284 lines
21 KiB
XML
284 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e74d19-92e1-402e-9e53-287900da18cd" ID-PMC="PMC5523888" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-675-97" ID-PubMed="28769681" ID-ZBK="6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-675-97" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 675" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)" checkinTime="1495538546563" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jochum, Adrienne, Weigand, Alexander M., Bochud, Estee, Inaebnit, Thomas, Doerge, Dorian D., Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Favre, Adrien, Martels, Gunhild & Kampschulte, Marian" docDate="2017" docId="36988778254B76C08561523F07FC6472" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 675: 97-127" docOrigin="ZooKeys 675" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453" docTitle="Carychium zarzaae Jochum & Weigand, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="004706DF-EBA1-4552-B0C6-1A2A966FC970" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="FFF0FFA2FFD2E54DFF98FFB8FFA8FFE8" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Carychium O. F. Mueller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1668164480878" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new species of Carychium O. F. Mueller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jochum, Adrienne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Weigand, Alexander M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bochud, Estee</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Inaebnit, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doerge, Dorian D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruthensteiner, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Favre, Adrien</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martels, Gunhild</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kampschulte, Marian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>675</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>97</mods:start>
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<mods:end>127</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-675-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844549" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:004706DF-EBA1-4552-B0C6-1A2A966FC970" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36988778254B76C08561523F07FC6472" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/004706DF-EBA1-4552-B0C6-1A2A966FC970" authority="Jochum & Weigand" class="Gastropoda" family="Carychiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae Jochum & Weigand</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="102">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 13, 14
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<bibRefCitation author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, Fig. 1 49|C13; Seq. ID: BARCA145-12, BARCA146-12, BARCA147-12, BARCA148-12.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Holotype (NMBE 549926/1 ex AJC ex AJC 1902, slightly damaged): Panama,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
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Province, Boquete, path near Boquete;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.824767">N8.824767</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-82.495834">W-82.495833</geoCoordinate>
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, on moist stick; 12 June 2011; leg. Eugenia Zarza.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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holotype (NMBE 549926/1)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
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paratype shell (NMBE 549927/1). Scale bar 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 14.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–DCT">A-DCT</normalizedToken>
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scans showing columellar apparatus of paratype (NMBE 549927/1)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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prominent parietal denticle. Scale bar 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Paratypes: locus typicus: 1 shell (NMBE 549927/1 ex AJC 1902) slightly damaged (CT-scanned) and 1 shell formerly in formol (SMF 341640 ex AJC 1903); 1 shell formerly in formol (CM 155816 ex AJC 1903); data as the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="103" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Shell c. 1.72 mm in height, opaque, elongate-pupiform with an entire, elliptically shaped and thickened peristome, with a palatal callus, columellar-basal callus and a moderately sized, parietal denticle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Measurements are provided in Table 2. Shell minute, elongate-pupiform, opaque, very thin, with about 4.25 convex whorls and a deeply incised suture; with irregular striations or blunt growth lines on the body whorl. Protoconch bulbous. Teleoconch is smooth with glossy sheen. Peristome elliptical and thickly doubled by callus below the palatal bulge (not denticle), only slightly higher than wide, taking up more than one third of the shell height, moderately reflected and curved back at the base (Fig. 13C,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
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). Columellar margin has a parietal-columellar callus. Parietal denticle deeply set and moderately thick, slightly downward projecting and prominently visible from the umbilical perspective (Fig. 14 F). Internally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has a very thin sinuous lamella starting at the upper third of the penultimate whorl and forming a moderate tongue-like configuration in the body whorl in dorsal perspective (Fig. 14C). Under the sinuous lamella, the elongated columellar spindle twists smoothly, forming the columellar basal callus at its proximal end (Fig. 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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). In dorsal and side-ventral perspectives (Fig. 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), the columellar lamella forms an oblique, elongated S form with its thickest part forming the rim of the distal portion and projecting moderately from the columella (Fig. 14D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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by its very thin shell, rounder whorls and general reduction of marked striation on the teleoconch. In side view aperture-left profile, the body whorl of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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projects c. 1/8 beyond the rim of the peristome. The shell of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is smaller and thinner than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
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and larger and thinner than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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. The parietal denticle and the parieto-columellar callus on the peristome of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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are not prominent as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 11A, E, I) but larger than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 4A, I, 5A, E) and most similar to those in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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(Puebla) (Fig. 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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). The increasing sinuosity of the lamella as it continues into the body whorl in the uppermost part of the penultimate whorl (in the dorsal perspective) of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is similar to that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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and not to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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nor to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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). However, in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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, the thickness of the lamella and the degree of horizontal lamellar extension is reduced in comparison to this structure in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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(aperture right and left views Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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); differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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by the fatter shell and the reduced parieto-columellar callus seen in some shells from the Puebla
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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population (Fig. 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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), by the uneven thickness of callus on the peristome at the palatal mid-section and where it curves back at the basal palatal margin; from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
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by the greatly reduced robustness of the shell and the imbalanced distribution of callus on the peristome. The elongated S-shaped lamella in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to that in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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. The shell of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is homogeneously compact in contrast to the elegantly slender, tapered form of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jardineanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="jardineanum">C. jardineanum</taxonomicName>
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, which also bears nearly six whorls compared to the 4.25 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Z. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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DNA barcode data can clearly delineate
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from all other North and Central American taxa, demonstrating its lowest K2P genetic distance of 4.1 % to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jardineanum" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="jardineanum">C. jardineanum</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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The new species is named after our Mexican colleague and previous coauthor, Eugenia Zarza, who collected the Panamanian material in
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<bibRefCitation author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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and subsequently, the Mexican material here. Without her perseverance in the field, we could not have molecularly corroborated
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<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="521 - 1113" title="Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Volume 2, Part 2" volume="3" year="1948">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pilsbry’s">Pilsbry's</normalizedToken>
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(1948)
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</bibRefCitation>
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morphological investigations, nor had enough comparative material to adequately assess
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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. Her field work has opened a new window to Mexican and Central American carychiid diversity and extended the distribution of this genus to its southern-most point in the Western Hemisphere.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Only known from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Tropical rainforest.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="conservation">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Conservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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is only known from Boquete. Consequently, and in conjunction with the Guidelines for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and petitions Subcommittee 2014), it is a Critically Endangered narrow range endemic (CR B1) and as such, warrants immediate conservation priority.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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The very thin shell of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
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contrasts remarkably with the pre-sequence images of the seemingly robust shell of the second Panamanian lineage C12 (Fig. 14), which resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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in peristome formation and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
in superficial teleoconch striation. Although somewhat hazy in these images, C12 shows a prominently thickened parieto-columellar callus and a thick parietal denticle in congruence with that in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium zarzaae" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zarzaae">Carychium zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from this joint Panamanian species. The columellar lamella of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is incredibly thin, almost like ripped gauze at the line of flexure where it projects away from the columella. In our experience,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. zarzaae" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="zarzaae">C. zarzaae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the thinnest shell so far encountered within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium" order="Ellobiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Carychium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Figure 15. Evolutionary Lineage (EL) C12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
Panamanian snails before sequence procedures. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |