treatments-xml/data/05/4F/DB/054FDB70FED9FEFFB49C1FC97BE42147.xml

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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States &amp; Department of Entomology &amp; Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>e 11514</mods:title>
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<mods:number>2021-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Menozzi &amp; Russo, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,1043,1492,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,739,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Menozzi C &amp; Russo G." box="[758,1033,1492,1519]" journalOrPublisher="Portici" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="148 - 173" part="24" refId="ref271932" refString="Menozzi C, Russo G. 1930. Contributo alla conoscenza della mirmecofauna della Repubblica Dominicana (Antille). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d' Agricoltura. Portici 24: 148 - 173." title="Contributo alla conoscenza della mirmecofauna della Repubblica Dominicana (Antille). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d' Agricoltura" type="journal article" year="1930">
<emphasis box="[758,1033,1492,1519]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Menozzi &amp; Russo, 1930</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="286" pageNumber="287" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="286.[498,1203,1492,1559]" box="[498,1203,1532,1559]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
Distribution: 
<figureCitation box="[657,766,1532,1558]" captionStart="Figure 133" captionStartId="258.[116,181,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[90,1541,234,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-184@258.[90,1524,234,1008]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="Figure 133 Geographical and elevational distribution of the pulchellus group. (A) Temnothorax agavicola sp. nov. (B) T. albispinus. (C) T. bahoruco sp. nov. (D) T. balaclava sp. nov. (E) T. ciferrii (F) T. flavidulus (G) T. harlequina sp. nov. (H) T. hippolytus sp. nov. (I) T. laticrus sp. nov. (J) T. magnabulla sp. nov. (K) T. pulchellus (L) T. terricola (M) T. torrei (N) T. wettereri sp. nov. (O) T. wilsoni sp. nov. Colored scale to the left of each map represents elevation in meters. Points in black represent the species named in each subfigure, while points in red represent other members of the species group. Type localities are represented by triangles; if present, types of synonyms are named; non-type localities are represented by circles. Bounding box in inset map shows location of main map. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514/fig-133" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102387/files/figure.png" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Fig. 133E</figureCitation>
; worker, gyne &amp; variability: 
<figureCitation box="[1103,1197,1532,1558]" captionStart="Figure 139" captionStartId="287.[524,589,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,830]" captionTargetId="figure-263@287.[498,1534,234,815]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="Figure 139 Temnothorax ciferrii. (A–C) Worker (CASENT0758829). (A) Full-face view. (B) Profile view. (C) Dorsal view. (D–F) Gyne (MCZENT00521295). (D) Full-face view. (E) Profile view. (F) Dorsal view. Morphological variation: (G–I) worker with dark femora (MCZENT00510533). (G) Full-face view. (H) Profile view. (I) Dorsal view. (J–L) Worker with light femora (CASENT0916003). (J) Full-face view. (K) Profile view. (L) Dorsal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514/fig-139" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102408/files/figure.png" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="286.[498,1528,1594,1900]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<treatmentCitation author="Menozzi C &amp; Russo G." box="[498,1365,1594,1621]" page="160" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" year="1930">
<taxonomicName authority="Menozzi &amp; Russo, 1930: 160" authorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1930" box="[498,1235,1595,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Macromischa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii" subGenus="Antillaemyrmex">
<emphasis box="[498,1235,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
Macromischa (Antillaemyrmex) ciferrii 
<bibRefCitation author="Menozzi C &amp; Russo G." box="[960,1292,1595,1621]" journalOrPublisher="Portici" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="148 - 173" part="24" refId="ref271932" refString="Menozzi C, Russo G. 1930. Contributo alla conoscenza della mirmecofauna della Repubblica Dominicana (Antille). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d' Agricoltura. Portici 24: 148 - 173." title="Contributo alla conoscenza della mirmecofauna della Repubblica Dominicana (Antille). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d' Agricoltura" type="journal article" year="1930">Menozzi &amp; Russo, 1930: 160</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fig. 5.
</treatmentCitation>
<typeStatus box="[1374,1466,1595,1621]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Syntype</typeStatus>
workers. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:054FDB70FED9FEFFB49C1FC97BE42147:88393CBDFED9FEC4B7301C7E7A58212A" box="[606,874,1634,1661]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Cayos Siete Hermanos" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Cayos Siete Hermanos</location>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[886,1132,1634,1660]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="286.[498,1528,1594,1900]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName authority="(Menozzi &amp; Russo)" baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,1007,1674,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Antillaemyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,768,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Antillaemyrmex ciferrii</emphasis>
(Menozzi &amp; Russo)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Wheeler WM" box="[1020,1231,1674,1701]" page="32" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler WM" box="[1020,1231,1674,1701]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 34" part="72" refId="ref273428" refString="Wheeler WM. 1931. New and little-known ants of the genera Macromischa, Creosomyrmex and Antillaemyrmex. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 72: 1 - 34." title="New and little-known ants of the genera Macromischa, Creosomyrmex and Antillaemyrmex" type="journal article" year="1931">
<emphasis box="[1020,1185,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<author box="[1020,1117,1674,1700]" fns="*" inm="true" npo="*" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Wheeler</author>
, 
<year box="[1130,1185,1674,1700]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">1931</year>
</emphasis>
: 32
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. First combination in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1920" box="[498,683,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Antillaemyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[498,683,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Antillaemyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="286.[498,1528,1594,1900]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName authority="(Menozzi &amp; Russo)" baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,961,1754,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,722,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Leptothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
(Menozzi &amp; Russo)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[974,1274,1754,1781]" page="433" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[974,1274,1754,1781]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="395 - 618" part="3" refId="ref269776" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1978. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 3: 395 - 618." title="Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1978">
<emphasis box="[974,1214,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<author box="[974,1146,1754,1780]" case="TC" fns="*" inm="true" npo="*" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Baroni Urbani</author>
, 
<year box="[1159,1214,1754,1780]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">1978</year>
</emphasis>
: 433
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. First combination in 
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" box="[498,638,1794,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[498,638,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Leptothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="286.[498,1528,1594,1900]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<taxonomicName authority="(Menozzi &amp; Russo)" baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,979,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,739,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
(Menozzi &amp; Russo)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Bolton B." box="[991,1197,1834,1860]" page="271" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton B." box="[991,1197,1834,1860]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="370" part="71" refId="ref270076" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 370." title="Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">
<emphasis box="[991,1137,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<collectingRegion box="[991,1069,1834,1860]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">
<author box="[991,1069,1834,1860]" fns="*" inm="true" npo="*" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Bolton</author>
</collectingRegion>
, 
<year box="[1082,1137,1834,1860]" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">2003</year>
</emphasis>
: 271
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. First combination in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[498,655,1873,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[498,655,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="286" pageNumber="287">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5102408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102408/files/figure.png" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" startId="287.[524,589,843,865]" targetBox="[498,1541,234,830]" targetPageId="287">
<paragraph blockId="287.[524,1516,843,982]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,859,843,865]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Figure 139 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[645,853,843,865]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[645,853,843,865]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
(A–C) Worker (CASENT0758829). (A) Full-face view. (B) Profile view. (C) Dorsal view. (D–F) Gyne (MCZENT00521295). (D) Full-face view. (E) Profile view. (F) Dorsal view. Morphological variation: (G–I) worker with dark femora (MCZENT00510533). (G) Full-face view. (H) Profile view. (I) Dorsal view. (J–L) Worker with light femora (CASENT0916003). (J) Full-face view. (K) Profile view. (L) Dorsal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514/fig-139
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="287.[498,1542,1037,1900]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,884,1037,1063]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Type material not examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3321861764" collectionCode="IEGG" country="Dominican Republic" location="Monti Cristi" municipality="Isole Los Siete Hermanos" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis box="[893,1086,1037,1063]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<typeStatus box="[893,982,1037,1063]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Syntype</typeStatus>
workers:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[1095,1411,1037,1063]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:054FDB70FED9FEFFB49C1FC97BE42147:88393CBDFED8FEC5B0E11E107B072318" country="Dominican Republic" municipality="Isole Los Siete Hermanos" name="Monti Cristi" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Monti Cristi</location>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[578,877,1077,1103]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Isole Los Siete Hermanos</collectingMunicipality>
[
<collectionCode box="[892,969,1076,1103]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gibs-1jfb" name="Universita di Bologna, Istituto di Entomologia &amp;quot;Guido Grandi&amp;quot;" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">IEGG</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="287.[498,1542,1037,1900]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,888,1116,1143]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Non-type material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3321861788" collectingDate="1992-04-14" collectionCode="UCDC" collectorName="Jimani, S. &amp; M. A. Ivie" country="Dominican Republic" elevation="45" location="Lago Limon" municipality="La Florida" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Independencia">
<collectingCountry box="[897,1213,1117,1143]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">DOMINICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[1225,1400,1117,1143]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Independencia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Independencia</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1412,1534,1117,1143]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">La Florida</collectingMunicipality>
, ESE 
<collectorName box="[553,665,1156,1183]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Jimani, S.</collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:054FDB70FED9FEFFB49C1FC97BE42147:88393CBDFED8FEC5B7CF1E987A0223C9" box="[673,816,1156,1183]" country="Dominican Republic" municipality="La Florida" name="Lago Limon" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" stateProvince="Independencia">Lago Limon</location>
, 
<quantity box="[829,890,1156,1183]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="45.0">
<elevation box="[829,890,1156,1183]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[903,1066,1156,1183]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="1992-04-14">
<collectingDate box="[903,1066,1156,1183]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="1992-04-14">14 April 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1078,1190,1156,1183]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">M.A. Ivie</collectorName>
, leaf litter (CASENT0916003) [
<collectionCode box="[505,594,1196,1223]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="Museum">UCDC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3321861621" collectingDate="2012-03-30" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="D. Lubertazzi" country="Dominican Republic" elevation="0" latitude="17.79249" location="Jaragua National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46385" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" stateProvince="Pedernales">
<collectingRegion box="[614,742,1196,1222]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Pedernales" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Pedernales</collectingRegion>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:054FDB70FED9FEFFB49C1FC97BE42147:88393CBDFED8FEC5B79D1EB07AC82391" box="[755,1018,1196,1223]" country="Dominican Republic" latitude="17.79249" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.46385" name="Jaragua National Park" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" stateProvince="Pedernales">Jaragua National Park</location>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[1030,1168,1192,1223]" degrees="17.79249" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" precision="1" value="17.79249">
17.79249 
<emphasis box="[1134,1144,1192,1210]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<superScript attach="right" box="[1134,1144,1192,1210]" fontSize="8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1176,1320,1192,1223]" degrees="71.46385" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" precision="1" value="-71.46385">
71.46385 
<emphasis box="[1280,1290,1192,1210]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<superScript attach="right" box="[1280,1290,1192,1210]" fontSize="8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
± 
<elevation box="[1354,1506,1196,1223]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<quantity box="[1354,1416,1197,1223]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
, 
<quantity box="[1430,1506,1196,1223]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<date box="[498,679,1236,1262]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="2012-03-30">
<collectingDate box="[498,679,1236,1262]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="2012-03-30">30 March 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[692,852,1236,1263]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">D. Lubertazzi</collectorName>
#DL03412:001, dry forest, litter at base of large stump, 
<specimenCount box="[498,614,1276,1302]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
(MCZENT00510533) [
<collectionCode box="[888,978,1275,1302]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">MCZC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3321861803" collectingDate="2012-04-02" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="D. Lubertazzi" country="Dominican Republic" elevation="0" latitude="18.02571" location="Jaragua National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.64732" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" stateProvince="Pedernales">
same data as previous, except: 
<geoCoordinate box="[1361,1512,1272,1303]" degrees="18.025710" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" precision="1" value="18.02571">
18.025710 
<emphasis box="[1479,1489,1272,1290]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<superScript attach="right" box="[1479,1489,1272,1290]" fontSize="8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[498,656,1311,1343]" degrees="71.647320" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" precision="1" value="-71.64732">
71.647320 
<emphasis box="[617,627,1311,1329]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<superScript attach="right" box="[617,627,1311,1329]" fontSize="8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
± 
<elevation box="[691,828,1316,1343]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<quantity box="[691,752,1316,1343]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
, 
<quantity box="[766,828,1316,1343]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="92.0">92 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<date box="[842,992,1316,1342]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="2012-04-02">
<collectingDate box="[842,992,1316,1342]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="2012-04-02">2 April 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1005,1165,1316,1343]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">D. Lubertazzi</collectorName>
#DL03498:002, dry forest, soil/litter around and under stump, 
<specimenCount box="[924,1029,1356,1382]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
(MCZENT00510534) [
<collectionCode box="[1303,1393,1355,1382]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">MCZC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3321861354" collectingDate="2014-03-27" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="D. Lubertazzi &amp; Winkler" country="Dominican Republic" elevation="0" latitude="18.07332" location="Jaragua National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.65203" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pedernales">
same data as previous, except: 
<geoCoordinate box="[734,886,1391,1422]" degrees="18.073320" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" precision="1" value="18.07332">
18.073320 
<emphasis box="[853,863,1391,1409]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<superScript attach="right" box="[853,863,1391,1409]" fontSize="8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[895,1052,1391,1422]" degrees="71.652030" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" precision="1" value="-71.65203">
71.652030 
<emphasis box="[1013,1023,1391,1409]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<superScript attach="right" box="[1013,1023,1391,1409]" fontSize="8" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
± 
<elevation box="[1087,1252,1396,1422]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<quantity box="[1087,1163,1396,1422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
, 
<quantity box="[1176,1252,1396,1422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<date box="[1266,1447,1396,1422]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="2014-03-27">
<collectingDate box="[1266,1447,1396,1422]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="2014-03-27">27 March 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[498,659,1435,1462]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">D. Lubertazzi</collectorName>
#DR03769:001, transitional forest, 
<collectorName box="[1066,1162,1436,1462]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Winkler</collectorName>
sample 29, 1 dealate gyne (MCZENT00521295) [
<collectionCode box="[764,854,1475,1502]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">MCZC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3321861772" collectingDate="1978-07-25" collectionCode="UCDC" collectorName="R. O. Schuster" country="Dominican Republic" location="12 km S Mao" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-worker="6" stateProvince="Valverde">
<collectingRegion box="[874,981,1475,1501]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Valverde" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Valverde</collectingRegion>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:054FDB70FED9FEFFB49C1FC97BE42147:88393CBDFED8FEC5B68F1FDE7DB02289" box="[993,1154,1475,1502]" country="Dominican Republic" name="12 km S Mao" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" stateProvince="Valverde">
<quantity box="[993,1068,1475,1501]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
S Mao
</location>
, 
<date box="[1167,1316,1475,1502]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="1978-07-25">
<collectingDate box="[1167,1316,1475,1502]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" value="1978-07-25">25 July 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1329,1491,1475,1501]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">R.O. Schuster</collectorName>
, 
<specimenCount box="[498,614,1515,1541]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="worker">6 workers</specimenCount>
(CASENT0758330, CASENT0758828-CASENT0758830, CASENT0758875) [
<collectionCode box="[505,595,1554,1581]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="Museum">UCDC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[530,1249,1595,1621]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="287.[498,1542,1037,1900]" box="[530,1249,1595,1621]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,755,1595,1621]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Geographic range:</emphasis>
Low elevations of Hispaniola (
<figureCitation box="[1123,1233,1595,1621]" captionStart="Figure 133" captionStartId="258.[116,181,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[90,1541,234,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-184@258.[90,1524,234,1008]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="Figure 133 Geographical and elevational distribution of the pulchellus group. (A) Temnothorax agavicola sp. nov. (B) T. albispinus. (C) T. bahoruco sp. nov. (D) T. balaclava sp. nov. (E) T. ciferrii (F) T. flavidulus (G) T. harlequina sp. nov. (H) T. hippolytus sp. nov. (I) T. laticrus sp. nov. (J) T. magnabulla sp. nov. (K) T. pulchellus (L) T. terricola (M) T. torrei (N) T. wettereri sp. nov. (O) T. wilsoni sp. nov. Colored scale to the left of each map represents elevation in meters. Points in black represent the species named in each subfigure, while points in red represent other members of the species group. Type localities are represented by triangles; if present, types of synonyms are named; non-type localities are represented by circles. Bounding box in inset map shows location of main map. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514/fig-133" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102387/files/figure.png" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Fig. 133E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="288" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="287.[498,1542,1037,1900]" lastBlockId="288.[498,1542,234,1935]" lastPageId="288" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,754,1635,1661]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Worker diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[762,1002,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[762,1002,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from all other species in the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[498,573,1675,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis box="[498,573,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade by the following character combination: head in full face view with posterior margin flat to slightly convex; antennal scapes very long, surpassing the posterior margin of the head by about two times the maximum width of the antennal scape; compound eyes relatively small, with nine to eleven ommatidia in the longest row; in profile view, dorsum of mesosoma evenly, strongly convex; pronotal declivity indistinct; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum not depressed below the level of the promesonotum; propodeum bearing standing setae dorsally; propodeal spines longer than the propodeal declivity, directed posteriorly, and weakly downcurved; hind femora weakly to moderately incrassate; petiolar node flat and elongate dorsally; transition of dorsal to posterior face of petiolar node marked by an angle; in dorsal view, apex of petiolar node narrower or slightly wider than the caudal cylinder of the petiole; postpetiole very broad: greater than or equal to 2.3 times the width of the petiole; dorsum of head smooth and shining; petiolar node with four erect setae dorsally; setae on head, mesosoma, waist segments and gaster erect, moderately long, sparse and blunt (never long and tapering); integument variously colored: either predominantly dark brown, with the antennae, pronotal neck, propodeal spines, and tarsi testaceous, mandibles and tibiae nearly white, or: femora, meso- and metacoxae light yellow in addition to the previous color scheme, or: pronotum, procoxa, petiolar node, and base of gaster in yellow in addition to the previous color scheme.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="288.[498,1542,234,1935]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,718,752,778]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">Similar species:</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[725,1175,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName box="[725,1005,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">Temnothorax flavidulus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[1017,1175,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harlequina" status="sp. nov.">T. harlequina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1183,1275,753,779]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[1287,1437,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippolytus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1287,1437,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. hippolytus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1445,1537,753,779]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[498,668,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnabulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[498,668,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. magnabulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[677,770,793,819]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[783,929,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
<emphasis box="[783,929,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. pulchellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[990,1118,792,818]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terricola">
<emphasis box="[990,1118,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. terricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The erect setae count of four on the dorsum of the petiolar node differentiates 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1031,1137,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1031,1137,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1209,1334,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terricola">
<emphasis box="[1209,1334,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. terricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[1393,1541,832,858]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippolytus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1393,1541,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. hippolytus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[498,592,872,898]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which have only two along the posterior margin. The flat relatively small compound eyes, with nine to eleven ommatidia in the longest row, and dark integument separate 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[602,710,952,978]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[602,710,952,978]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName box="[786,930,951,978]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[786,930,951,978]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has 12 ommatidia in the longest row of the compound eye and is uniformly light yellow. The presence of erect setae on the propodeum distinguishes 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[800,906,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[800,906,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[978,1122,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
<emphasis box="[978,1122,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. pulchellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The strongly convex dorsal margin of the mesosoma and angulate transition between the dorsal and posterior faces of the petiolar node distinguishes 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[816,921,1111,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[816,921,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[993,1160,1111,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnabulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[993,1160,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. magnabulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1167,1258,1111,1137]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in which the mesosoma is flatter and the petiolar node transition is evenly rounded. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1211,1452,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1211,1452,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[498,657,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harlequina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[498,657,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. harlequina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[666,757,1191,1217]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be separated most easily by the color of the integument: 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[498,657,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harlequina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[498,657,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. harlequina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[666,757,1231,1257]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a light yellow gaster, whereas the gaster of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1320,1427,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1320,1427,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always dark brown, or brown with the anterior quarter of the first gastral tergite yellowish. The structure of the clypeus may also be used to separate the two species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[1377,1536,1310,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harlequina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1377,1536,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. harlequina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[498,590,1351,1377]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has an evenly convex anterior margin of the clypeus, whereas 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1332,1440,1350,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1332,1440,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a medially flattened anterior clypeal margin. The medial two pairs of setae on the anterior clypeus margin may also be used to separate 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[1032,1191,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harlequina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1032,1191,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. harlequina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1199,1291,1430,1456]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1352,1460,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1352,1460,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,605,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,605,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the setae flanking the central pair are thickened to nearly twice the width of the central pair, whereas in 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[783,941,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harlequina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[783,941,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">T. harlequina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[950,1041,1510,1536]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
they are nearly the same width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="292" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="288.[498,1542,234,1935]" lastBlockId="289.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastPageId="289" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,1018,1549,1576]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
Worker measurements &amp; indices (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,957,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">n</emphasis>
= 9):
</emphasis>
SL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1084,1146,1549,1576]" degrees="0.405" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.405">0.405</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1146,1223,1549,1575]" degrees="0.462" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.462">–0.462</geoCoordinate>
(0.435); FRS = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1402,1464,1549,1575]" degrees="0.146" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.146">0.146</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1464,1541,1549,1575]" degrees="0.190" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.19">–0.190</geoCoordinate>
(0.172); CW = 
<geoCoordinate box="[678,740,1589,1615]" degrees="0.482" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.482">0.482</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[740,817,1589,1616]" degrees="0.548" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.548">–0.548</geoCoordinate>
(0.505); CWb = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1020,1082,1589,1615]" degrees="0.437" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.437">0.437</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1082,1159,1589,1616]" degrees="0.501" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.501">–0.501</geoCoordinate>
(0.454); PoOC = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1372,1434,1589,1615]" degrees="0.194" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.194">0.194</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1434,1511,1589,1615]" degrees="0.214" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.214">–0.214</geoCoordinate>
(0.202); CL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[665,727,1629,1656]" degrees="0.505" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.505">0.505</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[727,804,1629,1656]" degrees="0.576" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.576">–0.576</geoCoordinate>
(0.535); EL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[977,1039,1629,1656]" degrees="0.115" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.115">0.115</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1039,1116,1629,1655]" degrees="0.140" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.14">–0.140</geoCoordinate>
(0.127); EW = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1302,1364,1629,1655]" degrees="0.094" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.094">0.094</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1364,1441,1629,1655]" degrees="0.108" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.108">–0.108</geoCoordinate>
(0.102); MD = 
<geoCoordinate box="[580,642,1669,1695]" degrees="0.122" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.122">0.122</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[642,719,1669,1695]" degrees="0.139" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.139">–0.139</geoCoordinate>
(0.132); WL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[904,966,1669,1696]" degrees="0.532" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.532">0.532</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[966,1043,1669,1695]" degrees="0.630" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.63">–0.630</geoCoordinate>
(0.578); SPST = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1245,1307,1669,1695]" degrees="0.210" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.21">0.210</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1308,1385,1669,1695]" degrees="0.277" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.277">–0.277</geoCoordinate>
(0.236); MPST = 
<geoCoordinate box="[607,669,1709,1735]" degrees="0.202" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.202">0.202</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[669,746,1708,1735]" degrees="0.235" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.235">–0.235</geoCoordinate>
(0.214); PEL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[935,997,1708,1735]" degrees="0.251" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.251">0.251</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[997,1074,1709,1735]" degrees="0.297" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.297">–0.297</geoCoordinate>
(0.269); NOL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1274,1336,1709,1735]" degrees="0.133" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.133">0.133</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1336,1413,1709,1735]" degrees="0.182" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.182">–0.182</geoCoordinate>
(0.151); NOH = 
<geoCoordinate box="[598,660,1749,1775]" degrees="0.079" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.079">0.079</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[660,737,1749,1775]" degrees="0.101" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.101">–0.101</geoCoordinate>
(0.092); PEH = 
<geoCoordinate box="[933,995,1749,1775]" degrees="0.149" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.149">0.149</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[995,1072,1749,1775]" degrees="0.181" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.181">–0.181</geoCoordinate>
(0.168); PPL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1262,1324,1749,1775]" degrees="0.138" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.138">0.138</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1324,1401,1749,1775]" degrees="0.184" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.184">–0.184</geoCoordinate>
(0.156); PPH = 
<geoCoordinate box="[588,650,1788,1814]" degrees="0.179" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.179">0.179</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[650,727,1788,1814]" degrees="0.207" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.207">–0.207</geoCoordinate>
(0.196); PW = 
<geoCoordinate box="[912,974,1788,1814]" degrees="0.303" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.303">0.303</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[975,1052,1788,1814]" degrees="0.366" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.366">–0.366</geoCoordinate>
(0.332); SBPA = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1260,1322,1788,1814]" degrees="0.123" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.123">0.123</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1322,1399,1788,1815]" degrees="0.155" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.155">–0.155</geoCoordinate>
(0.138); SPTI = 
<geoCoordinate box="[590,652,1828,1854]" degrees="0.210" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.21">0.210</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[653,730,1828,1854]" degrees="0.276" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.276">–0.276</geoCoordinate>
(0.228); PEW = 
<geoCoordinate box="[932,994,1828,1854]" degrees="0.116" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.116">0.116</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[994,1071,1828,1854]" degrees="0.142" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.142">–0.142</geoCoordinate>
(0.132); PNW = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1278,1340,1828,1854]" degrees="0.111" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.111">0.111</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1340,1417,1828,1854]" degrees="0.134" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.134">–0.134</geoCoordinate>
(0.122); PPW = 
<geoCoordinate box="[590,652,1868,1894]" degrees="0.300" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.3">0.300</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[653,730,1868,1894]" degrees="0.349" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.349">–0.349</geoCoordinate>
(0.319); HFL = 
<geoCoordinate box="[917,979,1868,1894]" degrees="0.387" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.387">0.387</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[979,1056,1868,1895]" degrees="0.450" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.45">–0.450</geoCoordinate>
(0.418); HFWmax = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1306,1368,1868,1894]" degrees="0.109" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.109">0.109</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1368,1445,1868,1894]" degrees="0.132" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.132">–0.132</geoCoordinate>
(0.120); HFWmin = 
<geoCoordinate box="[645,707,1908,1934]" degrees="0.039" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.039">0.039</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[708,785,1908,1935]" degrees="0.056" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.056">–0.056</geoCoordinate>
(0.045); CS = 
<geoCoordinate box="[958,1020,1908,1934]" degrees="0.690" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.69">0.690</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1021,1098,1908,1934]" degrees="0.789" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.789">–0.789</geoCoordinate>
(0.722); ES = 
<geoCoordinate box="[1269,1331,1908,1935]" degrees="0.165" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="0.165">0.165</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1331,1408,1908,1934]" degrees="0.193" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" precision="55" value="-0.193">–0.193</geoCoordinate>
(0.178); SI = 91–104 (96); OI = 24–25 (25); CI = 82–87 (85); WLI = 122–131 (127); SBI = 28–33 (30); PSI = 39–45 (41); PWI = 229–270 (243); PLI = 146–187 (173); NI = 148–194 (164); PNWI = 83–110 (93); NLI = 48–62 (56); FI = 227–321 (268).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="289.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,775,353,380]" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">Worker description:</emphasis>
In full-face view, head subquadrate, longer than broad (CI 82–87). Mandibles weakly striate, shining, and armed with five teeth: the apical-most well developed, followed by a less developed preapical tooth and three equally developed smaller teeth. Anterior clypeal margin entire and evenly rounded. Antennal scapes very long: when fully retracted, extending past the posterior margin of the head capsule by about two times the maximum width of the scape (SI 91–104). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club of three segments, with the apical-most segment about as long as the preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae short, extending past the antennal toruli by about one and a half times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes moderately protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margin of head evenly convex, forming a continuous arc from the posterior of the head to the mandibular insertions. Posterior head margin weakly convex, rounding evenly into the lateral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="289.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
In profile view, compound eyes ovular and moderately large (OI 24–25), with 9 ommatidia in longest row. Pronotal declivity indistinct, neck and anterior face of pronotum forming a ~120 
<emphasis box="[809,819,907,925]" italics="true" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
<superScript attach="left" box="[809,819,907,925]" fontSize="8" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle. Mesosoma strongly convex from where it joins the pronotal neck to the propodeal spines. Promesonotal suture extending from the posterior margin of the procoxal insertion only to the mesothoracic spiracle, which is well developed. Metanotal groove visible as a disruption of the sculpture laterally from where it arises between the mid- and hind coxae to where it ends in the poorly developed metathoracic spiracle. Propodeal spiracle poorly developed, directed posterolaterally, and separated from the propodeal declivity by about three spiracle diameters. Propodeal spines well developed and long (PSI 39–45), about one and a quarter times the length of the propodeal declivity, tapering evenly from the base, weakly downcurved, and acute. Propodeal declivity straight and flat, angled anteriorly so that it continues the even curve of dorsal surface of the mesosoma, forming a ~100 
<emphasis box="[1067,1077,1306,1324]" italics="true" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
<superScript attach="left" box="[1067,1077,1306,1324]" fontSize="8" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle with the base of the propodeal spines. Propodeal lobes rounded and weakly developed. Metapleural gland bulla small, extending from the metacoxal insertion one quarter of the way to the propodeal spiracle. Petiole moderately long (PLI 146–187), without tubercles anterodorsally. Subpetiolar process in the form of a small, very acute tooth; ventral margin of petiole weakly concave posterior to it. Petiolar peduncle short: comprising roughly a third of the length of the petiole. Petiolar node robust: transition between peduncle and node marked by a rounded angle of ~150 
<emphasis box="[659,669,1584,1602]" italics="true" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
<superScript attach="none" box="[659,669,1584,1602]" fontSize="8" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
, resulting in a weakly concave anterior node face; anterior face forming a ~120 
<emphasis box="[576,586,1624,1642]" italics="true" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
<superScript attach="left" box="[576,586,1624,1642]" fontSize="8" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle with the dorsal face, which is long and weakly convex, nearly flat; dorsal face rounding evenly into the short posterior face, which forms a ~110 
<emphasis box="[1273,1283,1664,1682]" italics="true" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
<superScript attach="left" box="[1273,1283,1664,1682]" fontSize="8" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle with the caudal cylinder. Postpetiole evenly rounded anteriorly, flattened dorsally, and weakly lobed ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="289.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastBlockId="290.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastPageId="290" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="289" pageNumber="290">In dorsal view, humeri not well developed: evenly rounding into the rest of the mesosoma; mesothoracic spiracles not protruding past the lateral margins of the mesosoma. Metanotal groove absent: mesonotum and propodeum completely fused and converging evenly to the bases of the propodeal spines. Propodeal spines closely approximated basally, and strongly diverging apically, their apices separated from each other by a little less than their length; negative space between them “U” shaped. Petiolar peduncle with spiracles slightly protruding past the lateral margins, peduncle not noticeably constricted anterior to them. Petiolar node evenly ovate and narrowest anteriorly, slightly wider than the peduncle, and evenly grading into the caudal cylinder, which is slightly wider than the node. Postpetiole very broad (PWI 229–270) and campaniform, articulating with nearly the entire anterior margin of the gaster. Anterior margin of the postpetiole broadly convex, with the corners evenly rounding into the lateral margins, which diverge to the angulate posterior corners; posterior margin broadly concave. Metafemur weakly to strongly incrassate (FI 227–321).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="290.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">Sculpture: median clypeal carina present, extending posteriorly nearly to frontal triangle. Lateral clypeal lobes with additional, weaker carinae; ground sculpture smooth and shining. Antennal scapes shining through weak ground sculpture. Cephalic dorsum smooth and shining. Pronotal neck areolate. Mesosoma with weak rugulae on the lateral face of the pronotum, mesopleurae, metapleurae and propodeal declivity; weak areolate sculpture surrounding the metanotal groove laterally; otherwise smooth and shining. Femora smooth and shining. Petiole smooth and shining ventrally, with very weak areolate sculpture on the peduncle and the lateral surfaces of the petiolar node; the dorsal surface of the node smooth and shining. Postpetiole entirely smooth and shining, with weak areolate sculpture on the posterior quarter. Gaster smooth and shining, without spectral iridescence.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="290.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">Setae: antennal scapes and funiculi with short, adpressed pilosity. Dorsum of head, pronotum, waist segments and gaster with sparse, erect, blunt-tipped setae, the longest of which are about the length of the compound eye. The head bears ~24, mesosoma ~14, petiole 4, postpetiole ~10, and first gastral tergite ~20 setae. Short, sparse pubescence present over the entire body.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="290.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">Color: predominantly dark brown, but with the antennae, pronotal neck, propodeal spines, and tarsi testaceous; the mandibles and tibiae nearly white.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="290.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,994,1350,1376]" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">
Gyne measurements &amp; indices (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[919,935,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">n</emphasis>
= 1)
</emphasis>
: SL = 0.552; FRS = 0.246; CW = 0.729; CWb = 0.68; PoOC = 0.259; CL = 0.667; EL = 0.209; EW = 0.165; MD = 0.144; WL = 1.141; SPST = 0.311; MPST = 0.299; PEL = 0.421; NOL = 0.225; NOH = 0.152; PEH = 0.272; PPL = 0.220; PPH = 0.332; PW = 0.696; SBPA = 0.350; SPTI = 0.310; PEW = 0.194; PNW = 0.194; PPW = 0.521; HFL = 0.653; HFWmax = 0.130; HFWmin = 0.052; CS = 1.014; ES = 0.292; SI = 81; OI = 29; CI = 102; WLI = 168; SBI = 51; PSI = 27; PWI = 269; PLI = 191; NI = 148; PNWI = 100; NLI = 53; FI = 250.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="290.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastBlockId="291.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastPageId="291" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,747,1629,1655]" pageId="290" pageNumber="291">Gyne description:</emphasis>
In full-face view, head subquadrate, slightly broader than long (CI 102). Mandibles weakly striate, shining, and armed with five teeth: the apical-most well developed, followed by a less developed preapical tooth and three equally developed smaller teeth. Anterior clypeal margin flat medially. Antennal scapes long: when fully retracted, surpassing the posterior margin of the head capsule by about one and a half times the maximum width of the antennal scape (SI 81). Antennae 12-segmented; antennal club of three segments, with the apical-most segment as long as the preceding two in combination. Frontal carinae long, extending past the antennal toruli by about five times the maximum width of the antennal scape. Compound eyes moderately protruding past the lateral margins of the head capsule. Lateral margin of head evenly convex, forming a continuous arc from the posterior of the head, but narrowing as they join the mandibular insertions. Posterior head margin very slightly convex, rounding evenly into the lateral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="291.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">
In profile view, compound eyes teardrop-ovular and large (OI 29), with 16 ommatidia in the longest row. Mesoscutum rounded evenly anteriorly, covering the dorsal surface of the pronotum, and flat dorsally. Mesoscutellum on the same plane as the mesoscutum, and evenly rounded posteriorly. Posterior margin of metanotum extending slightly past the posterior margin of the mesoscutum. Propodeal spiracle poorly developed, directed posterolaterally, and separated from the propodeal declivity by about 4 spiracle diameters. Propodeal spines stout and well developed, but short (PSI 27), about half as long as the propodeal declivity, tapering evenly from the base, directed posteriorly, very slightly downcurved, and acute. Metapleural gland bulla small, extending from the metacoxal insertion a quarter of the way to the propodeal spiracle. Propodeal declivity weakly concave, forming a ~90 
<emphasis box="[776,786,827,845]" italics="true" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">
<superScript attach="left" box="[776,786,827,845]" fontSize="8" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle with the base of the propodeal spines. Propodeal lobes rounded and weakly developed. Petiole moderately long (PLI 191), without tubercles anterodorsally. Subpetiolar process a small, very acute tooth, which grades evenly into the ventral margin of the petiole posteriorly. Petiolar peduncle short: petiolar node covering most of the petiolar dorsum. Petiolar node erect: transition between peduncle and node evenly rounded, resulting in a concave anterior node face; anterior face of node forming a sharp ~90 
<emphasis box="[617,627,1067,1085]" italics="true" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">
<superScript attach="left" box="[617,627,1067,1085]" fontSize="8" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle with the dorsal face, which even rounds into the posterior margin, which forms a rounded ~100 
<emphasis box="[839,849,1106,1124]" italics="true" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">
<superScript attach="left" box="[839,849,1106,1124]" fontSize="8" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">°</superScript>
</emphasis>
angle with the caudal cylinder. Postpetiole evenly rounded anterodorsally, flattened dorsally; ventral surface weakly lobed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="291.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">In dorsal view, mesoscutum covering pronotum anteriorly, but humeri visible laterally as rounded sclerites. Propodeal spines straight and directed posteriorly, not diverging, their apices separated by about one and a half times their length. Petiolar peduncle with spiracles slightly protruding past the lateral margins. Petiolar node trapezoidal and widest anteriorly, with the anterodorsal margin slightly emarginated. Petiolar node slightly narrower than the peduncle, and evenly grading into the caudal cylinder, which is roughly the same width as the node. Postpetiole very broad (PWI 269), somewhat anteroposteriorly compressed, and campaniform, articulating with most of the anterior margin of the gaster, leaving small, angulate margins on each side exposed. Anterior margin of the postpetiole flat, with corners evenly rounding into the lateral margins, which evenly diverge to the angulate posterior corners; posterior margin medially emarginate. Metafemur moderately incrassate (FI 250).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="291.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastBlockId="292.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastPageId="292" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="291" pageNumber="292">Sculpture: median clypeal carina present, extending posteriorly from the anterior clypeal margin to the antennal toruli; flanked by two equally strong carinae. Lateral clypeal lobes with additional weaker carinae; ground sculpture smooth and shining. Antennal scapes shining through very weak, indistinct areolate ground sculpture. Cephalic dorsum predominantly shining, but with weak costulate sculpture surrounding the frontal carinae, and rugose sculpture surrounding the compound eye, extending to the mandibular insertions. Pronotal neck strongly areolate. Pronotum smooth and shining with traces of weak areolate sculpture. Katepisternum smooth and shining; anepisternum mostly smooth and shining, but with dense areolate sculpture dorsally. Propodeum with dense areolate sculpture laterally, with superimposed rugae that continue onto the ventroposterior surface; otherwise propodeum smooth and shining. Mesoscutum predominantly smooth and shining, but with weak costulae posteromedially. Mesoscutellum smooth and shining. Femora smooth and shining, with traces weak areolate sculpture. Petiolar peduncle smooth and shining anteroventrally. Lateral surfaces of petiole with areolate-rugulose sculpture; dorsal surface entirely smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining, with weak areolate sculpture on the posterior quarter, and on the lateral surfaces. Gaster smooth and shining, with very weak spectral iridescence. Surface of the first gastral sternite smooth and shining.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="292.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Setae: antennal scapes and funiculi with short, adpressed pilosity. Dorsum of head, pronotum, waist segments and gaster with sparse, erect, blunt-tipped setae, the longest of which are about a third of the width of the compound eye. Short, sparse pubescence present over the entire body.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="292.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Color: predominantly dark brown, but with the antennae, pronotal neck, propodeal spines, and tarsi testaceous; the mandibles and tibiae nearly white. Femora light brown distally, grading into light yellow proximally.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="292.[498,1542,234,1934]" box="[530,730,951,978]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,597,952,978]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Male:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="292" pageNumber="293" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="292.[498,1542,234,1934]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,668,992,1018]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Etymology:</emphasis>
Patronym, in honor of the collector of the 
<typeStatus box="[1162,1212,992,1018]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
series, R. Ciferri, Director of the 
<collectingRegion box="[544,609,1032,1058]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Moca" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Moca</collectingRegion>
National Agronomic Station.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="293" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="292.[498,1542,234,1934]" lastBlockId="293.[498,1542,1207,1552]" lastPageId="293" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[530,670,1071,1097]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Comments:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[679,920,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[679,920,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from a few geographically distinct collections. The 
<typeStatus box="[689,739,1111,1137]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
series was collected from the Los Siete Hermanos islands, a group of small, uninhabited islands off the northern coast of Hispaniola near Monte Cristi, which are dominated by mangroves and xerophytic vegetation. Two additional a series of workers and a dealate gyne were collected from Jaragua National Park in southern Hispaniola. The details of the 
<typeStatus box="[848,898,1271,1297]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
collection are not known, but the latter two were made from soil in low lying dry forest and leaf litter in mid-elevation transitional forest, respectively. The biology of this species remains unknown but is likely to be similar to other members of the ground or litter nesting, pan-Caribbean 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1231,1344,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
<emphasis box="[1231,1344,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">pulchellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. As noted by 
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[534,784,1430,1456]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="395 - 618" part="3" refId="ref269776" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1978. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 3: 395 - 618." title="Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1978">
<emphasis box="[534,784,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Baroni Urbani (1978)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, this species closely resembles 
<taxonomicName box="[1142,1285,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[1142,1285,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known only from the 
<typeStatus box="[610,660,1470,1496]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
specimens collected from Manneville, 
<collectingCountry box="[1119,1181,1470,1496]" name="Haiti" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Haiti</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[1193,1446,1470,1496]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="395 - 618" part="3" refId="ref269776" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1978. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 3: 395 - 618." title="Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1978">
<emphasis box="[1193,1446,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Baroni Urbani (1978)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
uses the conformation of the postpetiole as a character that distinguishes 
<taxonomicName box="[1309,1454,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[1309,1454,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,606,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,606,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 
<taxonomicName box="[682,827,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[682,827,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having more angulate anterior corners of the postpetiole. My observations of the 
<typeStatus box="[778,838,1590,1616]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName box="[879,1024,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[879,1024,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
offer several more distinguishing characteristics, for example the eye of 
<taxonomicName box="[945,1058,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[945,1058,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctly larger than that of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1428,1535,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1428,1535,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,739,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,739,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Temnothorax ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is part of a large complex of species endemic to the island of Hispaniola and its smaller outlying islands, including 
<taxonomicName box="[1134,1279,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[1134,1279,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[1294,1408,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1294,1408,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. wilsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1417,1510,1709,1735]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[498,640,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balaclava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[498,640,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. balaclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[649,742,1749,1775]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Prebus, 2021" authorityName="Prebus" authorityYear="2021" box="[808,948,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahoruco" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[808,948,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. bahoruco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[957,1050,1749,1775]" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, none of which have been collected in sympatry. While it is possible to distinguish 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1024,1132,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1024,1132,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from each of these taxa based on morphology, it remains to be seen whether this putative species is simply a variant of a widespread, morphologically diverse species. I have observed a couple of color variants of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[498,606,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[498,606,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which were also noted by 
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[931,1183,1908,1934]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="395 - 618" part="3" refId="ref269776" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1978. Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 3: 395 - 618." title="Materiali per una revisione dei Leptothorax neotropicali appartenenti al sottogenere Macromischa Roger, n. comb. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1978">
<emphasis box="[931,1183,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="292" pageNumber="293">Baroni Urbani (1978)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
: both have dark mesosomata, but the degree of infuscation on the legs varies (
<figureCitation box="[1068,1254,1207,1233]" captionStart="Figure 139" captionStartId="287.[524,589,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,830]" captionTargetId="figure-263@287.[498,1534,234,815]" captionTargetPageId="287" captionText="Figure 139 Temnothorax ciferrii. (A–C) Worker (CASENT0758829). (A) Full-face view. (B) Profile view. (C) Dorsal view. (D–F) Gyne (MCZENT00521295). (D) Full-face view. (E) Profile view. (F) Dorsal view. Morphological variation: (G–I) worker with dark femora (MCZENT00510533). (G) Full-face view. (H) Profile view. (I) Dorsal view. (J–L) Worker with light femora (CASENT0916003). (J) Full-face view. (K) Profile view. (L) Dorsal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514/fig-139" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102408/files/figure.png" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">Fig. 139G–139L</figureCitation>
). In the first formal morphology-based phylogenetic work including this species, 
<bibRefCitation author="Fontenla Rizo JL" box="[1216,1461,1247,1273]" journalOrPublisher="Avicennia" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="35 - 44" part="13" refId="ref270970" refString="Fontenla Rizo JL. 2000. Definition, phylogenetic relationships and morphological species groups of taxon &quot; Macromischa &quot; (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptothorax). Avicennia 13: 35 - 44." title="Definition, phylogenetic relationships and morphological species groups of taxon &quot; Macromischa &quot; (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptothorax)" type="journal article" year="2000">
<emphasis box="[1216,1461,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">Fontenla Rizo (2000)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, while not including all of the taxa in Baroni Urbani’ s 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1063,1176,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
<emphasis box="[1063,1176,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">pulchellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, corroborated these relationships to some degree, with the caveat that 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1089,1216,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terricola">
<emphasis box="[1089,1216,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">T. terricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Aguayo" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1278,1373,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torrei">
<emphasis box="[1278,1373,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">T. torrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fell outside of this group. Combined molecular and morphological analyses (Prebus, in prep.) mostly agree with Fontenla’ s analysis. The 
<typeStatus box="[910,960,1407,1433]" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1125,1232,1406,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1125,1232,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not examined in this revision, so while the original description of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Menozzi &amp; Russo" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1025,1132,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciferrii">
<emphasis box="[1025,1132,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">T. ciferrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely matches the characteristics of the more southern collections, these may be yet another, distinct member of the 
<taxonomicName box="[498,611,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidulus">
<emphasis box="[498,611,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="293" pageNumber="294">flavidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>