382 lines
37 KiB
XML
382 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="CA2E4140F0178E00A1AD9BC83C2E101E" ID-CLB-Dataset="29914" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24523" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3232638c-2666-4380-b236-0af5bb1f76b4" ID-PMC="PMC6013545" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-766-79" ID-PubMed="29942172" ID-ZooBank="87FD3EE451E046A1BA5E03FA451140E7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-766-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 766" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru" checkinTime="1529036602696" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro, Salazar-Valenzuela, David, Mebert, Konrad, Penafiel, Nicolas, Aguiar, Gabriela, Sa ́ nchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Pyron, R. Alexander, Colston, Timothy J., Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Yanez-Munoz, Mario H., Venegas, Pablo J., Guayasamin, Juan M. & Torres-Carvajal, Omar" docDate="2018" docId="5096F079C40CAF2380FAF36B53016546" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 766: 79-147" docOrigin="ZooKeys 766" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24523" docTitle="Dipsas klebbai Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, nchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="83EDA906-74F7-4D2F-8E6A-59B23964897C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="4170FF9E0C19FF8DBD79FFD3FFBCFFCE" masterDocTitle="Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1701376524545" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D4268CA4CCAC1CECF569B8837AC2EE8A">
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<mods:title id="4EEF558B44421F390409E535DF4771A3">Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9143E2C0FC89A987525CB1502A387D96">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F812A6CA2AD862E0ACD41AB41283535F">Salazar-Valenzuela, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A75714367166715FB963F8E9BB3F53E">Mebert, Konrad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EAE63009356057CC9B231A02FD8C0EB">Penafiel, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E79A339D739AAA9017B1CA71B16A18CB">Aguiar, Gabriela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="632204094E929E88DF2ADC72262A322D">Sa ́ nchez-Nivicela, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9AD3E0B176118EFC751412D7B078885">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E9100D2A05D29428A8A4469E0FE75A1">Colston, Timothy J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01899A7956D3F4878CFEEC5A42FA6EEA">Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="61228E9607C7C7E924299EC654BC6797">Yanez-Munoz, Mario H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E9C624D4CC9DBCE658596FE074D4E6DA" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7E31A9C12DB880500F6DA333BAB6D7EC">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="71B5D1BD91A3339FBCCB0C70DAFDC145" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B041A220475FC6FCA1A5020ECAF0E973">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5A4C0DAA0C1A36CA62472B7BB4911857" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1B09C4EFB775A3201BB840D666EC4834">Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F033C43141ED1D3CDFCD36037D17D330">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="04DC310BAD71E07CB8267B486E8618F2">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D8732232C06178444380DB16AA14A7FF">
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<mods:date id="9F02BD930BD7BCE585E0DA9BE848DBCF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7F46FFC9259081724DAB9E9939F943CB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4E1B1E7C974ECAF3E7A159854BD49460">766</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="442A84A5C414E8878F84E13C1126247D" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E2E8D5B2A91D1103739128BD7DB3C383">79</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F5EA46961DD25539D4D29378A40F4E4E">147</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="89A8B2FF9C49BF2C3E9A633F180DC762">
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<mods:url id="E538945E8A0267D807C5F4E1072C7B67">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24523</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="10A7675F6EEC266B50851AF6132BE87C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="35DE1C0586F53CFC77D2A96F9D11B411" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.766.24523</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3656E391A0A6102493D52FE3D965F841" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-766-79</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="23F60EDE49838812D0D2F3BCB86696F8" type="ZooBank">87FD3EE451E046A1BA5E03FA451140E7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="5096F079C40CAF2380FAF36B53016546" ID-GBIF-Taxon="145939719" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:83EDA906-74F7-4D2F-8E6A-59B23964897C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5096F079C40CAF2380FAF36B53016546" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D3DE452EFC35E59B41CDB8FE1F1462E5" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="CA3A277CBBB2E494F68BA71FBF0627E2" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F6D7E15BEC42754BA94E5866B05ADB2" LSID="http://zoobank.org/83EDA906-74F7-4D2F-8E6A-59B23964897C" class="Squamata" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas klebbai" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klebbai">Dipsas klebbai</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7135AF6015476D4A5044DE2412B64B42" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 1l, m, 15, 16
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6724C3AB032E6C8235A670856AEF9544" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="FDD632983D12182D5E666A3DD6DA4197" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D86C09AB231B6A3853DFA3E70998006" class="Squamata" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas peruana" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruana">Dipsas peruana</taxonomicName>
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||
Harvey & Embert, 2008: 79 (part).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE398447023880B4D2EA1F47BFEF6359" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="proposed standard english name">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B79166C170E4DC4C0E0A433F96BDFB9" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Proposed standard English name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="18A3C9D513F2601895C9251CCA323881" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
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||
<normalizedToken id="3E510A76DFF28BDB9755E09280E0D1C8" originalValue="Klebba’s">Klebba's</normalizedToken>
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||
Snail-Eater
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2C493363349D5608B321DFA29DE2FA08" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="proposed standard spanish name">
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||
<paragraph id="936745BE81C5166D3D03E9961E4DA909" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Proposed standard Spanish name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7BE63C6E3E39A9BE82F52FB9020A078F" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Caracolera de Klebba</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="43F2C0761320E0FA7619DA79DAA79C15" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">
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||
<paragraph id="7F43AF7A0C5EC3534DC2A1B4137B93FA" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13432E63B61DFB9CBB6FD88292275A2C" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
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MZUTI 5412 (Figs 15, 16), adult male collected by Phillip Torres on April 28, 2016 at Pacto Sumaco, province of Napo, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate id="5ACCB0BE7E87051C06C975CE7170433B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.66377">S0.66377</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="7F5DC4816EB4C5BDDF01E26DE9AE83B2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.59895">W77.59895</geoCoordinate>
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; 1556 m).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0490DC572E40E259ED2EC01D513BAF0B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="D6FE76938410222E764B0D70CF832359" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="54E7BCFD4C3FC3F0032B33114BD55C75" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
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DHMECN 568, adult female collected by Thomas Begher on 1980 at Borja, province of Napo, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate id="3CAA97B2C79F784A57B8001E40ECB5C9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.42054">S0.42054</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="8066BA001032C71A0AF3D2A0BD7B8D16" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.84104">W77.84104</geoCoordinate>
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||
; 1717 m). MCZ 164674-75, two adults of undetermined sex collected by Giovani Onore on June 01, 1983 at
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<normalizedToken id="0ECF56495B142A40F557D64007CD88D4" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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||
Azuela, province of Napo, Ecuador (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="7DDB1C889A0194CD95C430134F5B7C6A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.148693">S0.148693</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="2BFA32FBBAFB5C7D06B0A7C32D5853C3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.65463">W77.65463</geoCoordinate>
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||
; 1402 m). MHNG 2220.035, 2220.056, 2250.063, 2250.064, one juvenile female and three adult males, respectively, collected by Giovani Onore on 1984 at El Chaco, province of Napo, Ecuador (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="9C48F24E0A3643B8DD6BF2F635CE8487" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.33763">S0.33763</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="2BAE15ECB0E7D735BCFF78C4440C24FE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.80957">W77.80957</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1595 m). MHNG 2220.038-039, adult female and adult male, respectively, collected by Giovani Onore on November 1984 at San Rafael, province of Napo, Ecuador (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CE34546B2076AB583155ADECEB5F0C12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.09669">S0.09669</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="F69A6CC5BEBE5971292159AE48C19E57" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.58995">W77.58995</geoCoordinate>
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||
; 1464 m). MHNG 2220.04, 2220.041, adult females collected by Giovani Onore on May 1984 at El Reventador, province of Napo, Ecuador (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="DADA3514596B92C6053508ADDC2D2553" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.0448">S0.04480</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="168613DA717B42595E3236D29A8FCA05" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.52858">W77.52858</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1476 m). MZUTI 63, adult male collected by Alejandro Arteaga on August 08, 2011 at Yanayacu, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EC128CBCAFEDF67BE1A7F932A9648BBE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.60042">S0.60042</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="A602C9D714880B1BE78930FD74F5CC30" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.89053">W77.89053</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 2110 m). MNHG 2529.029, adult female collected by Eugen Kramer on February 22, 1992 at Napo province, Ecuador. QCAZ 12488, collected by Pablo Medrano on March 02, 2015 at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89C6D6B8666EB33903BFCC17AA9CC55C" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Quijos, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8F24A85AFCC4DE0A118906A123A49C7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.45224">S0.45224</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="879020B3F90614FF0220FAAD1D62A146" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.94249">W77.94249</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1929 m). QCAZ 12600, collected by Pablo Medrano on March 27, 2014 at Santa Rosa, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="696F65B4118B01DEC5A407EB85F7AFAB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.3963">S0.39630</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5C2CF9E860DE8762EEEB63CF9B36D4F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.82343">W77.82343</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1113 m). QCAZ 13124, collected by
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||
<normalizedToken id="1DBD35B641E543AD1D1E7AE3CEDE5284" originalValue="Fabián">Fabian</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vallejo on November 21, 2014 at Las Palmas, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12FE90235F25947667F990A3DEEF1B4F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.54691">S0.54691</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0C5BE5F691EE65329E4FD5170FB8DC3B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.87762">W77.87762</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1903 m). QCAZ 14281, adult male collected by Andrea
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||
<normalizedToken id="236ADCD5E123CF2B40B2058CE7F85E87" originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
|
||
on December 02, 2016 at La Bonita, province of
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||
<normalizedToken id="9CFB15EE0079F133613BB1A7F00E70A1" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Ecuador (N0.47209, W77.54661; 1953 m). QCAZ 1496, collected on October 18, 1992 at Sardinas, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A58414B418C29F4541DF8D56424A2568" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.38484">S0.38484</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0D9D97F5C22844DCE679CFEEFBDDB2FD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.83782">W77.83782</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1641 m). QCAZ 1605, adult male collected by Victor Utreras on February 04, 1992 at 2 km E Borja, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1CA28B72F8E6AB045F980A2CE9BC3828" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.41543">S0.41543</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45FD23BDE090FA00315C00DF36E46B29" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.83032">W77.83032</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1608 m). QCAZ 250, adult male collected at El Reventador, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9165168635ABE28FD4328E5245907FDE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.0448">S0.04480</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A37884182374F3FA68CA046C53719E88" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.52858">W77.52858</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1476 m). QCAZ 358-59, collected on January 10, 1984 at Cascada de San Rafael, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="754A845F52C5C9DD93719EDED789E6E0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.10354">S0.10354</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3BCC4073C3218ABD1FCD0E484AA8986A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.58337">W77.58337</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1246 m). QCAZ 4500, collected by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="35759EB6D4F59AC559778545C23E337A" originalValue="Estefanía">Estefania</normalizedToken>
|
||
Boada on August 01, 2011 at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FBADF9B859E4569F5AF143E7C66420DA" originalValue="Hostería">Hosteria</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="79D1CB222C6820BED97B25C760ECBAB2" originalValue="Cumandá">Cumanda</normalizedToken>
|
||
, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="401CC1A83EE770604DFC656E4B8C390E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.45249">S0.45249</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A9B7DF187BA552E4EA1EF1664FAAD2F6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.88071">W77.88071</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1856 m). QCAZ 9696, collected by Steven Poe on August 04, 2009 at 2.3 km N of turnoff to Baeza, province of Napo, Ecuador (N0.45236, W77.88212; 1840 m). USNM 386323, adult female col
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="0D30E312BF292F1C5AFB8738C8C56BDA" pageId="17" pageNumber="96" start="start">lected</pageBreakToken>
|
||
on February 24, 1979 at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F73FCFC4CBBF713B93C7C90F8DAF2FBF" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Azuela, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="47FE2E2DB5BB9ACA742D34D0A0D00026" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.148693">S0.148693</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1411D34514D8948A0246118E1197F9C3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.65463">W77.65463</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1402 m). ZSFQ D304, female collected by Jean-Marc Touzet and Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia at Cascada de San Rafael, province of Napo, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D9DA5806E3BDDF3F7B65CFB5A3777EF5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.10007">S0.10007</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5273E1E07D29B31656CAD7436482B61" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.58034">W77.58034</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1182 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7890986A644ECA0C6AB99E6C399F88EB" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="17" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C7147BADD9D3D16FF224CE5B9D16226" pageId="17" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6DE7FDB4C3A8CB7CD20608C0C9D25D4F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="17" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9058C7557A5FFD90B2CE9AB064E7E6A0" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas klebbai" pageId="17" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klebbai">Dipsas klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BACD7F0B7B7EE3CD08A3DC1E5A6C440" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dipsas</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig. 3), and the absence of a labial that is noticeably higher than other labials and in contact with the postocular, primary and secondary temporals. The species differs from all described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F13497C9D15FC6A590042BC5BF9F50A4" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dipsas</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals with enlarged vertebral row (1.5-1.8 times
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D4530B9306E4A248FF94F363B2ECEE85" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
|
||
wide as adjacent rows); (2) one loreal and one preocular in contact with orbit; (3) 9-11 supralabials with (usually) 4th to 6th contacting orbit; (4) one pair of infralabials in contact behind symphysial; (5) 181-201 ventrals in males, 187-194 in females; (6) 99-123 divided subcaudals in males, 98-106 in females; (7) dorsal and ventral ground color light brown with various degrees of fine black speckling and 27-36 dark brown to black, cream-edged oblong blotches that are longer that interspaces and become smaller towards the tail (Fig. 2m, n); on first half of body, the dark bands meet ventrally to form full body rings; on second half they fail to meet ventrally; head black with different degrees of whitish edging on the labial scales, and a thin (1-2 scales long) cream to light brown irregular nuchal collar; dorsal blotches usually incomplete ventrally, extending far onto ventrals and occasionally fusing midventrally; cream edges of neighboring blotches fused in first 6-9 blotches; (8) 401-749 mm SVL in males, 525-630 mm in females; (9) 169-330 mm TL in males, 209-240 mm in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CDA8D35A58ADB2A0E5EE50151A33A94B" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="21A8D333F99A054443D9FA64BD4EC47E" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 9. Adult male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4445853C51B773F7BDB433B1D882C355" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas bobridgelyi" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bobridgelyi">Dipsas bobridgelyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MZUTI 5417.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="01EBF4DE032E18932CBA82D483A1DEC3" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="73398DF096A5B2BE30B09F22017231BD" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 10. Adult male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5578C25EBF4143AE140106128E61E852" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas bobridgelyi" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bobridgelyi">Dipsas bobridgelyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MZUTI 5417. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6BFF633F01D2FAB59030917C0D763AED" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C7F2089BD32E421134C43F3C91881D6" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D3B4B8D622899BF9548D15E19F1104F" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2AEDEE03101F3592A3580F8BDEEE733" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas klebbai" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klebbai">Dipsas klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
is compared to species previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03B898C0CAE789FEA6B88AAC47ADD6FD" lsidName="D. peruana" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="peruana">D. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD3D8F9B485A6D0E43FFB6A5E53427B8" lsidName="D. latifrontalis" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="latifrontalis">D. latifrontalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F97D21617DB7C345596FE1158B1BED58" lsidName="D. palmeri" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="palmeri">D. palmeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A420E22AF1F1B1BDECFF4042F853EED" lsidName="D. peruana" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="peruana">D. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8299FCCFD33E965E06567B590CA15FD8" lsidName="D. latifrontalis" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="latifrontalis">D. latifrontalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 1n) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99C804EBBF9B04E354797650F92A18AC" lsidName="D. palmeri" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="palmeri">D. palmeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 1r, s), it differs in having longer oblong to rectangular body blotches up to 7-13 vertebral scales long (vs. fewer than 8 vertebral scales long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F28B00163963E163E079894831EE92AD" lsidName="D. latifrontalis" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="latifrontalis">D. latifrontalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4191A68425BC6379A8BFF3072F5148F2" lsidName="D. palmeri" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="palmeri">D. palmeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that are also longer than the interspaces (Fig. 1l, m). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E46B955549F19C525F3E85161E2E233" lsidName="D. klebbai" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="klebbai">D. klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28D7BDCDA132BF3187D838E8F0E70632" lsidName="D. peruana" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="peruana">D. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the exception of BMNH 1946.1.2078, based on the presence of the following characteristics (condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="307F0C7762A53E6246F560F9D5F781CB" lsidName="D. peruana" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="peruana">D. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
in parentheses): posterior body blotches twice to four times as long as interspaces (vs. posterior body blotches ca. equal in length or marginally longer than interspaces); interspaces never completely obscured by black pigment (vs. completely melanized in some specimens); dorsal surface of head black (vs. dark brown with dingy cream reticulations); dorsal body blotches fused ventrally on the first half of the body (vs. rarely fused); longest body blotch at least 7 vertebral scales long (vs. longest body blotch 4-7 vertebral scales long). Genetic divergence in a 684 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial Cytb gene between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B51837286898163CF5F469E0F08B4CAE" lsidName="D. klebbai" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="klebbai">D. klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEEC08E7FE03929F7DCF3D56ECA543B0" lsidName="D. palmeri" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="palmeri">D. palmeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 8.2-9.2%, whereas intraspecific distances are less than 1.1% in both species. For the same fragment, the distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D5A2B7AD9D8C382FC04E05176AAACD" lsidName="D. klebbai" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="klebbai">D. klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708F7847C2CEA27D57F0B87D7CC9C9C8" lsidName="D. peruana" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="peruana">D. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 10.7-11.0%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D602F89C22322CA3BF13F8CE9283670" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AEF19E6F312FEFC32CF742945D52BA5F" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="69A495A075CCCD6A4FAC5E8CF2FB15AF" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Adult male, SVL 608 mm, tail length 262 mm (43% SVL); head length 20.3 mm (3% SVL) from tip of snout to commissure of mouth; head width 12.7 mm (62% head length) taken at broadest point; snout-orbit distance 5.4 mm; head distinct from neck; snout short, blunt in dorsal and lateral outline; rostral 4.0 mm wide, broader than high; internasals 2.6 mm wide, as broad as long; prefrontals 3.9 mm wide, broader than long, excluded from entering orbit by preocular; supraocular 4.3 mm long, broader than long; frontal 4.5 mm long, hexagonal, in contact with prefrontals, supraoculars, and parietals; parietals 6.6 mm long, longer than broad; nasal divided, in contact with first two supralabials, loreal, prefrontal, internasal, and rostral; loreal 2.6 mm long, slightly longer than high, entering orbit; eye diameter 4.5 mm; pupil semi-elliptical; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; ten supralabials, 5th and 6th contacting orbit; symphysial separated from chinshields by the first pair of infralabials; 14 infralabials, 2-7 contacting chinshields; anterior pair of chinshields longer
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="E4F8A62554430FAAAFF2C6FEAA0B9F84" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" start="start">than</pageBreakToken>
|
||
broad, posterior pair broader than long; dorsal scales in 15/15/15 rows, smooth, without apical pits; 188 ventrals; 116 divided subcaudals; cloacal plate single.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="177E45F88065E56A411BC4DD0615C4B6" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="032F5CB641FE54CF9B8CF1DAA73EBACE" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC9B9FD85E6CFB34ADC62FBC28CA2B47" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
At night (21h53-02h13), specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E0BA764D85E09F001D564BAF6457013" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas klebbai" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klebbai">Dipsas klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found active during or after light rain on arboreal vegetation 50-500 cm above the ground in a variety of environments ranging from primary montane cloud forests and evergreen montane forests to silvopastures and forest borders, occasionally close to rivers. By day, individuals have been found hidden underground in pastures or among shrubs in rural gardens, or coiled on leaves at 300 cm above the ground. At dusk, after warm days, individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F12C751EF40EE6B6DB6A930728EBB10B" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas klebbai" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klebbai">Dipsas klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been seen crossing roads. QCAZ 13124 laid six eggs on December 2014. Five eggs were found inside a rotten trunk at El Chaco, province of Napo Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5AFDB447ACCF23821CCE02AD5AABD1B2" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="121E0E293786BDF43C1228AF2F5AAB55" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1D2327556DC42ABB8EC316D6BDEF13C" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Endemic to the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes in the provinces of Napo and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E87134F5EBC5C3098D0B1C66987ABE99" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
|
||
at elevations between 1246 and 2120 m (Fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4C8289090D8A665B7CDE69BE3E300C9F" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C35BCBF376AA1B6AC0B44E5BD19BE5F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E309BD69B04DD1DB4399165DEFA516F" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Named after Casey Klebba, in recognition of his appreciation of and passion for Andean wildlife, and his invaluable support of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="94482FF41265A08AF0D3B9418695AECC" originalValue="AA’s">AA's</normalizedToken>
|
||
field expeditions to remote areas of Ecuador. After a visit to Peru in 2011, Casey became an active supporter of conservation and scientific projects in Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5B4A38CF6878638AC659D0F1FF92B895" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="881388E99C8D79536E9D4794B395DA55" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3AAD508B325EC1A9915FFFD4D4ABA34" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
All known localities of occurrence for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC5CE5632A59D0C3159D548631D217D4" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas klebbai" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klebbai">Dipsas klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall within the limits or within the buffer zone of the following protected areas: Parque Nacional Cayambe Coca, Parque Nacional Sumaco Napo Galeras, Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5E6094A69C36AFB6AA72FD92DB4824ED" originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Antisana, and Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8018A944A60B281069BDFCD648705340" originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3E7C17BB070F8FDABA81A02F0559DDEB" originalValue="Cofán">Cofan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bermejo. Furthermore, the species is common in degraded environments, which suggests a degree of tolerance for habitat modification. For these reasons, and because it does not meet the criteria (IUCN 2001) for qualifying in a threatened category, we here list it as Least Concern following IUCN guidelines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="475CC3E866312E6E532C798A81461E01" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="7015E6B4F3319825CB7E065AA950FA6D" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40A3DCC664AED338609047189553FF75" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
In their revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D01D2C454909A17D5EE7A81C616BFC5" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas peruana" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruana">Dipsas peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7BC7516341561D0058402E7251B99EFD" author="Harvey, MB" pageId="30" pageNumber="109" url="https://doi.org/10.1655/07-023.1" year="2008">Harvey and Embert (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37CA01DF673940BE3894081001692545" lsidName="D. klebbai" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="klebbai">D. klebbai</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, they found no characters that could diagnose these specimens from the rest of Ecuadorian and Peruvian specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBF83CC6D8F140C53C8E9A9AB7CF9DEC" genus="D." lsidName="D." pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="genus">D.</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B9254B2566F3C97CFDC150C67EC6925" genus="Palmales" lsidName="Palmales peruana" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="peruana">peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
" in order to establish species boundaries. They also grouped the then valid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F12485060BAF16FEAB8EF8417C886A3" lsidName="D. boettgeri" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="boettgeri">D. boettgeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E5097E176B616C6FBACD8A8235D0F93" lsidName="D. latifrontalis" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="latifrontalis">D. latifrontalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF5F42106FA2B318F4CCAFB0B3531927" lsidName="D. polylepis" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="polylepis">D. polylepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48D17A0BA038C94B6D9CE5C515EFB51D" lsidName="D. peruana" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="peruana">D. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The authors were right to point out that the different populations cannot be separated based on characters of lepidosis. However, they did not include molecular data in their analyses, and also failed to notice the geographically structured differences in the length of the body blotches and their relationship to the length of the interspaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7605B35216E228BC08076E07AF87A3CE" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5A802AA89911C32865A38B5B66AF0BD" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Figure 11. Adult male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD31A5882CD990B2F99FCC9C94B3FDEF" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas georgejetti" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgejetti">Dipsas georgejetti</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MZUTI 5411.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F628E50A42CF286EB10860C2E1DD6327" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<paragraph id="EBF0D0F13D62D122FD7CBE18DE181F52" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Figure 12. Adult male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FDD4D4BA88E011769E8A6D70814695E" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas georgejetti" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgejetti">Dipsas georgejetti</taxonomicName>
|
||
. MZUTI 5411. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |