD1C9BBE4770654BF0BE293A32A0" country="Brazil" name="Lagoa Itaparica" stateProvince="Bahia">Lagoa Itaparica</location>
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<locationDeviation id="F8FEEEDECFEBBA9206939FE72846913F" location="Sao">
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<quantity id="BC92FAC3A52D6CA1F0E01931B3E9C9A1" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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W of
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<normalizedToken id="4E3769A438BE99AC379205B7FED5D0B7" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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</locationDeviation>
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Inacio-Xique-Xique road at the turning
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<locationDeviation id="5099B275C50081B4A9C94D5729C9C1BB" location="Sao Inacio">
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<quantity id="B253815B777869ED3D9E819925F8A250" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" unit="km" value="13.1">13.1 km</quantity>
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N of
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<normalizedToken id="2C549F97C6B8819447AEC2410FE97D39" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Inacio
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<quantity id="6A865939E2F5D318741F8AE37D604348" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">
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<elevation id="CA43D2B7B75A193C78A730A1FD548130" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">300-400 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate id="6E5A72FB247814EC79D3F43ED6A06B78" value="1977-02-26">26 Feb 1977</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="B63E566F42CB74D8B1785DFD3730FC88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="683847EA7C568BCBA665A3878B8EA22B">R.M. Harley</collectorName>
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[with
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<collectorName id="76C097D27DECF97DA1B383798CD89D9F">S.J. Mayo</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="A961014DD092D31D427760897EB79B6A">R.M. Storr</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="A04A4EDE0E034154F02DE8945F673418">T.S. Santos</collectorName>
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] 19125
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E96BAA146C3AFB226CA88C4D682CDAC7">holotype</typeStatus>
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: RB [RB00464327, acc. # 271981]; isotypes: CEPEC [acc. # 19367], K [K001336337])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DD3031928271D42956640FB2C7E773C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="FF8975985088838AD30381DBF9A4F2CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="034A015DA57F5EC9F5CA9235FAC79141" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Perennial herbs, 0.4-1 m high, perhaps occasionally annual or only persisting for a few years. Stems terete or slightly angled, lacking spinose processes; young stems densely to sparsely pubescent with spreading glandular, simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, the trichomes 4-15 celled, drying translucent; new growth densely glandular pubescent; bark of older stems greenish-brown or pale tan. Sympodial units unifoliate or difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, shallowly toothed, the blades 2.5-10 cm long, 1-4.5 cm wide, ovate to broadly elliptic, widest in the lower half, membranous, concolorous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces evenly glandular-pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 2 mm long, these denser abaxially and along the veins, densely pubescent with minute glandular papillae on both leaf surfaces especially in young leaves; principal veins 4-6 pairs, drying paler than the lamina; base truncate and then abruptly attenuate on to the distal part of the petiole; margins shallowly and irregularly toothed, the teeth ca. 0.5 mm long, rounded at the tips and broadly deltate to semi-circular in outline; apex acuminate, the tip blunt; petiole (0.5) 1-2 cm, only winged from the attenuate leaf base in the distal half to third. Inflorescences internodal, unbranched or forked, subumbelliform with most flowers in the distal portion or spaced ca. 0.5 mm apart, 2-3.5 cm long, with 5-8 flowers, densely and finely glandular-pubescent like the stems and leaves; peduncle 1.8-3 cm long; pedicels 0.7-0.8 cm long at anthesis, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter at the apex, slender and tapering, densely glandular-pubescent with short uniseriate trichomes and glandular papillae, spreading at anthesis, articulated at the base but the articulation point somewhat swollen and leaving a minute stump that is darker in colour than the axis, this especially visible in fruiting material; pedicels scars closely packed in the distal part of the inflorescence to 0.5 mm apart, with the lowermost ca. 1 mm distant from the rest. Buds globose to broadly ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm long, conical to broadly conical, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, deltate and spathulate, densely glandular-pubescent like the pedicels with uniseriate trichomes and papillae, the tips rounded. Corolla 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, white with a darker (green?) central star, stellate, lobed 2/3-3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, triangular, reflexed to spreading at anthesis, the abaxial surfaces glabrous to sparsely papillate with a few glandular trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with a few weak tangled simple uniseriate trichomes adaxially at the very base; anthers 1.8-2.2 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide, ellipsoid, bright yellow, smooth, poricidal at the tips, the pores elongating to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 3.5-4 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, sparsely glandular pubescent with weak tangled trichomes and papillae in the basal half where included in the anther cone; stigma minutely capitate, densely papillate, not markedly different from the style. Fruit a globose berry, 0.7-1 cm in diameter, green when young, maturing shiny black, the pericarp thin, not translucent when dry (drying black), opaque, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 0.9-1.2 mm long, tapering from a base ca. 1 mm in diameter to an apex 1-1.2 mm in diameter, not distinctly woody, spreading and becoming deflexed at fruit maturity, persistent and remaining on inflorescence; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the tube 1-1.5 mm long, the lobes 2-2.5 mm long, spreading and later reflexed, covering the lower ca. 1/4 of the berry, the abaxial surfaces not densely papillate (different from
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<taxonomicName id="21AAB1FC52E60E804A1647EDC38DEDB8" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
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<emphasis id="3ED10E322E6DBE14BF3A9D8A3535A704" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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where the surfaces are densely papillate). Seeds (30)50-80 per berry, 1-1.5 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, teardrop shaped with a subapical hilum, reddish-gold, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal. Stone cells absent. Chromosome number: Not known.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EA6D5CE883D155D250DFDA4972CFA67D" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897491" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
|
||
<paragraph id="D1AF7D0CD2EF89AD57E43D4E0C7FC50C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="30975A81E7C9CFC54C729BF25B7374B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4AA202C60CB08BEDCCDE14677571F67F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
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<emphasis id="39D2388444A2A69BB5E21BEE47DE9645" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="8956F2F0DB97B0BCEA5DC324E90FF242" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis id="4D6B8F56E330CE1ED76362D489D11CAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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inflorescence in bud
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||
<emphasis id="FD9907A4F8AC480109CC1997764CA3CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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inflorescence with flowers
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<emphasis id="DE14C56AE29815C1F188A58EDFC8CA41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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mature, shiny black fruits with reflexed calyx lobes (
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<emphasis id="4EE6AFE4FC38BF64F25415DD80540D2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, D</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="12DA52EFACB799EFDD3E30A3390959D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Harley et al. 19125</emphasis>
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||
[RB 00464327, acc. # 27181]
|
||
<emphasis id="A9750BEF8728F312574B3105F7352BF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="EB5B420103608EC6B82DA5C0A4FA3FA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa-Lima et al. 1862</emphasis>
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||
[RB 01145300, acc. # 654975]). Reproduced with permission of Jardin
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<normalizedToken id="8448E24EBECFAD9BE4DD1FA5CA1A2E3E" originalValue="Botânico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
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de Rio de Janeiro.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E9CB46F812AECBBE914814F8312B5802" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="CAEEDF124F00BDD31A832E27A979F9B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="FE2D955826038FCC3791BF71F927DE98" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<emphasis id="ACDBF31D2D368816A5C757C01DE256F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="BCD66908BF1B1E6A27977B668B84C17D" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Distribution map of Solanum caatingae." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897492" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0C16F55C93545585A7875A0175FDEB61" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
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<emphasis id="13E738A31CE4AA643045952A06BCC2E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to Brazil; widely scattered collections are known from the States of Bahia,
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<normalizedToken id="8A1C03931BEF3FB40EF6B6CEF772F576" originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
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, Paraiba,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9EE1C51031405D1A35FAF361A3DF12B5" originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB360BEE534032C2ADAB2A3A739EB456" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9B3515572B2D06A3B0877D347EF4816F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897492" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
|
||
<paragraph id="06685AF9D104E8C698578B1B3CF43195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6B4AEBECC66726BC05067F659C7897AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5689ABF125706A087E00844621111ADB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE5981CDA7CDF85FC7DEF0FE7FEAA287" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6EBC3EF48BF8306DCE2502E2FD6AAF8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="09F8E0FF88542F847BB828008621394E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A69C9CF3EF22FE933A3181FF695AF6EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99CF9E9FB5BC559F5A5A9270F463DBAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="947EE5F314B18B4EDAB043653AF872BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows in dry formations known as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F91FE4C8FB2BE8E2404852C0FAEC07B3" originalValue="“caatinga”">"caatinga"</normalizedToken>
|
||
or "savana
|
||
<normalizedToken id="10F71F30AE98C48C9E039CFD493D116A" originalValue="estépica”">estepica"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7558E76A2D44907460BB889DCDAFDAC" author="Eiten, G" journalOrPublisher="Sexual Plant Reproduction" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B85" refString="Eiten, G, 1983. Classificacao da vegetacao do Brasil. Editorial CNPq, Brasilia." title="Classificacao da vegetacao do Brasil. Editorial CNPq, Brasilia." year="1983">Eiten 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DAC956504C579FE3CA4A1A1ED3934E2B" author="Prado, DE" editor="Leal, IR" journalOrPublisher="Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 74" refId="B184" refString="Prado, DE, 2003. As caatingas da America do Sul. In: Leal, IR, Tabarelli, M, Cardoso da Silva, JM, Eds., Ecologia e Conservacao da Caatinga. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife: 3 - 74" title="As caatingas da America do Sul." volumeTitle="Ecologia e Conservacao da Caatinga." year="2003">Prado 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0EFD08FBDBC3F6C0A84EBE1108C2586" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.terrabrasilis.org.br/ecotecadigital/images/Mapa%20de%20Biomas%20do%20Brasil%202%20-%20IBGE.pdf" refId="B115" refString="2004. . http://www.terrabrasilis.org.br/ecotecadigital/images/Mapa%20de%20Biomas%20do%20Brasil%202%20-%20IBGE.pdf" url="http://www.terrabrasilis.org.br/ecotecadigital/images/Mapa%20de%20Biomas%20do%20Brasil%202%20-%20IBGE.pdf" year="2004">IBGE 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), between 300 and 400 m elevation. The caatinga is a complex mosaic of many biomes, ranging from the thorn forests of the caatinga proper (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B063E1C04DB00681988078F6B94DB1E5" author="Andrade-Lima, D" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="149 - 163" refId="B4" refString="Andrade-Lima, D, 1981. The caatingas dominium. Revista Brasileira de Botanica. Brazilian Journal of Botany 4: 149 - 163" title="The caatingas dominium. Revista Brasileira de Botanica." volume="4" year="1981">Andrade-Lima 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to gallery forest, to humid forests on higher elevations ("brejos de altitude") and cerrado savannas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1397E7557BA0F54AD907AAF5DAC6C848" author="Andrade-Lima, D" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="149 - 163" refId="B4" refString="Andrade-Lima, D, 1981. The caatingas dominium. Revista Brasileira de Botanica. Brazilian Journal of Botany 4: 149 - 163" title="The caatingas dominium. Revista Brasileira de Botanica." volume="4" year="1981">Andrade-Lima 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C8494BCCA80666FDA7B011C91672C9C" author="Lleras, E" editor="Davis, SD" journalOrPublisher="3): The Americas. WWF and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="393 - 396" refId="B145" refString="Lleras, E, 1997. Interior dry and mesic forest: CPD site SA19. Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil. In: Davis, SD, Heywood, VH, Herrera-MacBryde, O, Villa-Lobos, J, Hamilton, AC, Eds., Centres of plant diversity (Vol. 3): The Americas. WWF and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland: 393 - 396" title="Interior dry and mesic forest: CPD site SA 19. Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil." volumeTitle="Centres of plant diversity (Vol." year="1997">Lleras 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Like many other morelloid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="470BD80D9C6930FE392355A95B77FACB" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B49CBF91E11AA7822E046DB1881E9272" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently grows in somewhat disturbed and moist areas within the broader more xerophytic habitat and details of its ecological preferences will remain somewhat unclear until more field observations and collections can be made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B11DCCDE8F94EEE4CDFACC6CAA4EADC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph id="E1E613D084C5EE6DDD12C783105235AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="46F6A87F30FF964F906263D7487F427A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5EA5471E71E1740572BB235E2528192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C624ABB5506914B9A6451A048067B62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="888D567CDE41142AE4256702B7D97762" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="913FA67EFB930FE0A84EC3D7B6EDC9EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A204D785E0B646C4F97CAE96C0163F9" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endangered (EN - B2 a, b(ii, iii, iv)). EOO = 267,575 km2 [LC]; AOO = 32 km2 [EN]. In spite of its large EOO, we suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1918F7F7E1A50BAFF6740B90F1BA5E55" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFD11ED5F5FF19CDF47025F55F01DE28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
merits the status of Endangered, as did
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04E75DAD6D6AFAA5E4257FE6ED72E65B" DOI="doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27254" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B130" refString="Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2018. A new black nightshade (Morelloid clade, Solanum, Solanaceae) from the caatinga biome of north-eastern Brazil with a key to Brazilian morelloids. PhytoKeys 108: 1-12. htts:// doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27254" title="A new black nightshade (Morelloid clade, Solanum, Solanaceae) from the caatinga biome of north-eastern Brazil with a key to Brazilian morelloids. PhytoKeys 108: 1 - 12. htts: //" url="doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27254" year="2018">
|
||
Knapp and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68E46EF0C4F2FA389A62CF0166E4426C" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The caatinga habitat is highly fragmented and under severe threat from fire and agriculture. Further studies in this dry forest habitat will certainly reveal more populations of this interesting species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5A7792E833EEB430A258AAF7ACDB2C3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="625BA9244E7C370E5056E1F377F961CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="71F3F30FDA0F784323E28698C188C351" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43C84209AE34BD3E7F5ED9D043E9E8ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="919467FBCA331D6083A62E2FCDA274B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically most similar to the widespread circumtropical weed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8BAEE7C6299FA6A56446CF6A6DF0E06" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="054058B1C25D8C49C8D06559C08DB4FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FADC2F195E2F2FE7CDF5BBF711913BC5" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="americanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="40EFD40C09AC14CDB4F32DEF452E4488" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. americanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most strikingly in its spreading glandular pubescence of translucent trichomes (versus appressed eglandular pubescence of white trichomes), its usually more deeply and sharply toothed leaf margins and longer anthers (ca. 2 mm long versus ca. 1.5 mm long). Several other glandular pubescent species of herbaceous solanums occur in the dry forests of South America, but these are mostly from the Chaco biome and do not overlap in distribution with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="100238C5A7E5D82B1D7F048BCF3676C0" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B454C7A7454AC2DEE991D3ADDCC8C1BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0FEC9B8C1C76B5502210D5B03C324499" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 33" refId="B203" refString="Saerkinen, T, Knapp, S, 2016. Two new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Gran Chaco Americano and a key for the herbaceous glandular-pubescent solanums from the region. PhytoKeys 74: 19 - 33, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159" title="Two new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Gran Chaco Americano and a key for the herbaceous glandular-pubescent solanums from the region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.10159" volume="74" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2EB20C0E2A33343F769A598314201487" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Knapp 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6AB7139B02BE9E261982ADA355911A9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D955FBDFC6E6293430E6EFF8AF26EA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can, however, be distinguished from these species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCBE787C1430A6029F52CFBC2F18DD92" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. michaelis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="michaelis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38F4A9EFC7306B023FE933ACAD604E0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. michaelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C807CF8A37EFA9CA37D235615E14BC3" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CCCF248D8266A85D9696165471C9321" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99F4E8196982C11C4BF7459E9BE111AB" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. physalidicalyx" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="physalidicalyx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B36F1D0756D360F65EF3C4EF084E7173" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. physalidicalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="573A38F18D9876EBCE2B072E618647F4" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. physaliifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="physaliifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="2633DD0F7225F79AF4F4716CC5303CB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. physaliifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA2F92BF33376B534C4B8EF96E445488" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="61C88A394D639CC9E4D969D1079E5C8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C703FC8BB71C865F8F8CC0F9D667FD8F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. woodii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="woodii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F9688A7AA16188A720AEB582D9B4938" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. woodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by its calyx that is not accrescent in fruit with the lobes spreading or slightly reflexed and its shiny black berries with no stone cells. The glandular-pubescent Amazonian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FD3D1AFC96F28BF675DE5E30DD52577" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. arenicola" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arenicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="0412C113CEF11A39B3E4D8F194DE1161" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1945E372E4F3A4A92DA313D967DBAFEF" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="621BAA252BBE3F27F4B3C7B5535BE8E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its larger flowers (8-12 mm in diameter versus 6-9 mm in diameter), longer anthers (3-4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DDF8626BE192007F9A577B54610396B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-0.9 mm versus 1.8-2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="59A6309EDCDA8E9BB13165A52C6C0B99" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7-1 mm) and smaller berries (3.5-7 mm versus 7-10 mm in diameter) that contain stone cells.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3422CB93A32BCFBCEFF0D81D43FB0FEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B35562C23A47123C15AC2C56FCCD4084" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BEDEFDE6D872DDEBDC3A1BF67B0FEB2" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5805D5F1C3F849C77E62991F53EE6BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller anthers (1.8-2.2 mm versus ca. 5 mm long), non-accrescent calyx in fruit (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA81B6BE0B8E35249BBC6D54053ADBC7" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CD51C53762C5F44EA547FA6D097B175" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an accrescent calyx) and distribution (northeastern Brazil versus Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B5D7F2A07532DB01CC41CC03F2130C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0A86CCD8E062AB29BD931A6EF6A3601" author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="5 - 338" refId="B216" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae. In: Martius CFP von (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis 10: 5 - 338" title="Solanaceae. In: Martius CFP von (Ed." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7532D6E4179C0AFC175B8378C53EE864" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F0362709408B6AE5CC26D1BBF080AF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(collected by E. Pohl from Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B1553BC6E8A0F0053A178031B1C54DF" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, probably
|
||
<emphasis id="EC35C54E1A8157130F81857D81B59262" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pohl 2393</emphasis>
|
||
from W) in his concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45419A6217CAECA4154DA844620A1326" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum subsp. atriplicifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrum" subSpecies="atriplicifolium">S. nigrum subsp. atriplicifolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gillies ex Nees) Sendtn. (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1128D5F7D90D50BCEE2BA69249F8468D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C35E4363224A308391B12635E1A1A80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD515D93CCCE8ABF9DFB92251AB58EF5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum caatingae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caatingae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B99A244E4CB37151AA71A7B3632101F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D81F9933D862376F004993D0212ED570" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FA14435EED7C4A8D83A196FB9B3E27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller anthers (1.8-2.2 mm versus c. 5 mm long), non-accrescent calyx in fruit (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8A0C79066830CCE8C07A2330B24F9C7" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBA8D29296BD95AD5DA81333C1835E51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an accrescent calyx) and distribution in low elevation Brazil versus the eastern slopes of the Andes in the Southern Cone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |