369 lines
56 KiB
XML
369 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="1A94BF3CA330585AC84D3FC0DFE24060" ID-CLB-Dataset="298749" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7089303-f5c4-449f-8587-c53dd7c53653" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213827" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718997471808" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fordyce, R. Ewan & Marx, Felix G." docDate="2016" docId="AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.74.107-116.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-74-2016/pages-107-116/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mammalodon hakataramea Fordyce and Marx 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6D960230-3799-4597-BAAD-2537772B99A6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="510E8310FFDDFFBFFFE10A48982AFB72" masterDocTitle="Mysticetes baring their teeth: a new fossil whale, Mammalodon hakataramea, from the Southwest Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1719020073924" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="71C7BF9C606C8100412CACAD677BAC75" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6EB5157363BCDBF5C6C9B7442BD85D8A">
|
||
<mods:title id="55BBFD86F7B8675A292608382215C3DA">Mysticetes baring their teeth: a new fossil whale, Mammalodon hakataramea, from the Southwest Pacific</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="9CE44B7FD9A35D7F0D43BEBA084531A4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DD8EBED0675A935C614950412C74AC8D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7C61D9680805CF895A74775991B3BA5B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D49AE75B52CB48D966DB8713A8ABEFDF">Fordyce, R. Ewan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9FC7FDBADCFF84EAED6EC4045B4465F5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="877B76248799C045EEA4D700BD4DFDDB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4A9AD3E499F8E2ED98C308F94E3D8B59">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A4400E99F624C56DAACDBAAA5A839076">Marx, Felix G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E60F5C1392233CE115A75F9B4E833AA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="CEA7BFA1A80FACFD81000A41B3097ED7" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D838DD60610F568DF2135FDD11E6C275">
|
||
<mods:title id="F153DD596548FDDEC9CD12B42A0B2DB2">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F7F77BF3B77449152D346E9EA4DC497B">
|
||
<mods:date id="95110283F8C16B6872531BD5B6ED09B2">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="E9CEBB02A40DC9B5E48CA4D9BD8E94FF" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="C7198EAC45BDFD6319290274FFE9B8FD">2016-12-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2B6ADCC2D4A58CF4E16585C13E503DBC" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="575636049ED682E57F95CB6BACA3F0CC">74</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A5A0F0AA1342C4AD2537DE85EEEB4D5D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="77AF77E70F8DACFCE7FA54A2B1941C11">107</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F39DD13B3F73F58B4C1BF82B80D94296">116</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="055C1124899A6E2C3A958900955C4035">
|
||
<mods:url id="10935FF87BC857D2BA0C36E465EC81C9">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-74-2016/pages-107-116/</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0535BEEB26C77BCB0977BC57F0FCCCED">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="14F2F494E068407BCBDF6BC8DA567F43" type="CLB-Dataset">298749</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1C0AE777F0800E24CCC71443ABF1441F" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.11</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC1F345843CB4FAE850A5E13C317300A" type="GBIF-Dataset">a7089303-f5c4-449f-8587-c53dd7c53653</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0C03FD6EDE013C74F04622F5B52DE6D7" type="ISSN">1447-2554</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2BB5C6B4EA9E6180732750CD41CD8E44" type="Zenodo-Dep">12213827</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7FF9B2EBFA2391BF8B1819023A05D45D" type="ZooBank">7A2CAF55-70DC-4561-AA3D-86FA72C721E6</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12214093" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233318107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12214093" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D960230-3799-4597-BAAD-2537772B99A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D8419F5FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059B2EFEFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFF6D0F059AE2FE11" blockId="2.[140,712,1357,1380]" box="[140,712,1357,1380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<heading id="7E69FD12FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059AE2FE11" box="[140,712,1357,1380]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" reason="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFF6D0F059A5FFE11" authority="Fordyce and Marx" authorityName="Fordyce and Marx" authorityYear="2016" box="[140,629,1357,1380]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakataramea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFF6D0F05999FFE11" bold="true" box="[140,437,1357,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Mammalodon hakataramea</emphasis>
|
||
Fordyce and Marx
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD92B17FFDFFFBDFD9A0F069AE2FE11" box="[635,712,1358,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFF530F319B2EFEFE" blockId="2.[140,772,1401,1447]" box="[178,772,1401,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFF530F31997AFEFE" box="[178,336,1401,1420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Zoobank LSID</emphasis>
|
||
. http://zoobank.org/
|
||
<uri id="510F467CFFDFFFBDFDC40F319B2EFEFE" box="[549,772,1401,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D8419F5FFDFFFBDFF6D0FDC9BE5FF03" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFF6D0FDC9A04FED5" blockId="2.[140,772,1401,1447]" box="[140,558,1428,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<uuid id="513870ABFFDFFFBDFF6D0FDC9A04FED5" box="[140,558,1428,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">6D960230-3799-4597-BAAD-2537772B99A6</uuid>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFF6D0FF698C3FEA1" blockId="2.[140,233,1470,1492]" box="[140,233,1470,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDA556FBFFDFFFBDFF6D0FF698F8FEA1" box="[140,210,1470,1492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[147,179,1752,1771]" captionTargetBox="[216,1328,231,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-9@3.[213,1383,227,1732]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. A-G, I, holotype of Mammalodon hakataramea, OU 22026; all material coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and lit from upper left. A-E, individual isolated teeth in labial or lingual view. F, G, I, holotype skull roof of Mammalodon hakataramea. F, I, dorsal view, anterior towards the top; G, oblique dorsolateral view from the left, anterior towards the lower left. H, holotype skull of Mammalodon colliveri Pritchard, NMV P199986, dorsal view, not coated with sublimed ammonium chloride. H and I are shown at the same scale to compare the differences in size and profile between the two Mammalodon species. The two dashed lines show the position of the apex of the nuchal crest and the dorsal lip of the foramen magnum in M. colliveri; M. hakataramea is aligned with the upper line." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213831/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDA556FBFFDFFFBDFF3D0FF698C3FEA1" box="[220,233,1470,1491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[140,172,1752,1771]" captionTargetBox="[235,1349,238,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[228,1352,227,1732]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A-F, L, M, holotype left tympanic bulla of Mammalodon hakataramea, OU 22026; all views show the bulla coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and lit from upper left. A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, posterior. D, anterior. E, lateral. F, medial. G-K, holotype right tympanic bulla of Mammalodon colliveri Pritchard, NMV P199986, with views mirrored for ease of comparison with M. hakataramea; bulla is coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and mirrored views show lighting from upper right. G, dorsal. H, ventral. I, medial. J, lateral. K, posterior. L, M, enlarged views of left tympanic bulla of Mammalodon hakataramea to show anterior pedicle. L, slightly dorsomedial posterior view. M, slightly posterior dorsomedial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213833/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">3</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFF6D0FA39A7CFDC2" blockId="2.[140,773,1515,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="95F64023FFDFFFBDFF6D0FA39A7CFDC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4898178302" collectionCode="OU" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="OU 22026" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFF6D0FA398C3FD72" box="[140,233,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA25F4DCFFDFFFBDFF6D0FA398C3FD72" box="[140,233,1515,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="7538E205FFDFFFBDFF1B0FA3994CFD73" box="[250,358,1515,1537]" collectionCode="OU" country="New Zealand" name="Fossil Catalgoue in the Geology Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">OU 22026</specimenCode>
|
||
– dorsal part of braincase, comprising much of the supraoccipital and parts of the parietals and squamosals, preserved with the original dorsal surface down, and the bioeroded ventral surface upwards; left tympanic bulla lacking the posterior process; five teeth with little or no remnants of the crown. All elements were closely associated, with no other fossil cetacean remains nearby.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="71E11AF6FFDFFFBDFCC90C189D25FC11" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" startId="2.[808,857,1616,1635]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCC90C189DAEFD11" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[808,1412,1616,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Table 1. Measurements of the skull roof of OU 22026, +/- 0.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCD50C329DBAFDE2" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[820,1424,1658,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Skull roof, anteriormost parietal to posteriormost +134.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCD50CDF9C35FDDF" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[820,1055,1687,1709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">supraoccipital, midline</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFF6D0C8F9D08FA47" blockId="2.[139,771,1735,1903]" lastBlockId="2.[809,1441,229,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFF6D0C8F993DFDAE" box="[140,279,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Type locality</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="95F64023FFDFFFBDFECF0C8F9D34FA47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4898178301" collectionCode="NZMS" country="New Zealand" county="Grid" elevation="75" location="Sisters Creek" municipality="Field" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="NZMS260" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Canterbury">
|
||
Open flat bed of
|
||
<location id="20411CA5FFDFFFBDFE1F0C8F9ABAFDAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03:20411CA5FFDFFFBDFE1F0C8F9ABAFDAF" box="[510,656,1735,1757]" country="New Zealand" county="Grid" municipality="Field" name="Sisters Creek" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Canterbury">Sisters Creek</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E266E79BFFDFFFBDFD450C8F9B29FDAE" box="[676,771,1735,1756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">
|
||
<elevation id="AEB3AD4DFFDFFFBDFD450C8F9B29FDAE" box="[676,771,1735,1756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">70-80 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
downstream from a prominent limestone bank directly north of
|
||
<location id="20411CA5FFDFFFBDFF6A0D4998C1FC65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03:20411CA5FFDFFFBDFF6A0D4998C1FC65" box="[139,235,1793,1815]" country="New Zealand" county="Grid" municipality="Field" name="Riverside" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Canterbury">Riverside</location>
|
||
farmhouse,
|
||
<location id="20411CA5FFDFFFBDFE900D4A9A36FC65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03:20411CA5FFDFFFBDFE900D4A9A36FC65" box="[369,540,1793,1815]" country="New Zealand" county="Grid" municipality="Field" name="McHenrys Road" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Canterbury">McHenrys Road</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="20411CA5FFDFFFBDFDCB0D499AD4FC65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03:20411CA5FFDFFFBDFDCB0D499AD4FC65" box="[554,766,1793,1815]" country="New Zealand" county="Grid" municipality="Field" name="Hakataramea Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Canterbury">Hakataramea Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="20411CA5FFDFFFBDFF6D0D5698EDFC46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD37FB68FFDFFFBDFF6D0F059BE5FF03:20411CA5FFDFFFBDFF6D0D5698EDFC46" box="[140,199,1822,1844]" country="New Zealand" county="Grid" municipality="Field" name="South" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Canterbury">South</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E75A849CFFDFFFBDFF2D0D569915FC46" box="[204,319,1822,1844]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDA556FBFFDFFFBDFEAC0D5699ACFC46" box="[333,390,1822,1844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[147,179,693,712]" captionTargetBox="[147,1432,227,676]" captionTargetId="figure-495@1.[147,1447,227,677]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1, Locality map and stratigraphy of the Sisters Creek-Homestead Creek area of Hakataramea Valley. The stratigraphic column, right, is modified from that of Tsai and Fordyce (2015) for “Haughs’ Quarry”, which provides the nearest detailed column to Sisters Creek.Mammalodon hakataramea came from about the horizon identified as the diffuse shellbed with Lentipecten hochstetteri and brachiopods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213829/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C545D004FFDFFFBDFE7B0D5699E7FC46" box="[410,461,1822,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Field</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
number REF 13-10-87-2.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="CC4032F2FFDFFFBDFD350D569B29FC46" box="[724,771,1822,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Grid</collectingCounty>
|
||
reference: latitude 44 deg 38 min 30.5 sec, longitude 170 deg 38 min 45.0 sec, or
|
||
<specimenCode id="7538E205FFDFFFBDFED00D1199B4FC1D" box="[305,414,1881,1903]" collectionCode="NZMS" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">NZMS260</specimenCode>
|
||
map I40: 232 158. The Geoscience Society of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5D890AEEFFDFFFBDFC760AAE9C35FB89" box="[919,1055,229,251]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
fossil record number is I40/f400. The locality is
|
||
<quantity id="E266E79BFFDFFFBDFC410B4A9BF0FA6A" box="[928,986,258,280]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
NNW of the informally-named “Haughs’ Quarry,” as shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFBE80B579D34FA47" author="Tanaka, Y. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[1033,1310,287,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref7496" refString="Tanaka, Y., and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. A new Oligo-Miocene dolphin from New Zealand: Otekaikea huata expands diversity of the early Platanistoidea. Palaeontologia electronica 18.2.23 A: 1 - 71." type="book chapter" year="2015">Tanaka and Fordyce (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCC80B049C6DF9CE" blockId="2.[809,1442,331,701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFCC80B049BF3FA13" box="[809,985,331,353]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Horizon and age</emphasis>
|
||
. OU 22026 is from a massive, bioturbated, calcareous section of the Kokoamu Greensand, where it was associated with sparse macrofossils including scattered pectinids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFC4F0BEB9C94FAC5" baseAuthorityName="Zittel" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[942,1214,418,440]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Lentipecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hochstetteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFC4F0BEB9C94FAC5" box="[942,1214,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Lentipecten hochstetteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and terebratulid brachiopods.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFC220B889CE1FAA6" baseAuthorityName="Zittel" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[963,1227,447,469]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Lentipecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hochstetteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFC220B889CE1FAA6" box="[963,1227,447,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Lentipecten hochstetteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the benthic foraminiferan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFC200B949CA5FA80" baseAuthorityName="Chapman" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[961,1167,476,498]" class="Globothalamea" family="Notorotaliidae" genus="Notorotalia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFC200B949CA5FA80" box="[961,1167,476,498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Notorotalia spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate the Duntroonian Stage. Judging from a comparable section in the Greensand at Haughs’ Quarry, about
|
||
<quantity id="E266E79BFFDFFFBDFBF8085E9C67F95E" box="[1049,1101,534,556]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
to the SSE (fig. 1, right; also, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFCC8087B9C33F93B" author="Tsai, C. - H. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[809,1049,563,585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" refId="ref7580" refString="Tsai, C. - H., and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. The earliest gulp-feeding mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Oligocene of New" type="book" year="2015">Tsai and Fordyce, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the diffuse shellbed of pectinids and brachiopods is low in the Duntroonian, probably near the base. The Duntroonian is dated as 25.2–27.3 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFB0B08259DB3F9F1" author="Raine, J. I. & Beu, A. G. & Boyes, A. F. & Campbell, H. J. & Cooper, R. A. & Crampton, J. S. & Crundwell, M. P. & Hollis, C. J. & Morgans, H. E. G." box="[1258,1433,621,643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref7298" refString="Raine, J. I., Beu, A. G., Boyes, A. F., Campbell, H. J., Cooper, R. A., Crampton, J. S., Crundwell, M. P., Hollis, C. J., and Morgans, H. E. G. 2015. Revised calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT 2015 / 1. GNS Science Report 2012 / 39: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="2015">Raine et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and OU 22026 is presumed close to 27 Ma, or early Chattian (Vandenberghe et al., 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCC8089C9BC9F8C6" blockId="2.[809,1441,723,948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFCC8089C9BB8F99B" box="[809,914,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFBCA089C9C8EF99A" box="[1067,1188,723,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFBCA089C9C8EF99A" box="[1067,1188,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having smaller teeth, an anteroposteriorly longer supraoccipital and a parabolic nuchal crest that lacks an abrupt anterolateral curve in dorsal view, as well as in having a tympanic bulla with a more distinct interprominential notch, a straight medial margin, an anterolaterally more inflated outer lip, and a deeper involucrum bearing less developed oblique sulci (without adjacent nodules).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCC809829BE5FF03" blockId="2.[809,1440,970,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFCC809829BB2F8AD" box="[809,920,970,991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Hakataramea, a Maori name for the valley where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA25F4DCFFDFFFBDFCB109AF9B80F88F" box="[848,938,999,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected. Haka, a dance; taramea, a sharpspined herb, “spear-grass” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFBAC0E4C9C9BFF68" box="[1101,1201,1028,1050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFB5C0E4C9DB8FF68" box="[1213,1426,1028,1050]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Aciphylla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFB5C0E4C9DB8FF68" box="[1213,1426,1028,1050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Aciphylla squarrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with sweet-smelling gum from the flower stalks. The name may commemorate a specific incident (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFAD50E769BEEFF03" author="Reed, A. W. & Dowling, P." pageId="2" pageNumber="109" refId="ref7390" refString="Reed, A. W., and Dowling, P. 2010. Place names of New Zealand. Penguin, Auckland, 502 pp." type="book" year="2010">Reed and Dowling, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="4C115395FFDFFFB9FCCB0EDE9963FDC3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCCB0EDE9B8DFFDE" blockId="2.[810,935,1174,1196]" box="[810,935,1174,1196]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<heading id="7E69FD12FFDFFFBDFCCB0EDE9B8DFFDE" box="[810,935,1174,1196]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFCCB0EDE9B8DFFDE" bold="true" box="[810,935,1174,1196]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCC80E8B9DA6FEF4" blockId="2.[809,1441,1219,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFCC80E8B9BC9FFAA" box="[809,995,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Ontogenetic stage</emphasis>
|
||
. The specimen is probably a mature adult because of the extreme wear that has mostly obliterated the tooth crowns (fig. 1A–E). The parieto-occipital suture is open along parts of the nuchal crest, but this condition is also seen in adult modern baleen whales (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFB9F0F7F9B86FE1B" authority=", Miller, 1924" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutorostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFB9F0F7F9DB0FE3E" box="[1150,1434,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFCC80F1C9B86FE1B" author="Miller, G. S." box="[809,940,1364,1386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref7154" refString="Miller, G. S. 1924. A pollack whale from Florida presented to the National Museum by the Miami Aquarium Association. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 66 (9): 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1924">Miller, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: plate 4;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFBEC0F1C9DB7FE18" authority=", Andrews, 1916" authorityName="Andrews" authorityYear="1916" box="[1037,1437,1364,1386]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFBEC0F1C9CD8FE1B" box="[1037,1266,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Balaenoptera borealis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFAE00F1C9DB7FE18" author="Andrews, R. C." box="[1281,1437,1364,1386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" pagination="289 - 388" refId="ref6279" refString="Andrews, R. C. 1916. Monographs of the Pacific Cetacea. II. The sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis Lesson). 1. History, habits, external anatomy, osteology, and relationship. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1: 289 - 388." type="journal article" year="1916">Andrews, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: plate 41;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDFFFBDFC650F399CDDFEF4" authority=", True 1904" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1904" box="[900,1271,1393,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Balaenopteridae" genus="Megaptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeangliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFC650F399CAAFEF4" box="[900,1152,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Megaptera novaeangliae</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDFFFBDFB6C0F399CDDFEF4" author="True, F. W." box="[1165,1271,1393,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 332" refId="ref7536" refString="True, F. W. 1904. The whalebone whales of the western North Atlantic compared with those occurring in European waters with some observations on the species of the North Pacific. Smithsonian contributions to knowledge 33: 1 - 332." type="journal article" year="1904">True 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: plates 29, 32).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBAFCC80FD59AA7F875" blockId="2.[809,1441,1437,1546]" lastBlockId="5.[146,780,229,1008]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDFFFBDFCC80FD59BA7FEC0" box="[809,909,1437,1458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Skull roof</emphasis>
|
||
. The dorsal roof of the skull (fig. 2 F, G; table 1) is represented by the ventrally eroded, thin parietals, the supraoccipital and, at the posterolateral margins, probably the dorsalmost portions of both squamosals. There is no distinct interparietal. The dorsal periosteal surfaces are damaged by patchy bioerosion, which in two places has also led to the perforation of the supraoccipital. Enough remains to see that the supraoccipital is longer, from its apex to the margin of foramen magnum, than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFE470B129A37FA1D" box="[422,541,346,367]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFE470B129A37FA1D" box="[422,541,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 2H, I). The gently concave supraoccipital is raised little (~
|
||
<quantity id="E266E79BFFD8FFBAFDAE0B3F9ABAFAFE" box="[591,656,375,396]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) above the parietals, and forms a thin-edged nuchal crest with a parabolic profile and a smoothly rounded apex in dorsal view (fig. 2F, G). By contrast, the crest in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFE460B879A09FA91" box="[423,547,462,484]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFE460B879A09FA91" box="[423,547,462,484]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more robust, with abruptly curved anterolateral corners that markedly overhang the parietals (fig. 2H). A lateral or oblique view (fig. 2G) shows the nuchal crest gently convex anteriorly but markedly steepening posteriorly, as if descending toward the posterior margin of the temporal fossa. Anteriorly, the supraoccipital has a small, flattened dorsal apex, passing backwards into a short but well-developed external occipital crest. Posteriorly, the supraoccipital is raised and thickened in the midline, with the adjacent surfaces steepening bilaterally; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFDB4089D9AE7F99B" box="[597,717,724,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFDB4089D9AE7F99B" box="[597,717,724,746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such features are developed near the foramen magnum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCD50C889DA9FDA4" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[820,1411,1728,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Length of parietals on vertex +45.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCD50CA29DA9FD8D" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[820,1411,1770,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Length of supraoccipital, midline +94.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFCD50D5B9DA7FC5B" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[820,1421,1811,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">Width, outer margins of nuchal crest, +154.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFC800D789CB6FC34" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[865,1180,1840,1862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">posteriormost preserved points</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDFFFBDFC800D059D25FC11" blockId="2.[808,1424,1616,1891]" box="[865,1295,1869,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="109">(= posterolateral extremities of skull roof)</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="71E11AF6FFDEFFBCFF720C909B87FC1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213831/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" startId="3.[147,179,1752,1771]" targetBox="[216,1328,231,1732]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDEFFBCFF720C909B87FC1C" blockId="3.[147,1449,1752,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Fig. 2. A-G, I, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDEFFBCFE6C0C909A93FD99" authority=", OU" authorityName="OU" box="[397,697,1752,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakataramea">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDEFFBCFE6C0C909AA7FD99" box="[397,653,1752,1771]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Mammalodon hakataramea</emphasis>
|
||
, OU
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
22026; all material coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and lit from upper left. A-E, individual isolated teeth in labial or lingual view. F, G, I, holotype skull roof of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDEFFBCFC5A0CBA9C91FC77" box="[955,1211,1778,1797]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakataramea">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDEFFBCFC5A0CBA9C91FC77" box="[955,1211,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Mammalodon hakataramea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. F, I, dorsal view, anterior towards the top; G, oblique dorsolateral view from the left, anterior towards the lower left. H, holotype skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDEFFBCFB960D4498F1FC4B" authority="Pritchard, NMV P" authorityName="Pritchard, NMV P" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDEFFBCFB960D449D63FC6D" box="[1143,1353,1804,1823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Mammalodon colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
Pritchard, NMV P
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
199986, dorsal view, not coated with sublimed ammonium chloride. H and I are shown at the same scale to compare the differences in size and profile between the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDEFFBCFE5D0D099AA0FC26" box="[444,650,1857,1876]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDEFFBCFE5D0D099A16FC26" box="[444,572,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">Mammalodon</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The two dashed lines show the position of the apex of the nuchal crest and the dorsal lip of the foramen magnum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDEFFBCFE6B0D1399DEFC1C" box="[394,500,1883,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDEFFBCFE6B0D1399DEFC1C" box="[394,500,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDEFFBCFDE10D139AB2FC1C" box="[512,664,1883,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakataramea">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDEFFBCFDE10D139AB2FC1C" box="[512,664,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="110">M. hakataramea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is aligned with the upper line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="71E11AF6FFD9FFBBFF6D0C9099F9FC1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12213833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213833/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" startId="4.[140,172,1752,1771]" targetBox="[235,1349,238,1731]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD9FFBBFF6D0C9099F9FC1C" blockId="4.[140,1442,1752,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Fig. 3. A-F, L, M, holotype left tympanic bulla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD9FFBBFD8A0C909BB6FD99" authority=", OU" authorityName="OU" box="[619,924,1752,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakataramea">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD9FFBBFD8A0C909B44FD99" box="[619,878,1752,1771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">Mammalodon hakataramea</emphasis>
|
||
, OU
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
22026; all views show the bulla coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and lit from upper left. A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, posterior. D, anterior. E, lateral. F, medial. G-K, holotype right tympanic bulla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD9FFBBFF3B0D449A77FC6D" authority="Pritchard, NMV P" authorityName="Pritchard, NMV P" box="[218,605,1804,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD9FFBBFF3B0D449987FC6D" box="[218,429,1804,1823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">Mammalodon colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
Pritchard, NMV P
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
199986, with views mirrored for ease of comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD9FFBBFB940D459D24FC6D" box="[1141,1294,1804,1823]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakataramea">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD9FFBBFB940D459D24FC6D" box="[1141,1294,1804,1823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">M. hakataramea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; bulla is coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and mirrored views show lighting from upper right. G, dorsal. H, ventral. I, medial. J, lateral. K, posterior. L, M, enlarged views of left tympanic bulla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD9FFBBFDD70D099B00FC26" authorityName="Fordyce & Marx" authorityYear="2016" box="[566,810,1857,1876]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hakatarame">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD9FFBBFDD70D099B00FC26" box="[566,810,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="111">Mammalodon hakatarame</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a to show anterior pedicle. L, slightly dorsomedial posterior view. M, slightly posterior dorsomedial view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF5809469A9DF89D" blockId="5.[146,780,229,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
What remains of the parietals suggests that the fused bones form a wide and smoothly rounded intertemporal region without any salient sagittal or parasagittal crests, contrasting with the narrower, dorsally tabular, condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFD6D092E9B2EF809" box="[652,772,870,891]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFD6D092E9B2EF809" box="[652,772,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Irregular parasagittal grooves could result from bioerosion, but are more likely to be sulci associated with parietal foramina. Poorly-preserved irregularities in the bone surface posteriorly (fig. 2G) may represent the parieto-squamosal sutures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF720E4F9A10FFB9" blockId="5.[146,780,1030,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFF720E4F991FFF69" box="[147,309,1030,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Tympanic bulla</emphasis>
|
||
(fig. 3A–F, L–M; table 2). The left bulla is slightly crushed, with the outer lip a little compressed ventrally. The anterior pedicle has been distorted post-mortem and rotated ventromedially, so that the suture for the anterior bullar facet of the periotic is steeply dipping, rather than subhorizontal. The posterior process, conical process and the anterolateral crest of the outer lip are lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF580E9A9BD9F972" blockId="5.[146,780,1030,1431]" lastBlockId="5.[815,1451,229,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
In dorsal view (fig. 3A), the bulla has a straight medial profile, a bluntly rounded, slightly squared apex and an inflated outer lip, with the bone attaining its greatest width at the level of the sigmoid process. The two posterior prominences or lobes are separated by the conspicuous, near-perpendicular interprominential notch (fig. 3A, B). In dorsal or ventral view, the outer prominence is sharp, passing dorsally into a marked prominential ridge (
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFC1E0AAE9C1CFB89" box="[1023,1078,230,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFD8FFBAFBDF0AAD9D1BFB89" author="Tsai, C. - H. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[1086,1329,229,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" refId="ref7580" refString="Tsai, C. - H., and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. The earliest gulp-feeding mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Oligocene of New" type="book" year="2015">Tsai and Fordyce, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The inner prominence is more smoothly rounded and does not extend as far posteriorly, which may indicate an anteromedial
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFA850B689D8DFA47" box="[1380,1447,288,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
orientation of the long axis of the bulla as seen, for example, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFCD10B129BD0FA1C" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2006" box="[816,1018,345,367]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Janjucetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hunderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFCD10B129BD0FA1C" box="[816,1018,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Janjucetus hunderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In posterior view (fig. 3C, L) a strong, slightly oblique ridge crosses the inner prominence to reach the interprominential notch; there is no ridge on the outer prominence. Ventrally (fig. 3B), the interprominential notch passes into a median furrow
|
||
<quantity id="E266E79BFFD8FFBAFB820B859CF9FA91" box="[1123,1235,461,483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="22.0">22–23 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, about half the length of the bulla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFCB6084F9D88FE7C" blockId="5.[815,1451,229,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
The Eustachian outlet forms a shallow, anteromedially oriented notch (fig. 3A, M). The adjacent portion of the involucrum is obliquely flat medially and excavated laterally. Posteriorly, the involucrum rises and widens via an abrupt, obliquely oriented step at mid-length. Oblique striae that cross the involucrum are finer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFB6008D19CD2F9DF" box="[1153,1272,664,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFB6008D19CD2F9DF" box="[1153,1272,664,686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 3F) and not separated by tubercles laterally. The otherwise smooth dorsal surface anteriorly on the involucrum was probably covered by a lobe of the peribullary sinus; this smooth bone extends posteriorly 20+ mm, at least to the oblique “step” in the dorsal profile, and possibly to the level of the prominent sub-vertical postmortem crack (fig. 3M). Further posteriorly, the elevated involucral surface is considerably rougher, suggesting that the peribullary sinus may not have extended over the involucrum here. In medial view, the involucrum has a horizontal zone of irregular fine creases, probably marking tendinous connections to the basioccipital crest (fig. 3F, M). A large irregular depression on the posteriormost portion of the involucrum (fig. 3M) is probably a collapsed cluster of galleries formed by the osteophagous siboglinid worm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFC3B0E669C0CFF31" box="[986,1062,1070,1091]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" genus="Osedax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFC3B0E669C0CFF31" box="[986,1062,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Osedax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFD8FFBAFBB80E669D8DFF36" author="Boessenecker, R. W. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[1113,1447,1070,1092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" refId="ref6499" refString="Boessenecker, R. W. and Fordyce, R. E. 2014 b. Trace fossil evidence of predation upon bone-eating worms on a baleen whale skeleton from the Oligocene of New Zealand. Lethaia DOI: 10.1111 / let. 12108." type="book" year="2014">Boessenecker and Fordyce, 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for similar occurrences in other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5D890AEEFFD8FFBAFB420E039D19FF13" box="[1187,1331,1099,1121]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
Oligocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFCD00E209BA9FF0F" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[817,899,1128,1149]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In posterior view, the involucrum is more prolonged in a dorsolateral-ventromedial plane than the sub-cylindrical involucrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFC280EEA9C15FFC4" box="[969,1087,1185,1207]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFC280EEA9C15FFC4" box="[969,1087,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare figs. 3C, D and 3K). An oblique (slightly lateral) dorsal view, not figured here, shows a slight concavity in the medial profile of the involucrum – much less than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFC470EB19C33FE7F" box="[934,1049,1272,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFC470EB19C33FE7F" box="[934,1049,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which this concavity is pronounced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFCB60F5D9D46FD3F" blockId="5.[815,1451,229,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
The outer lip preserves a sharp crest at the Eustachian outlet and becomes anterolaterally inflated as it passes back towards the anterior pedicle. The anterolateral corner of the tympanic bulla formed by this inflated portion is more rounded than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFD8FFBAFC9D0FC29BD8FEEC" box="[892,1010,1417,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Mammalodontidae" genus="Mammalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colliveri">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFD8FFBAFC9D0FC29BD8FEEC" box="[892,1010,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">M. colliveri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare fig. 3B, H). The crest of the outer lip is broken to reveal the tympanic cavity in dorsal view. The floor of the latter is smooth and has a marked transverse saddle about level with the anterior pedicle, behind which the tympanic cavity deepens markedly, and narrows. The cavity both undercuts the involucrum and, at its posterior limit, rises dorsally to excavate it below the inner posterior pedicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="71E11AF6FFD8FFBAFF720FA89941FC10" pageId="5" pageNumber="112" startId="5.[147,196,1504,1523]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF720FA89AEAFE81" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" box="[147,704,1504,1523]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Table 2. Measurements of left bulla of OU 22026, +/- 0.5 mm</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0C429ADFFD52" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" box="[159,757,1546,1568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Length, apex adjacent to Eustachian outlet 56.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0C609A3AFD4F" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" box="[159,528,1575,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">to apex of outer posterior prominence</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0C199ADFFD15" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" box="[159,757,1617,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Length, parallel with medial face 55.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFB9FCB60C1C9998F96F" blockId="5.[815,1451,229,1903]" lastBlockId="6.[138,773,229,1119]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">
|
||
The anterior pedicle has a narrow, anteroposteriorly long junction with the outer lip (fig.3A, M). The junction is cracked, and it is uncertain if a groove for the chorda tympani nerve was present. In dorsal or dorsomedial view (fig. 3A, M), the anterior pedicle has three elongate faces roughly perpendicular to each other. The original structure and orientations are interpreted thus: a lateral plate that descends to the outer lip; an elongate sub-oval dorsal face with a shallow grooved suture for the periotic; and a descending medial crest, with a groove that presumably contributes to the origin of the tensor tympani muscle (following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDBFFB9FEAF0AAD9A15FB89" author="Tsai, C. - H. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[334,575,229,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" refId="ref7580" refString="Tsai, C. - H., and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. The earliest gulp-feeding mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Oligocene of New" type="book" year="2015">Tsai and Fordyce 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A posterior view (fig. 3L) shows the silhouetted cross section of the pedicle, with the three surfaces bounding an elongate V- to U-shaped ventral groove. On the dorsal face, the suture for the anterior bullar facet of the periotic is a long, shallow groove (fig. 3L, M); accordingly, the fovea epitubaria was probably shallow and flat, rather than saddle-shaped. The dorsal face of the pedicle does not show any clear region of fusion with the anterior margin of the mallear fossa, although the lateral edge of the posterior apex has lost a sub-mm area of surface bone which might indicate fusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0C329ADEFDFD" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" box="[159,756,1658,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Width, maximum, immediately below sigmoid cleft 38.0</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0CEC9A73FDA4" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Depth of involucrum, maximum, at anterior margin 25.5 of broken base of inner posterior pedicle</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0CA299C7FC6F" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Depth, tip of sigmoid process to ventral surface with 38.0 bulla sitting in stable position</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFD8FFBAFF7E0D789941FC10" blockId="5.[147,757,1504,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="112">Length, apex adjacent to Eustachian outlet to apex of 38.5 sigmoid process</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDBFFB9FF53086B9AF2FF2D" blockId="6.[138,773,229,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Adjacent to the anterior pedicle, the outer lip bears a shallow vertical groove, but no obvious lateral furrow (fig. 3E). The mallear ridge is prominent, oriented obliquely and most raised at its mid-length. Posteriorly, at the inner margin of the sigmoid process, the ridge passes into a tiny projection representing the broken anterior process of the malleus (fig. 3M). In anterior or posterior view (fig. 3D, L), the dorsal profile of the sigmoid process has three indistinctly separate faces: a medial one, probably marking the proximity of the malleus; a dorsal one, possibly apposing the sigmoid fossa of the squamosal; and a lateral one. The enrolled posterior lip of the sigmoid process overhangs a sigmoidal cavity (
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDBFFB9FE29092A99D5F805" box="[456,511,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDBFFB9FDE8092A9AD6F80A" author="Tsai, C. - H. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[521,764,866,888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" refId="ref7580" refString="Tsai, C. - H., and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. The earliest gulp-feeding mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Oligocene of New" type="book" year="2015">Tsai and Fordyce, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) delimited by a low oblique ridge presumably for the tympanic sulcus (fig. 3L). In lateral view (fig. 3E), the sigmoid process is bounded ventrally by a damaged, anteroventrally oblique sigmoid cleft. The conical process is lost. A strong prominential ridge (
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDBFFB9FF3009BB9922FF7A" box="[209,264,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="410F378FFFDBFFB9FEF209BA9A23FF7A" author="Tsai, C. - H. & Fordyce, R. E." box="[275,521,1010,1032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" refId="ref7580" refString="Tsai, C. - H., and Fordyce, R. E. 2015. The earliest gulp-feeding mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Oligocene of New" type="book" year="2015">Tsai and Fordyce, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) lateral to the elliptical foramen is matched by a thickened ridge within the tympanic cavity. Judging from well-preserved thin flanges, the elliptical foramen was patent as a narrow opening about
|
||
<quantity id="E266E79BFFDBFFB9FD830E019AB6FF2D" box="[610,668,1097,1119]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25214A7EFFDBFFB9FF6D0E3D9963FDC3" blockId="6.[139,773,1141,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="17EA966CFFDBFFB9FF6D0E3D98E8FFF8" box="[140,194,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Teeth</emphasis>
|
||
(fig. 2A–E; table 3). Five teeth are represented by roots, with one tooth (fig. 2B) retaining a tiny possible dentine remnant of the crown. The other four teeth are worn, exposing sections through the infilled pulp cavity. The worn, sub-ovate surfaces curve down both labiolingually and mesiodistally. Wear exposes lines of arrested growth (growth-layer groups, as commonly used for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29E31FDFFDBFFB9FEB30F6B998FFE4A" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[338,421,1315,1336]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
), marked by alternating lighter and darker coloured bands in the outer biomineral, which is presumed to be cementum. Occlusal surfaces were examined under high magnification, but no wear patterns (grooves, striations) were apparent. Tooth A of
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDA556FBFFDBFFB9FDCB0FDF9AACFEDE" box="[554,646,1431,1453]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[147,179,1752,1771]" captionTargetBox="[216,1328,231,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-9@3.[213,1383,227,1732]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. A-G, I, holotype of Mammalodon hakataramea, OU 22026; all material coated with sublimed ammonium chloride and lit from upper left. A-E, individual isolated teeth in labial or lingual view. F, G, I, holotype skull roof of Mammalodon hakataramea. F, I, dorsal view, anterior towards the top; G, oblique dorsolateral view from the left, anterior towards the lower left. H, holotype skull of Mammalodon colliveri Pritchard, NMV P199986, dorsal view, not coated with sublimed ammonium chloride. H and I are shown at the same scale to compare the differences in size and profile between the two Mammalodon species. The two dashed lines show the position of the apex of the nuchal crest and the dorsal lip of the foramen magnum in M. colliveri; M. hakataramea is aligned with the upper line." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12213831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12213831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="113">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
is laterally compressed and conical. Tooth B is conical, with a double distal tip, perhaps representing two fused roots. Tooth C is laterally compressed. Tooth D is grooved on the labial and lingual faces, perhaps representing two fused roots. Tooth E has two closely approximated large roots that taper and converge distally, with a small third root between the two larger adjacent to the occlusal surface. Tooth E is the only one that can reasonably be identified to position, as a posterior premolar or molar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |