495 lines
59 KiB
XML
495 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="84BEF4AF56718E9FC0598978F0E9FF8E" ID-CLB-Dataset="24105" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.585" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660259" ID-ZooBank="181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581251975682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L." docDate="2019" docId="18174D41FF25FF0DFD449D724FF80C1A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-585_ebersole_cicimurri_stinger.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 585" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Albula eppsi Frost in White 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="E42E3539FF85FFAFFFC69F344D4B0F37" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1698783570407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="E85F9F9B907DBCD659AC309685371C81" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A571803EFB78F8886CD523A20C4E1CFB">
|
||
<mods:title id="708C0562311B6C4C8F4AE7DB3D0B1C79">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D60380D1074393761C3C44B06A4E132A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0EB6F8754BE217BFF87216031A5F6CAC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="16E3667FDF1D175C2F60262F6CA53853">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="629EC512C1AD7F67A4926373DC733B14">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A4C1825488F500B08207C8CE3EEE693E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1E7101F7AD780765E11C9E61D16A1495">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D698A17A5391082C691149E2CCB36982">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E9DF4CD281A7678F435AC3C13919AC6B">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="DD14112D32333AE7D33AE9F5AE420662" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7D0A43F9534F241A135D55B0411096BB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="604BC47290B793D959700D522127ED4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9046965AB863D03584F468694ED10745">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="38C19491A52237BD4BB7BF9B61616703">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="7DAF42C1DDE65B786BC30EB88D41E53C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C0CCD55483A5B45E07A78361F84F6867">
|
||
<mods:title id="B18E5F54BB01EB4357670EF5F248C546">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7B48B6097A13E43F257C76BED647A9E6">
|
||
<mods:date id="469C02578617010044AF098131AB9A95">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0C97284877CE57B048B815F54BE9B688" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="6B0B2537D0CDEE3E50EB79C552123034">2019-12-06</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C304458287256441A15D2516382123AA" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="6B739AD3EFFFD7C11C4D3ABED949BB65">585</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="2B6C6C489D293B9E6AB889A6FFE36258" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="8085721294AFC867C86177FFC4B21837">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6F438E6344F2AAC8F4C01D482495DB48">274</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BC9A5DB2BAE794F8BF933445C2EA812F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="78EC68ABEB5E62B9050AC2708E2E4680" type="CLB-Dataset">24105</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B614FA64538E91DDB2CFCE8263A5D31E" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.585</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1B609D9CD03CEB679C534414DE0F6F99" type="GBIF-Dataset">dca608e8-fccf-4c1c-b8df-ef0c28e1d518</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CB910C264E325BB07A332E7B32BCAE1C" type="Zenodo-Dep">3660259</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BA32EBBCE1F1A22F6D98C9665F85D7A8" type="ZooBank">181B6FBA-ED75-4BB4-84C4-FB512B794749</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="18174D41FF25FF0DFD449D724FF80C1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664304" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162072924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FF25FF0DFD449D724FF80C1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18174D41FF25FF0DFD449D724FF80C1A" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF25FF0FFD449D724EF90D56" box="[642,946,582,609]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFD449D724EF90D56" blockId="160.[642,946,582,644]" box="[642,946,582,609]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF25FF0FFD449D724EF90D56" box="[642,946,582,609]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFD449D724EF90D56" authority="White, 1931" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[642,946,582,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFD449D724E520D56" bold="true" box="[642,793,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFCE69D724EF90D56" author="White E. I." box="[800,946,582,609]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF25FF0FFD1F9D5E4E110DB3" box="[729,858,618,644]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFD1F9D5E4E110DB3" blockId="160.[642,946,582,644]" box="[729,858,618,644]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FF25FF0FFD1F9D5E4E670DB3" box="[729,812,618,644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="161.[190,233,1789,1815]" captionTargetBox="[201,1392,1115,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@161.[190,1399,1091,1756]" captionTargetPageId="161" captionText="Fig. 60. Albula eppsi White, 1931 and Albula oweni (Owen, 1845), teeth. A–I. Albula eppsi A–C. MSC 38445.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. A. Oral view. B. Profile view. C. Aboral view. D–F. MSC 37909.1, basal Lisbon Formation. D. Oral view. E. Profile view. F. Aboral view. G–I. MSC 37541, basal Gosport Sand. G. Oral view. H. Profile view. I. Aboral view. — J–R. Albula oweni. J–L. MSC 38445.1, lower Tallahatta Formation. J. Oral view. K. Profile view. L. Aboral view. M–O. MSC 37891, “upper” Lisbon Formation. M. Oral view. N. Profile view. O. Aboral view. P–R. MSC 37699, basal Gosport Sand. P. Oral view. Q. Profile view. R. Aboral view. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660375/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
A–I
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF25FF0FFF7B9D984EDF0C3F" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9D984E6D0DF1" blockId="160.[189,806,684,710]" box="[189,806,684,710]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FF25FF0FFF7B9D984E6D0DF1" box="[189,806,684,710]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFF7B9D984F310DF1" authority="Frost in White, 1931: 83" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,634,684,710]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF7B9D984C1A0DF1" box="[189,337,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
Frost in
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FF25FF0FFE7F9D984F310DF1" author="White E. I." box="[441,634,684,710]" page="83" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" year="1931">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFE7F9D984F310DF1" author="White E. I." box="[441,634,684,710]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White, 1931: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figs 137–141.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9DDA4EDF0C3F" blockId="160.[189,916,749,777]" box="[189,916,749,777]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFF7B9DDA4C400C3F" ID-CoL="RJW" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[189,267,750,776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF7B9DDA4C400C3F" box="[189,267,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFE979DDA4F670C30" author="Maisch H. M. & Becker M. A. & Raines B. W. & Chamberlain J. A." box="[337,556,749,776]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref145747" refString="Maisch H. M., Becker M. A., Raines B. W. & Chamberlain J. A. 2016. Osteichthyans from the Tallahatta- Lisbon Formation Contact (middle Eocene- Lutetian) Pigeon Creek, Conecuh-Covington counties, Alabama with comments on Transatlantic occurrences in the Northern Atlantic Ocean basin. PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 13 (3): 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Maisch
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFE699DDA4CA10C3F" box="[431,490,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(partim): fig. 2.5–6 (non 7–8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF25FF0FFF7B9C1B4EE50CAB" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9C1B4CE10C7E" blockId="160.[189,426,815,841]" box="[189,426,815,841]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF25FF0FFF7B9C1B4CE10C7E" bold="true" box="[189,426,815,841]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF7B9C1B4CE10C7E" bold="true" box="[189,426,815,841]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9C6B4EE50CAB" blockId="160.[189,1398,862,925]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF25FF0FFF7B9C6B4F1F0C4F" box="[189,596,862,889]" name="United States of America" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFDB59C6A4FAE0C4F" bold="true" box="[627,741,862,888]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF25FF0FFDB59C6A4FAE0C4F" box="[627,741,862,888]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
• 33 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF25FF0FFB6A9C6A49A10C4F" box="[1196,1258,862,888]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37358.1–2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF25FF0FFF7B9CB64DB00CAB" box="[189,251,898,924]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37541,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF25FF0FFE9C9CB64CD30CAB" box="[346,408,898,924]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37909.1–6,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF25FF0FFDED9CB64F220CAB" box="[555,617,898,924]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38445.2–24,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF25FF0FFCCC9CB64E1E0CAB" box="[778,853,898,924]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fe4d-5yka" name="New Jersey State Museum" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">NJSM</collectionCode>
|
||
24039.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF25FF0FFF7B9CF749F10B40" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9CF74C050CEA" blockId="160.[189,334,963,989]" box="[189,334,963,989]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF25FF0FFF7B9CF74C050CEA" bold="true" box="[189,334,963,989]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF7B9CF74C050CEA" bold="true" box="[189,334,963,989]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9CC649F10B40" blockId="160.[189,1399,1010,1144]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Low-crowned teeth, circular occlusal outline; occlusal surface of unworn teeth nearly flat to convex. Crown enameloid thin, smooth, generally not reaching tooth base. Worn teeth flat, with occlusal surface often oblique to tooth height, triturating surface composed of dentine. Lateral tooth edges range from convex to parallel tapering. Tooth base flat; circular basal pulp cavity centrally located.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFF25FF0DFF7B9BAB4FF80C1A" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9BAB4C640B8E" blockId="160.[189,303,1183,1209]" box="[189,303,1183,1209]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF25FF0FFF7B9BAB4C640B8E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1183,1209]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF7B9BAB4C640B8E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1183,1209]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B9BFA4EB60933" blockId="160.[189,1399,1230,1540]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Teeth exhibiting the morphology described above have traditionally been assigned to either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFB1B9BFA4C050A3B" authority="Owen, 1845" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFB1B9BFA483D0BDF" box="[1245,1398,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula oweni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFF7B9BC54C050A3B" author="Owen R." box="[189,334,1265,1292]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="138" refId="ref148181" refString="Owen R. 1845. Odontography. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (11): 138." type="journal article" year="1845">Owen, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFEBE9BC54E5B0A3C" authority="Frost in White, 1931" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[376,784,1265,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFEBE9BC54F460A3C" box="[376,525,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
Frost in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFDBC9BC54E5B0A3C" author="White E. I." box="[634,784,1265,1291]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFCDB9BC54EF70A3C" author="White E. I." box="[797,956,1265,1291]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated these species based on tooth size, with small teeth measuring less than 2.0 mm in diameter being assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFB589A2149B70A18" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[1182,1276,1301,1327]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFB589A2149B70A18" box="[1182,1276,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larger teeth to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFEE79A0D4CC10A65" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[289,394,1337,1363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFEE79A0D4CC10A65" box="[289,394,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFE5D9A0C4F0A0A64" author="Casier E." box="[411,577,1336,1363]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref139171" refString="Casier E. 1966. Faune ichthyologique du London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1966">Casier (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, synonymized the two species and suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFAD39A0D483C0A65" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[1301,1399,1337,1363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFAD39A0D483C0A65" box="[1301,1399,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represented the juvenile morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFD5B9A684E4D0A41" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[669,774,1372,1398]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFD5B9A684E4D0A41" box="[669,774,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFCD19A684EFE0A41" author="Forey P. L." box="[791,949,1372,1398]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref141883" refString="Forey P. L. 1973. A revision of the elopiform fishes, fossil and recent. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 10: 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1973">Forey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFB249A6848080A41" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[1250,1347,1372,1398]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFB249A6848080A41" box="[1250,1347,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFF7B9AB44C6E0AAE" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[189,293,1408,1434]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF7B9AB44C6E0AAE" box="[189,293,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were distinct taxa, noting that teeth of an intermediate size between the two were unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFF7B9A974C270A8A" author="Weems R." box="[189,364,1443,1469]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="53 - 100" refId="ref153448" refString="Weems R. 1999. Actinopterygian fishes from the Fisher / Sullivan Site. In: Weems R. & Grimsley G. (eds) Early Eocene vertebrates and plants from The Fisher / Sullivan Site (Nanjemoy Formation) Stafford County, Virginia. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152: 53 - 100." type="journal article" year="1999">Weems (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came to the same conclusion based on a sample from the lower Eocene Nanjemoy Formation in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF25FF0FFE989AF24C8A0AD7" box="[350,449,1478,1504]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which included two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFD799AF24E460AD7" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[703,781,1478,1504]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFD799AF24E460AD7" box="[703,781,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tooth plates bearing small teeth, indicating to him a small adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFE809ADE4CDF0933" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[326,404,1514,1540]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFE809ADE4CDF0933" box="[326,404,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology coexisted with the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFC9C9ADE4EBD0933" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[858,1014,1514,1540]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFC9C9ADE4EBD0933" box="[858,1014,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0FFF7B991849850809" blockId="160.[189,1399,1580,1855]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFF3799184C740971" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[241,319,1580,1606]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFF3799184C740971" box="[241,319,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sample includes teeth ranging in diameter from 1.0 mm to nearly 9.0 mm. This size gradient contradicts the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFDF099644F9E095E" author="Forey P. L." box="[566,725,1615,1642]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref141883" refString="Forey P. L. 1973. A revision of the elopiform fishes, fossil and recent. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 10: 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1973">Forey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, possibly indicating that the varying sizes are related to heterodonty and/or ontogeny within a single species. However, unlike the parasphenoids of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFAEE99474C930986" authority="(Linneaus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linneaus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFAEE99474C430987" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula vulpes</emphasis>
|
||
(Linneaus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where large medial teeth are flanked by smaller teeth that gradually decrease in size towards the plate margins (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFD91998E4FB709E2" author="Clothier C. R." box="[599,764,1722,1749]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref139962" refString="Clothier C. R. 1950. A key to some southern California fishes based on vertebral characters. State of California Department of Natural Resources Division of Fish and Game Bureau of Marine Fisheries, Fish Bulletin 79: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1950">Clothier 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 22), teeth on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFC0C998E497B09E3" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[970,1072,1722,1748]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFC0C998E497B09E3" box="[970,1072,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasphenoids only slightly decrease in size across the tooth plate (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFD0E99E94E1C09CF" author="Owen R." box="[712,855,1757,1784]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="138" refId="ref148181" refString="Owen R. 1845. Odontography. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (11): 138." type="journal article" year="1845">Owen 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 47, fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFBCA99E9499E09C0" author="Woodward A. S." box="[1036,1237,1757,1783]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="357 - 359" refId="ref154354" refString="Woodward A. S. 1893. LIX. - Description of the skull of Pisodus oweni, and Albula - like fish of the Eocene period. Annals and Magazine of Natural History series 6 11: 357 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939308677540" type="journal article" year="1893">Woodward 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 17). This suggests that within fossil members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFD4998354F96082C" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[655,733,1793,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFD4998354F96082C" box="[655,733,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, monognathic heterodonty is not the determining factor with regard to tooth size, but is instead related to ontogeny and/or interspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF25FF0EFF7B98524C640E85" blockId="160.[189,1399,1894,2027]" lastBlockId="161.[189,1399,267,434]" lastPageId="161" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Irrespective of size, our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFE2498524F7B08B7" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[482,560,1894,1920]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFE2498524F7B08B7" box="[482,560,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tooth sample includes two morphologies, including those with lateral sides that taper basally towards the pulp cavity, and those with lateral edges that are straight or weakly convex. Of the teeth that exceeded 5.0 mm in diameter, all have tapered lateral edges and are consistent in size with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F0542F5FF25FF0FFE4798E54CFF08DC" box="[385,436,2001,2027]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF25FF0FFDAB98E54F9D08DC" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[621,726,2001,2027]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF25FF0FFDAB98E54F9D08DC" box="[621,726,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0FFC6E98E5490A08DC" author="Owen R." box="[936,1089,2000,2027]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="138" refId="ref148181" refString="Owen R. 1845. Odontography. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (11): 138." type="journal article" year="1845">Owen (1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 47, fig. 3) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF25FF0EFAED98E54C4D0E12" author="Casier E." lastPageId="161" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" refId="ref139171" refString="Casier E. 1966. Faune ichthyologique du London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1966">Casier (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 13, fig. 4). Thus, we assigned all teeth with tapered edges to this taxon. Of the teeth with a diameter of less than 5.0 mm, all have straight and parallel lateral edges, or the edges were biconvex. These teeth appear conspecific to those described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFCFA9E664E990E5B" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[828,978,338,364]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFCFA9E664E990E5B" box="[828,978,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFBC59E6649FE0E5B" author="Weems R." box="[1027,1205,338,364]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="53 - 100" refId="ref153448" refString="Weems R. 1999. Actinopterygian fishes from the Fisher / Sullivan Site. In: Weems R. & Grimsley G. (eds) Early Eocene vertebrates and plants from The Fisher / Sullivan Site (Nanjemoy Formation) Stafford County, Virginia. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152: 53 - 100." type="journal article" year="1999">Weems (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This difference in tooth morphology suggests that two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFCC99E414E160EB8" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[783,861,373,399]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFCC99E414E160EB8" box="[783,861,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indeed present within Claiborne strata in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF24FF0EFF7B9EAC4C600E85" box="[189,299,408,434]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF24FF0DFF7B9EED4ED00E47" blockId="161.[189,1399,473,1028]" lastBlockId="162.[189,1399,267,368]" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
|
||
Although the teeth in our sample suggest that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFCED9EEE4EC60EC4" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[811,909,474,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFCED9EEE4EC60EC4" box="[811,909,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFC0D9EEE497F0EC4" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[971,1076,474,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC0D9EEE497F0EC4" box="[971,1076,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are present, complications exist concerning the use of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFDB19EC94E470D20" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[631,780,509,535]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFDB19EC94E470D20" box="[631,780,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFCDD9EC94EF20D20" author="White E. I." box="[795,953,509,535]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally named this taxon based on numerous dental elements with teeth, an operculum, and 40 otoliths that were derived from the lower Ypresian London Clay in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF24FF0EFDE09D704F1F0D69" box="[550,596,580,606]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The dental elements and teeth were given the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFB269D77483C0D6A" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[1248,1399,579,605]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFB269D77483C0D6A" box="[1248,1399,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while the otoliths, following the convention of the time regarding otolith-based species, was assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFF7B9DBE4FAC0D93" authority="Frost in White (1931)" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,743,649,676]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Otolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi" subGenus="Albula">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFF7B9DBE4C610D93" box="[189,298,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Otolithus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFEFA9DBE4CC10D93" box="[316,394,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE5B9DBE4C900D94" box="[413,475,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
Frost in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFD809DBD4FAC0D93" author="White E. I." box="[582,743,649,676]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several years earlier,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFC329DBD49DA0D93" author="Priem M. F." box="[1012,1169,649,676]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref148939" refString="Priem M. F. 1908. Etude des poissons fossiles du Bassin parisien. Masson et Cie, Paris." type="book" year="1908">Priem (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFF7B9D994C610DF0" box="[189,298,685,711]" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Otolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFF7B9D994C610DF0" box="[189,298,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Otolithus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFEFD9D994CD50DF0" box="[315,414,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Trachini</emphasis>
|
||
?)
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE7B9D994F7F0DF0" box="[445,564,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">bellevoyei</emphasis>
|
||
based on isolated otoliths collected from Thanetian deposits in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FF24FF0EFAD99D9948380DF0" box="[1311,1395,685,711]" name="France" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFF7B9DE44C020DDD" author="Nolf D." box="[189,329,720,746]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref147755" refString="Nolf D. 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Operational directorate " Earth and History of Life " of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels." type="book" year="2013">Nolf (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently determined that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFD619DE44E770DDD" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[679,828,720,746]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD619DE44E770DDD" box="[679,828,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
otoliths were conspecific with the otolith-based
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFF7B9DC74CC50C3A" box="[189,398,755,781]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellovoyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFF7B9DC74CC50C3A" box="[189,398,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula bellovoyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rendering the otoliths of the former a junior synonym of the latter. This creates a taxonomic dilemma for several reasons. First, both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFCD69C224EE70C06" author="White E. I." box="[784,940,790,817]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFC249C2249CA0C06" author="Casier E." box="[994,1153,790,817]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref139171" refString="Casier E. 1966. Faune ichthyologique du London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1966">Casier (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFF1D9C0E4C620C63" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[219,297,826,852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFF1D9C0E4C620C63" box="[219,297,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the London Clay,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFD8B9C0E4FF90C64" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[589,690,826,852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD8B9C0E4FF90C64" box="[589,690,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFD2E9C0E4E0E0C64" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[744,837,826,852]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD2E9C0E4E0E0C64" box="[744,837,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and their differing dental morphologies support that these are indeed two unique and valid species. The otoliths from the London Clay should therefore belong to one of these two species, rather than represent a third coeval species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFB9B9CB449BC0CAD" box="[1117,1271,896,922]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellovoyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFB9B9CB449BC0CAD" box="[1117,1271,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. bellovoyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, if it could be conclusively determined that the otoliths are indeed associated with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFBAC9C9049830C8A" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[1130,1224,932,958]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFBAC9C9049830C8A" box="[1130,1224,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bony material, all should be referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFE1D9CF34F3F0CD7" box="[475,628,966,993]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellovoyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE1D9CF34F3F0CD7" box="[475,628,966,993]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. bellovoyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One the other hand, if it were determined that the otoliths belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFF1D9CDE4C0A0B34" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[219,321,1002,1028]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFF1D9CDE4C0A0B34" box="[219,321,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFE969CDE4CA20B33" box="[336,489,1002,1028]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellovoyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE969CDE4CA20B33" box="[336,489,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. bellovoyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be designated a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFC1D9CDE49090B34" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[987,1090,1002,1028]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC1D9CDE49090B34" box="[987,1090,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A. oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because this latter species was named decades earlier, in 1845. Bearing these taxonomic issues in mind, we choose to assign the small Claiborne Group teeth described above to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF27FF0DFD359E054E190E7C" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[755,850,305,331]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFD359E054E190E7C" box="[755,850,305,331]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as there is currently no definitive link between the teeth described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF27FF0DFE029E624F290E47" author="White E. I." box="[452,610,342,368]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF27FF0DFD5D9E624E7F0E47" box="[667,820,342,368]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellovoyei">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFD5D9E624E7F0E47" box="[667,820,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">A. bellovoyei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
otoliths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFF24FF0EFF7899C94EE808DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660375/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" startId="161.[190,233,1789,1815]" targetBox="[201,1392,1115,1739]" targetPageId="161">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF24FF0EFF7899C94EE808DC" blockId="161.[190,1400,1789,2027]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFF7899C94C510820" bold="true" box="[190,282,1789,1815]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 60.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFEE699C94F000820" authority="White, 1931" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[288,587,1789,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFEE699C94CF80820" box="[288,435,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFE7C99C94F000820" author="White E. I." box="[442,587,1789,1815]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref153891" refString="White E. I. 1931. The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene: Vol. 1. From the Thanet Sands to the Basement Bed of the London Clay. British Museum (Natural History), London. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800095820" type="book" year="1931">White, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFD4499C94E81082F" authority="(Owen, 1845)" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[642,970,1789,1816]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD4499C94E560820" box="[642,797,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula oweni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF24FF0EFCEA99C94E8B082F" author="Owen R." box="[812,960,1789,1816]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="138" refId="ref148181" refString="Owen R. 1845. Odontography. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 (11): 138." type="journal article" year="1845">Owen, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFBDA99C949000820" bold="true" box="[1052,1099,1789,1815]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A–I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFB9C99C949A60820" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[1114,1261,1789,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFB9C99C949A60820" box="[1114,1261,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFB3499C948600820" bold="true" box="[1266,1323,1789,1815]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF24FF0EFAFF99C9483C0820" box="[1337,1399,1789,1815]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38445.1, lower Tallahatta Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFDB598144FC3080D" bold="true" box="[627,648,1824,1850]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFCD298154E63080C" bold="true" box="[788,808,1825,1851]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC0B98144EA9080D" bold="true" box="[973,994,1824,1850]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFB4C9815498B080C" bold="true" box="[1162,1216,1825,1851]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF24FF0EFB0B98154840080C" box="[1229,1291,1825,1851]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37909.1, basal Lisbon Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE2798704CBD0869" bold="true" box="[481,502,1860,1886]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD4298704FD30869" bold="true" box="[644,664,1860,1886]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFCF998704E1A0869" bold="true" box="[831,849,1860,1886]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC3D98774967086A" bold="true" box="[1019,1068,1859,1885]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">G–I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF24FF0EFBFC987049330869" box="[1082,1144,1860,1886]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37541, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFECE98534C5408B6" bold="true" box="[264,287,1895,1921]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE7698534C8C08B6" bold="true" box="[432,455,1895,1921]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFDB598534F3508B6" bold="true" box="[627,638,1895,1921]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view. —
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC9498534ECE08B6" bold="true" box="[850,901,1895,1921]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">J–R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF24FF0EFC529853497B08B6" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[916,1072,1895,1921]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC529853497B08B6" box="[916,1072,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Albula oweni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFBF99853493B08B6" bold="true" box="[1087,1136,1895,1921]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">J–L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF24FF0EFB46985349F508B6" box="[1152,1214,1895,1921]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
38445.1, lower Tallahatta Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE0698BE4C840893" bold="true" box="[448,463,1930,1956]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD9A98BE4F380893" bold="true" box="[604,627,1930,1956]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFCDC98BE4E650893" bold="true" box="[794,814,1930,1956]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC1198BE49530893" bold="true" box="[983,1048,1930,1956]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">M–O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF24FF0EFBE098BE492F0893" box="[1062,1124,1930,1956]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37891, “upper” Lisbon Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE8E98994C2F08F0" bold="true" box="[328,356,1965,1991]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFE3198994F4708F0" bold="true" box="[503,524,1965,1991]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFD7D98994F9908F0" bold="true" box="[699,722,1965,1991]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">O</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFC4798994EFC08F0" bold="true" box="[897,951,1965,1991]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">P–R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FF24FF0EFC019899494E08F0" box="[967,1029,1965,1991]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37699, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFA989899483B08F0" bold="true" box="[1374,1392,1965,1991]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">P</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFEF998E44C1D08DD" bold="true" box="[319,342,2000,2026]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Q</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF24FF0EFDC698E54F5E08DC" bold="true" box="[512,533,2001,2027]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">R</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view. Scale bars = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF27FF0DFF7B9EAE4E910D7E" blockId="162.[189,1399,409,586]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Our reexamination of a tooth figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF27FF0DFD659EAE4EDB0E84" author="Maisch H. M. & Becker M. A. & Raines B. W. & Chamberlain J. A." box="[675,912,409,436]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref145747" refString="Maisch H. M., Becker M. A., Raines B. W. & Chamberlain J. A. 2016. Osteichthyans from the Tallahatta- Lisbon Formation Contact (middle Eocene- Lutetian) Pigeon Creek, Conecuh-Covington counties, Alabama with comments on Transatlantic occurrences in the Northern Atlantic Ocean basin. PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 13 (3): 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Maisch
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFCC49EAE4E740E83" box="[770,831,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig 2, 5–6) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF27FF0DFB829EAE49D90E83" authorityName="Gronow" authorityYear="1763" box="[1092,1170,410,436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFB829EAE49D90E83" box="[1092,1170,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Albula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (NJSM 24039) from the Tallahatta/
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF27FF0DFE609E8B4CBD0EEE" box="[422,502,447,473]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
contact at site ACh-14 shows it has convex lateral edges, and we identify it as
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFF1B9ED04C3C0EC9" box="[221,375,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF27FF0DFF1B9ED04C380EC9" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[221,371,484,510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">Albula eppsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Furthermore, several specimens identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF27FF0DFC539ED0492C0EC9" author="Case G. R." box="[917,1127,484,510]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="139 - 153" refId="ref138550" refString="Case G. R. 1994 b. Fossil fish remains from the late Paleocene Tuscahoma and early Eocene Bashi formations of Meridian, Lauderdale County, Mississippi. Part II - Teleosteans. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 230 (4 - 6): 139 - 153." type="journal article" year="1994">Case (1994b: 142</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, figs 372–375) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF27FF0DFF7B9D3E4C560D13" authorityName="Frost in White" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,285,522,548]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Albulidae" genus="Albula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Albuliformes" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eppsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFF7B9D3E4C560D13" box="[189,285,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">A. eppsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the lower Eocene Tuscahoma Sand in Lauderdale County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF27FF0DFBD89D3E49EF0D13" box="[1054,1188,522,548]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
instead belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FF27FF0DFF7B9D1B4CF20D7E" authorityName=", Weems" authorityYear="1999" box="[189,441,559,585]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Fisherichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="folmeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFF7B9D1B4CF20D7E" box="[189,441,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Fisherichthys folmeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF27FF0DFE309D044FDA0D7E" author="Weems R." box="[502,657,559,586]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="53 - 100" refId="ref153448" refString="Weems R. 1999. Actinopterygian fishes from the Fisher / Sullivan Site. In: Weems R. & Grimsley G. (eds) Early Eocene vertebrates and plants from The Fisher / Sullivan Site (Nanjemoy Formation) Stafford County, Virginia. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152: 53 - 100." type="journal article" year="1999">Weems 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FF27FF0DFD5B9D1B4E850D7E" author="Cicimurri D. J. & Knight J. L." box="[669,974,559,585]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref139546" refString="Cicimurri D. J. & Knight J. L. 2009. New record of an extinct fish, Fisherichthys folmeri Weems (Osteichthyes), from the lower Eocene of Berkeley County, South Carolina, USA. PaleoBios 29 (1): 24 - 28." type="journal article" year="2009">Cicimurri & Knight 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF27FF0DFF7B9D464E5F0DBB" blockId="162.[189,788,626,653]" box="[189,788,626,653]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFF27FF0DFF7B9D464E5F0DBB" bold="true" box="[189,788,626,653]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FF27FF0DFF7B9D464E5F0DBB" bold="true" box="[189,788,626,653]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF27FF0DFD649D464E5F0DBB" box="[674,788,626,652]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FF27FF0DFF7B9D974FF80C1A" blockId="162.[189,1399,675,814]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
|
||
The specimens in our sample were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl–1, the Tallahatta Formation at site AMo–8, the contact of the Tallahatta and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF27FF0DFC2E9DFD49720DD4" box="[1000,1081,713,739]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
formations at site ACh-14, the basal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FF27FF0DFEEA9DDA4C360C3F" box="[300,381,750,776]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACov–11, and the basal Gosport Sand at site ACl–4. Upper Ypresian to middle Bartonian, zones NP14 to NP17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |