treatments-xml/data/45/34/DC/4534DCBB4B9BAE13A92C603ECC270864.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5d9d73e2-c94a-416c-b943-c3ab14a22df0" ID-PMC="PMC6041354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-770-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" ID-PubMed="30002590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310213" ID-ZooBank="4D984FDD93664D8B8A8E9D4B3F9B8EFB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-770-43" checkinTime="1530781150282" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neubauer, Thomas A., Velde, Sabrina van de, Yanina, Tamara &amp; Wesselingh, Frank P." docDate="2018" docId="4534DCBB4B9BAE13A92C603ECC270864" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 770: 43-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 770" docPubDate="2018-07-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" docTitle="Clessiniola variabilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFA0FF981B4D3C194F12F960FFCFFF05" masterDocTitle="A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668165966764" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neubauer, Thomas A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 - 32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Velde, Sabrina van de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yanina, Tamara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wesselingh, Frank P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-07-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>770</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
<mods:end>103</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-770-43</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4D984FDD93664D8B8A8E9D4B3F9B8EFB</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1310213</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4534DCBB4B9BAE13A92C603ECC270864" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4534DCBB4B9BAE13A92C603ECC270864" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authority="(Eichwald, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis (Eichwald, 1838)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pyrgulinae. A-C Clessiniola variabilis (Eichwald, 1838), LV 201507, broad morphotype D C. variabilis, RGM 1310246, broad morphotype E C. variabilis, RGM 1310245, slender morphotype F-H C. variabilis, RGM 1310243, slender morphotype I C. variabilis, RGM 1309827." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7A-I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
*1838 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Paludina variabilis</taxonomicName>
m.; Eichwald: 151-152.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1841 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Paludina variabilis</taxonomicName>
m. - Eichwald: 253-254, pl. 38, figs 6-7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1853 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Pal.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">udina</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">variabilis</emphasis>
m. - Eichwald: 285.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1887 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessinia variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessinia variabilis</taxonomicName>
Eichw. sp. - W. Dybowski: 41-42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1888 [
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessinia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Clessinia</taxonomicName>
] 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessinia variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessinia variabilis</taxonomicName>
Eichw. sp. - W. Dybowski: 79, pl. 2, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1952 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1841). - Zhadin: 255, fig. 199.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1966 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">yrgula</emphasis>
] (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessiniola</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">variabilis</emphasis>
. - Golikov &amp; Starobogatov: 356, fig. 2 (2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1969 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Neubauer &amp; Velde &amp; Yanina &amp; Wesselingh" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Neubauer &amp; Velde &amp; Yanina &amp; Wesselingh" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgula" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pyrgula</taxonomicName>
[(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindholm" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Clessiniola</taxonomicName>
)] 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
(Eichw.) - Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov: 377, fig. 367 (1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
1987 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">urricaspia</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">variabilis</emphasis>
(Eichw.). - Alexenko &amp; Starobogatov: 34, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
2006 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Turricaspia variabilis</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838). - Kantor &amp; Sysoev: 111, pl. 49, fig. J.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
2011 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Turricaspia variabilis</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838). - Anistratenko et al.: 85, fig. 3 (15).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
2014 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Turricaspia variabilis</taxonomicName>
. - Taviani et al.: 4, fig. 3b.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Clessiniola variabilis</taxonomicName>
2016 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Turricaspia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turricaspia variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">Turricaspia variabilis</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838). - Vinarski &amp; Kantor: 251.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation abbreviationString="LV 201507" accessionNumber="LV 201507" collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectionCode="RGM, LV" prefix="LV" specimenCode="RGM 1309815, RGM 1309826, RGM 1309827, RGM 1309831, RGM 1310243, LV 201507" specimenCount="4867" type="Arabic" value="201501" valueMax="201750" valueMin="201501" values="201501-201530,201731-201750">
<specimenCount type="generic">4867 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode>RGM 1309815</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>RGM 1309826</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>RGM 1309827</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>RGM 1309831</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode>RGM 1310243</specimenCode>
-1310247, 
<specimenCode>LV 201507</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Not traced.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">&quot;In Volgae ostio prope Astrachanum, et versus mare Caspium; etiam fossili in calcatio lapide conglutinato recentissimo Dagesthanici littoris&quot; (at the Volga river mouth near Astrakhan, and towards the Caspian Sea; also in recently lithified fossil limestone at the shores of Dagestan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
5.91 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" unit="mm" value="331.0">3.31 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15324" name="Catholic University of Leuven" type="Herbarium">LV</collectionCode>
201507, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pyrgulinae. A-C Clessiniola variabilis (Eichwald, 1838), LV 201507, broad morphotype D C. variabilis, RGM 1310246, broad morphotype E C. variabilis, RGM 1310245, slender morphotype F-H C. variabilis, RGM 1310243, slender morphotype I C. variabilis, RGM 1309827." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">7A-C</figureCitation>
); 6.31 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.59" unit="mm" value="359.0">3.59 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310246, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pyrgulinae. A-C Clessiniola variabilis (Eichwald, 1838), LV 201507, broad morphotype D C. variabilis, RGM 1310246, broad morphotype E C. variabilis, RGM 1310245, slender morphotype F-H C. variabilis, RGM 1310243, slender morphotype I C. variabilis, RGM 1309827." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">7D</figureCitation>
); 4.60 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="mm" value="235.0">2.35 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310245, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pyrgulinae. A-C Clessiniola variabilis (Eichwald, 1838), LV 201507, broad morphotype D C. variabilis, RGM 1310246, broad morphotype E C. variabilis, RGM 1310245, slender morphotype F-H C. variabilis, RGM 1310243, slender morphotype I C. variabilis, RGM 1309827." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">7E</figureCitation>
); 6.08 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" unit="mm" value="318.0">3.18 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310243, Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pyrgulinae. A-C Clessiniola variabilis (Eichwald, 1838), LV 201507, broad morphotype D C. variabilis, RGM 1310246, broad morphotype E C. variabilis, RGM 1310245, slender morphotype F-H C. variabilis, RGM 1310243, slender morphotype I C. variabilis, RGM 1309827." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">7F-H</figureCitation>
); 6.85 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8899999999999997" unit="mm" value="389.0">3.89 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310244).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1310449" doi="10.3897/zookeys.770.25365.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/214770" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brusina" baseAuthorityYear="1881" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pyrgulinae">Pyrgulinae</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A-C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola variabilis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessiniola variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838), LV 201507, broad morphotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310246, broad morphotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310245, slender morphotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">F-H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1310243, slender morphotype 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode collectionName="RGM" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/47nz-wbm0" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RGM</collectionCode>
1309827.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Broadly drop-shaped to rarely conical shell of up to six whorls. Protoconch insufficiently preserved to specify extent and surface sculpture; P/T transition indistinct; first whorl measures ca. 340 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter. Teleoconch whorls moderately and regularly convex; sometimes, spire is very faintly stepped; suture narrow. In many specimens, shells starts to grow stronger in abapical direction in course of last (two) whorl(s), producing non-parallel suture and relatively higher penultimate whorl. Rarely, forms with comparatively slender shape and regularly increasing whorls (and thus relatively smaller last and penultimate whorls) occur. Both 
<typeStatus>types</typeStatus>
are linked via intermediates. Aperture regularly ovoid, inclined; inner lip glossy, weakly to sometimes more prominently thickened; strongly adnate, sheet-like expanded over base of penultimate whorl and columella, rarely leaving very narrow umbilicus; broad, shallow spout occurs at transition between columella and base; outer lip mainly thin, sometimes weakly thickened at anterior notch. Growth lines very faint, with prosocline upper third and near orthocline lower two-thirds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">This species displays a large morphological variability within our ample material. Shell shape ranges between slender conical to broadly ovoid, sometimes with weakly irregular growth. Likewise, shell size, whorl convexity, and number of whorls vary considerably. Yet, these features intergrade without clear boundary, rendering a distinction of species unreasonable.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The morphological variability is not restricted to our material but a general feature of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindholm" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessiniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was documented by several previous authors, partly for specimens from the same localities (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="125 - 174" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" refId="B35" refString="Eichwald, E, 1838. Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 11 (2): 125 - 174, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" title="Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" volume="11" year="1838">Eichwald 1838</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Issel, A" journalOrPublisher="Stamperia Reale, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" refId="B55" refString="Issel, A, 1865. Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note. Stamperia Reale, Torino, http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" title="Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note." url="http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" year="1865">Issel 1865</bibRefCitation>
, W. 
<bibRefCitation author="Dybowski, W" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35483241" refId="B34" refString="Dybowski, W, 1887-1888. Die Gasteropoden-Fauna des Kaspischen Meeres. Nach der Sammlung des Akademikers Dr. K. E. v. Baer. Malakozoologische Blaetter (Neue Folge) 10(1-3): 1-64 [issue 1, 1887], 65-79 [issue 2, 1888], pl. 1-3 [issue 3, 1888]. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35483241" title="Die Gasteropoden-Fauna des Kaspischen Meeres. Nach der Sammlung des Akademikers Dr. K. E. v. Baer. Malakozoologische Blaetter (Neue Folge) 10 (1 - 3): 1 - 64 [issue 1, 1887], 65 - 79 [issue 2, 1888], pl. 1 - 3 [issue 3, 1888]." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35483241" year="1887 - 1888">Dybowski 1887-1888</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Golikov, AN" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="352 - 362" refId="B45" refString="Golikov, AN, Starobogatov, YaI, 1966. Ponto-kaspiyskiy bryukhonogiye mollyuski v Azovo-Chernomorskom basseyne. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 45 (3): 352 - 362" title="Ponto-kaspiyskiy bryukhonogiye mollyuski v Azovo-Chernomorskom basseyne." volume="45" year="1966">Golikov and Starobogatov 1966</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov 1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Alexenko, TL" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="32 - 38" refId="B5" refString="Alexenko, TL, Starobogatov, YaI, 1987. Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna. Vestnik Zoologii 21 (3): 32 - 38" title="Vidy Caspia i Turricaspia (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Pyrgulidae) Azovo-Chernomorskogo basseyna." volume="21" year="1987">Alexenko and Starobogatov 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Naukova dumka, Kiev" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B9" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Khaliman, IA, Anistratenko, OY, 2011. Mollyuski Azovskogo morya. Naukova dumka, Kiev" title="Mollyuski Azovskogo morya." year="2011">Anistratenko et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The species concepts applied by the different authors, however, varied greatly. The present material includes shells that have been variably attributed to the species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. triton" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="triton">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. triton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Eichwald, 1838) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. martensii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="martensii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. martensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Clessin &amp; W. Dybowski in W. Dybowski, 1887). The 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola triton" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triton">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessiniola triton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype sensu Eichwald characterizes broad specimens with slightly detached aperture (see also 
<bibRefCitation author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
); these forms are rarely represented in our material. 
<bibRefCitation author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="125 - 174" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" refId="B35" refString="Eichwald, E, 1838. Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 11 (2): 125 - 174, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" title="Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" volume="11" year="1838">Eichwald (1838</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 290" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" refId="B36" refString="Eichwald, E, 1841. Fauna Caspio-Caucasica nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit. Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 1 - 290, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" title="Fauna Caspio-Caucasica nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" volume="7" year="1841">1841</bibRefCitation>
) himself confirmed the rarity of the form, also stating that he did not find a living representative (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola martensii" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="martensii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessiniola martensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype was introduced for similarly broad morphologies. (Note that Clessin and W. Dybowski used a different concept of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. triton" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="triton">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. triton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there having a rather elongate conical shell.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Because of the fluent morphological transition between forms traditionally referred to as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. triton" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="triton">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. triton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. martensii" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="martensii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. martensii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as their joint occurrence in several localities in the Pontocaspian region, one might consider all of them synonymous. Personal observations on Holocene material from Dagestan area, however, indicate indeed distinguishable morphotypes without intermediates. Moreover, frequent shell repair found in most of the Selitrennoye specimens additionally complicates an unbiased view on morphological diversity. A more in-depth investigation comparing undamaged material from different sites is thus required.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Given the large variability, the Caspian species 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessiniola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessiniola ovum" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ovum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessiniola ovum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov, 1969) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. trivialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="trivialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. trivialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Logvinenko &amp; Starobogatov, 1969), as well as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pseudotriton" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="pseudotriton">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. pseudotriton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Golikov &amp; Starobogatov, 1966) from the Dniester River mouth (compare 
<bibRefCitation author="Kantor, YuI" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B58" refString="Kantor, YuI, Sysoev, AV, 2006. Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="Morskiye i solonovatovodnyye bryukhonogiye mollyuski Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran: illyustrirovannyy katalog." year="2006">Kantor and Sysoev 2006</bibRefCitation>
), might too be considered as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the original descriptions and drawings provided impede clarification of their statuses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westerlund" authorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Clessinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clessinia ahngeri" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ahngeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Clessinia ahngeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Westerlund, 1902 is often listed as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but without discussion (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation author="Logvinenko, BM" editor="Birshtein, YaA" journalOrPublisher="Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="308 - 385" refId="B70" refString="Logvinenko, BM, Starobogatov, YaI, 1969. Mollusca. In: Birshtein, YaA, Vinogradov, LG, Kondakov, NN, Kuhn, MS, Astakhova, TV, Romanova, NN, Eds., Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost (Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii), Moskva: 308 - 385" title="Mollusca." volumeTitle="Atlas bespozvonochnykh Kaspiyskogo morya." year="1969">Logvinenko and Starobogatov 1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The original description of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ahngeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="ahngeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. ahngeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests close similarities indeed between both species claiming, however, that it differs from other congeners in the much larger spire (
<date value="2011-10-05">
11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
</date>
) and the slightly sinuate outer lip. Examination of 
<bibRefCitation author="Westerlund, CA" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="35 - 47" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15598774" refId="B129" refString="Westerlund, CA, 1902b. Malacologische Bemerkungen und Beschreibungen. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 34: 35 - 47, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15598774" title="Malacologische Bemerkungen und Beschreibungen." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15598774" volume="34" year="1902 b">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Westerlund’s">Westerlund's</normalizedToken>
(1902b)
</bibRefCitation>
material is required to ascertain the alleged synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The record of &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paludina</taxonomicName>
Eichwaldi
</emphasis>
Kryn.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 290" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" refId="B36" refString="Eichwald, E, 1841. Fauna Caspio-Caucasica nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit. Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 7: 1 - 290, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" title="Fauna Caspio-Caucasica nonnullis observationibus novis illustravit." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33163057" volume="7" year="1841">Eichwald (1841)</bibRefCitation>
listed in synonymy of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to a nomen nudum mentioned in a species list by 
<bibRefCitation author="Krynicki, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="50 - 64" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5521585" refId="B63" refString="Krynicki, AJ, 1837. Conchylia tam terrestria, quam fluviatilia et e maribus adjacentibus Imperii Rossici indigena, quae pro mutua offeruntur historiae naturalis cultoribus commutatione. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 10 (2): 50 - 64, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5521585" title="Conchylia tam terrestria, quam fluviatilia et e maribus adjacentibus Imperii Rossici indigena, quae pro mutua offeruntur historiae naturalis cultoribus commutatione." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5521585" volume="10" year="1837">Krynicki (1837)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Endemic to the Pontocaspian region. Found in the Caspian Sea and the lower courses of rivers and freshwater parts of the Azov and Black seas (
<bibRefCitation author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Naukova dumka, Kiev" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B9" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Khaliman, IA, Anistratenko, OY, 2011. Mollyuski Azovskogo morya. Naukova dumka, Kiev" title="Mollyuski Azovskogo morya." year="2011">Anistratenko et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B121" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YuI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Also reported from Neoeuxinian (late Pleistocene) deposits of the Marmara Sea (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045" author="Taviani, M" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="11 - 17" refId="B113" refString="Taviani, M, Angeletti, L, Cagatay, MN, Gasperini, L, Polonia, A, Wesselingh, FP, 2014. Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik &quot;lake&quot; (Sea of Marmara). Quaternary International 345: 11 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045" title="Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik &quot; lake &quot; (Sea of Marmara)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045" volume="345" year="2014">Taviani et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>