165 lines
14 KiB
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165 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62b6d215-f763-403e-8931-b2f25666d5ab" ID-PMC="PMC4714362" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-548-1" ID-PubMed="26798322" ID-ZBK="D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-548-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 548" ModsDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" checkinTime="1451243596421" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paukkunen, Juho, Berg, Alexander, Soon, Villu, Odegaard, Frode & Rosa, Paolo" docDate="2015" docId="89685E7C77CF9AF0E3EC359F2EC1A6D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 548: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 548" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164" docTitle="Chrysis solida Haupt 1957" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="F34E322C6E3DFFFDFFB9090AFFD3FFAC" masterDocTitle="An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1668162373669" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paukkunen, Juho</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Berg, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soon, Villu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Odegaard, Frode</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>548</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.548.6164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-548-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D5D7B51E5AC6460D9B3C7584E46F9B3F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127852981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89685E7C77CF9AF0E3EC359F2EC1A6D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89685E7C77CF9AF0E3EC359F2EC1A6D2" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName authority="Haupt, 1957" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis solida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solida">Chrysis solida Haupt, 1957</taxonomicName>
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Figs 91, 101, 120, 125, 137
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="ssp." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis ignita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="ignita" subspecies="solida">Chrysis ignita ssp. solida</taxonomicName>
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Haupt, 1957: 115.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="ssp." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis mediata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="mediata" subspecies="fenniensis">Chrysis mediata ssp. fenniensis</taxonomicName>
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Linsenmaier, 1959: 154.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis mediata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediata">Chrysis mediata</taxonomicName>
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of authors, not Linsenmaier, 1951.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis scintillans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">Chrysis scintillans</taxonomicName>
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Valkeila, 1971: 85.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis solida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solida">Chrysis solida</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Niehuis, O" editor="Dathe, HH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="119 - 123" title="Chrysididae." volume="7" volumeTitle="Entomofauna Germanica 4." year="2001">Niehuis 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 120.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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Length 5-9 mm. The species is closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis mediata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediata">Chrysis mediata</taxonomicName>
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, but the body is usually smaller and with more parallel sides (Fig. 101), the head is broader in frontal view (distinctly broader than its height), the punctation of T2 is often somewhat denser anteriorly (Fig. 101), the surface of T3 is not as shiny (Figs 101) and the colouration is predominantly darker. The species can be confused also with e.g.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis schencki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schencki">Chrysis schencki</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis angustula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustula">Chrysis angustula</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis corusca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corusca">Chrysis corusca</taxonomicName>
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. However, the ovipositor is broader (Fig. 91) and the inner margin of paramere is angled (Fig. 137) (not rounded). Also the green-blue colouration of S2 and the rounded shape of the black spots (Fig. 120, 125) are characteristic for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis solida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solida">Chrysis solida</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden. Common. - Trans-Palearctic: from western Europe to Japan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Veroeffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 139" title="Die Goldwespen der Schweiz." volume="9" year="1997">Linsenmaier 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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Habitat: forest margins, clearings and gardens with sun-exposed dead wood. Adults fly near walls of buildings (log barns, sheds etc.), dead tree trunks (e.g.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Populus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
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), log piles and poles. They rarely visit flowers of
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<taxonomicName family="Api aceae" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" lsidName="Heteroptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="family">
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Api
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<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">aceae</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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(our own obs.). Flight period: late May to early September. Host: primarily
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ancistrocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancistrocerus trifasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifasciatus">Ancistrocerus trifasciatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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), but occasionally also
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euodynerus notatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">Euodynerus notatus</taxonomicName>
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(Jurine) and possibly
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Symmorphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmorphus debilitatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilitatus">Symmorphus debilitatus</taxonomicName>
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(Saussure) (
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" lsidName="" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Paern, M" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="91 - 99" title="Host specificity of the tribe Chrysidini (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) in Estonia ascertained with trap-nesting." url="10.14411/eje.2015.012" volume="112" year="2014">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pärn">Paern</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis solida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solida">Chrysis solida</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis mediata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediata">Chrysis mediata</taxonomicName>
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are very similar morphologically and genetically despite clear differences in their biology and host selection (
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<bibRefCitation author="Soon, V" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="301 - 330" title="Testing the validity of Northern European species in the Chrysisignita species group (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) with DNA Barcoding." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.3.4" volume="3786" year="2014">Soon et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Reliable species identification is not always possible without information on the host or habitat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |