treatments-xml/data/21/2A/87/212A8789FF80FFABFF01F97FFBDDFCA7.xml

<document id="834681755263678FC2408593BDBE688D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197955" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3ecbc8e4-b6bb-4cf5-a126-7bfdc005820b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197955" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460283208878" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Itamar A. &amp; Haddad, Célio F. B." docDate="2010" docId="212A8789FF80FFABFF01F97FFBDDFCA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02617p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2617" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ischnocnema vizottoi Martins &amp; Haddad, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="DD13FFF1FF81FFA2FF96FFC7FFAEFF8B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ischnocnema from highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil (Terrarana, Brachycephalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698249850307" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FA812AA8FD3FA24F6C0177D0EB9CC33D">A new species of Ischnocnema from highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil (Terrarana, Brachycephalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D01537A06CB98D0B0032C1762DB52A8C">Martins, Itamar A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE3C73DB3991D9ABA8B02646AA870951">Haddad, Célio F. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A7E2A3458717A9E9B9ADBECBF8351336">2010</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="E1996514FF80FFA3FF01F97FFE0CF97F" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF80FFA3FF01F97FFE52F959" blockId="1.[151,508,1720,1780]" box="[151,508,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="F27481F3FF80FFA3FF01F97FFE52F959" bold="true" box="[151,508,1720,1746]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF80FFA3FF01F97FFE52F959" bold="true" box="[151,508,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF80FFA3FF01F97FFE39F959" ID-CoL="3Q4SS" box="[151,407,1720,1746]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF80FFA3FF01F97FFE39F959" bold="true" box="[151,407,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF80FFA3FE08F97FFE52F959" box="[414,508,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF80FFA3FF01F91DFE0CF97F" blockId="1.[151,508,1720,1780]" box="[151,418,1754,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
(
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF80FFA3FF09F91DFEA1F97F" box="[159,271,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1312,1394,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[274,1313,1394,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197956/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Figures 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF80FFA3FE8BF91DFE80F97F" box="[285,302,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[259,1334,197,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1335,197,1484]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH- 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197957/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF80FFA3FEACF91DFEE4F97F" box="[314,330,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coloration in life of males (A – F; figure A—holotype) and female (G – H) of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov., Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197958/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">3</figureCitation>
, and 4)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1996514FF80FFA0FF01F8E2FBEAFECC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF80FFA3FF01F8E2FC92F801" blockId="1.[151,1437,1829,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF80FFA3FF01F8E2FEBDF8B4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF80FFA3FF01F8E2FEA0F8B4" box="[151,270,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF80FFA3FE8AF8E2FEC4F8B4" box="[284,362,1829,1855]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">CFBH</collectionCode>
8222, adult male, collected at Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão (
<geoCoordinate id="CCB75058FF80FFA3FB52F8E2FACAF8B4" box="[1220,1380,1829,1855]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="15" value="-22.663889">22° 39`50``S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="CCB75058FF80FFA3FAE4F8E2FEB8F8EF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" precision="15" value="-45.450832">45° 27`03`` W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF80FFA3FEB4F88DFED0F8EF" box="[290,382,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540 m</quantity>
elevation), Municipality of Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="D194760FFF80FFA3FBD8F88DFB35F8EF" box="[1102,1179,1866,1892]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on 
<date id="DD3D105FFF80FFA3FB58F88DFF7FF801" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" value="2004-12-17" valueMax="2004-12-21" valueMin="2004-12-17">17–21 December 2004</date>
by I. A. Martins, A. F. L. Leite, and F. B. R. Gomes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF80FFA3FF50F852FA33F85F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1829,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF80FFA3FF50F852FE2CF824" bold="true" box="[198,386,1941,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF80FFA3FE1CF852FE79F824" box="[394,471,1941,1967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">CFBH</collectionCode>
8205–08, 8210–21, 
<specimenCount id="BF85FD16FF80FFA3FD5CF852FC87F824" box="[714,809,1941,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="adult">16 adult</specimenCount>
males, and 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF80FFA3FC21F852FBAAF824" box="[951,1028,1941,1967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">CFBH</collectionCode>
8209, adult female, collected with the 
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF80FFA3FF50F87DFE96F85F" box="[198,312,1978,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF80FFA3FED3F87DFE04F85F" box="[325,426,1978,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">CCLZU</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF80FFA3FE22F87DFE41F85F" box="[436,495,1978,2004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahcp-gp9g" name="IAM Culture Collection, Center for Cellular and Molecular Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">IAM</collectionCode>
2151, adult male collected by I. A. Martins, F. B. R. Gomes, and A. F. B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF83FFA0FF01FF5FFBEAFECC" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Junqueira, on 
<date id="DD3D105FFF83FFA0FEA8FF5FFE46FF39" box="[318,488,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="2005-03-03">3 March 2005</date>
. 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FE65FF5FFDFDFF39" box="[499,595,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">CCLZU</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FDCAFF5FFD3BFF39" box="[604,661,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahcp-gp9g" name="IAM Culture Collection, Center for Cellular and Molecular Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">IAM</collectionCode>
2161, adult male collected by I. A. Martins, F. B. R. Gomes, and T. L. P. C. Perroni, on 
<date id="DD3D105FFF83FFA0FE31FF7AFDEBFF5C" box="[423,581,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="2005-04-08">8 April 2005</date>
. 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FDC4FF7AFD1DFF5C" box="[594,691,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">CCLZU</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FD2AFF7AFD5BFF5C" box="[700,757,189,215]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahcp-gp9g" name="IAM Culture Collection, Center for Cellular and Molecular Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">IAM</collectionCode>
2149, 2159, two adult females, and 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FB3BFF7AFAA0FF5C" box="[1197,1294,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">CCLZU</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FA8EFF7AFAFFFF5C" box="[1304,1361,189,215]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahcp-gp9g" name="IAM Culture Collection, Center for Cellular and Molecular Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">IAM</collectionCode>
2158, 2160, two adult males, collected by C. F. B. Haddad, I. A. Martins, and F. B. R. Gomes, on 
<date id="DD3D105FFF83FFA0FB47FF25FF78FEA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="2005-11-11" valueMax="2005-11-14" valueMin="2005-11-11">11–14 November 2005</date>
. 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FF77FECFFEEFFEA9" box="[225,321,264,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">CCLZU</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FEDCFECFFE2DFEA9" box="[330,387,264,290]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahcp-gp9g" name="IAM Culture Collection, Center for Cellular and Molecular Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">IAM</collectionCode>
2148, 2150, two adult females, and 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FCA5FECFFC3DFEA9" box="[819,915,264,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">CCLZU</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="CF92AE5AFF83FFA0FC0AFECFFC7BFEA9" box="[924,981,264,290]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ahcp-gp9g" name="IAM Culture Collection, Center for Cellular and Molecular Research" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">IAM</collectionCode>
<date id="DD3D105FFF83FFA0FC4BFECFFBE9FEA9" box="[989,1095,264,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="2152" valueMax="2157">2152–57</date>
, six adult males collected on 
<date id="DD3D105FFF83FFA0FF01FEEAFE0FFECC" box="[151,417,301,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="2005-12-21" valueMax="2005-12-23" valueMin="2005-12-21">21–23 December 2005</date>
by I. A. Martins, F. B. R. Gomes, and A. F. B. Junqueira.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1996514FF83FFA1FF50FE95FB99FDF9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF83FFA0FF50FE95FB86FDF9" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FF50FE95FEE8FEE7" bold="true" box="[198,326,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A member of the 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FDBAFE95FCB4FEE0" box="[556,794,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FDBAFE95FCB4FEE0" box="[556,794,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Species Series. It differs from other members of the Species Series by the following combination of traits: (1) diminutive size (males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FBE1FEBFFA86FE19" box="[1143,1320,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.6 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FF6BFE5AFE02FE3C" box="[253,428,413,439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.8399999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.4">18.4–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL) (Table 1); (2) iris yellow in live specimens; (3) snout sub-elliptical in dorsal view and acuminate-rounded in lateral view; (4) vocal sac expanded externally; (5) tympanic membrane differentiated; (6) skin texture granular on the flanks and venter; (7) adhesive disks rounded; (8) calcar appendage absent or small; (9) external face of the thigh with a light line in the central area or irregular light blotches; (10) notes of the advertisement call with two harmonics; (11) note duration 38–72 ms; (12) mean dominant frequency of the advertisement call 3611± 103 Hz (3417–3763 Hz).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF83FFA0FF01FD64FD48FD50" blockId="2.[151,1436,675,731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FF01FD64FEA7FD30" bold="true" box="[151,265,675,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FE47FD63FD1DFD30" box="[465,691,676,699]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FE47FD63FD1DFD30" box="[465,691,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF83FFA0FD2CFD64FCBEFD30" box="[698,784,675,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FD2CFD64FCBEFD30" bold="true" box="[698,784,675,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF83FFA0FC88FD63FCD3FD30" box="[798,893,676,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and paratopotypes). Mean (
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB38FD61FB12FD4A" box="[1198,1212,678,705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">x</emphasis>
), standard deviation (SD), and range (in millimeters) for males and females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF83FFA0FF09FC97FA83FA19" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<table id="DB83C43FFF83005DFF01FD30FA32FA19" box="[151,1436,759,1426]" gridcols="3" gridrows="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FD30FA32FCEC" box="[151,1436,759,871]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FD30FE7FFCEC" box="[151,465,759,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Snout-vent length</th>
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FD30FC0CFCEC" box="[625,930,759,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Males (n=27) 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FDE3FCEFFD2DFCC8" box="[629,643,808,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">x</emphasis>
SD Range 15.2 0.8 13.3–16.6
</th>
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FD30FA32FCEC" box="[1046,1436,759,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Females (n= 5) 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB8CFCEFFB86FCC8" box="[1050,1064,808,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">x</emphasis>
SD Range 20.2 1.6 18.4–22.1
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FCBCFA32FC19" box="[151,1436,891,914]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FCBCFE7FFC19" box="[151,465,891,914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Head length</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FCBCFC0CFC19" box="[625,930,891,914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">5.1 0.2 4.4–5.6</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FCBCFA32FC19" box="[1046,1436,891,914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">5.9 0.3 5.7–6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FC61FA32FC6C" box="[151,1436,934,999]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FC61FE7FFC6C" box="[151,465,934,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Head width Eye diameter</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FC61FC0CFC6C" box="[625,930,934,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">5.4 0.2 4.7–5.8 1.8 0.1 1.6–2.0</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FC61FA32FC6C" box="[1046,1436,934,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">6.9 0.4 6.5–7.6 2.2 0.3 2.0–2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FC3CFA32FB99" box="[151,1436,1019,1042]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FC3CFE7FFB99" box="[151,465,1019,1042]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Inter-orbital distance</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FC3CFC0CFB99" box="[625,930,1019,1042]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1.9 0.09 1.8– 2.2</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FC3CFA32FB99" box="[1046,1436,1019,1042]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">2.3 0.1 2.1–2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FBE1FA32FBEC" box="[151,1436,1062,1127]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FBE1FE7FFBEC" box="[151,465,1062,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Eye-nostril distance Nostril-snout distance</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FBE1FC0CFBEC" box="[625,930,1062,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1.3 0.1 1.1–1.5 0.9 0.05 0.8–1.0</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FBE1FA32FBEC" box="[1046,1436,1062,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1.6 0.2 1.2 -1.8 1.1 0.1 1.04–1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FBBCFA32FB19" box="[151,1436,1147,1170]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FBBCFE7FFB19" box="[151,465,1147,1170]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Internasal distance</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FBBCFC0CFB19" box="[625,930,1147,1170]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1.4 0.09 1.2–1.6</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FBBCFA32FB19" box="[1046,1436,1147,1170]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1.8 0.1 1.7–2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FB61FA32FB6C" box="[151,1436,1190,1255]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FB61FE7FFB6C" box="[151,465,1190,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Tympanum diameter Femur length</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FB61FC0CFB6C" box="[625,930,1190,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">0.9 0.06 0.8–1.1 6.7 0.2 6.3–7.3</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FB61FA32FB6C" box="[1046,1436,1190,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">1.1 0.1 0.9–1.3 8.2 0.4 7.8–8.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FB3CFA32FA99" box="[151,1436,1275,1298]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FB3CFE7FFA99" box="[151,465,1275,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Tibia length</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FB3CFC0CFA99" box="[625,930,1275,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">6.9 0.3 6.4–8.1</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FB3CFA32FA99" box="[1046,1436,1275,1298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">8.4 0.4 7.9–9.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FAE1FA32FAEC" box="[151,1436,1318,1383]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FAE1FE7FFAEC" box="[151,465,1318,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Foot length Width of disk on third finger</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FAE1FC0CFAEC" box="[625,930,1318,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">6.6 0.2 6.2–7.5 0.5 0.04 0.5–0.6</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FAE1FA32FAEC" box="[1046,1436,1318,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">8.4 0.4 7.9–9.0 0.6 0.05 0.6–0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17B334DDFF83005DFF01FABCFA32FA19" box="[151,1436,1403,1426]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<th id="54625DA1FF83005DFF01FABCFE7FFA19" box="[151,465,1403,1426]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Width of disk on fourth toe</th>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFDE7FABCFC0CFA19" box="[625,930,1403,1426]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">0.6 0.05 0.5–0.6</td>
<td id="54625DA1FF83005DFB80FABCFA32FA19" box="[1046,1436,1403,1426]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">0.7 0.08 0.6–0.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF83FFA1FF50FA1FFB99FDF9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1496,2008]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1338]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FF50FA1FFDE3FA79" bold="true" box="[198,589,1496,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FC39FA1EFB6DFA79" box="[943,1219,1497,1522]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FC39FA1EFB6DFA79" box="[943,1219,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema sambaqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FF37FA39FEA1F99C" box="[161,271,1534,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FF37FA39FEA1F99C" box="[161,271,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF83FFA0FE81FA3AFEDBF99C" box="[279,373,1533,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FE81FA3AFEDBF99C" bold="true" box="[279,373,1533,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FE5FFA39FDDAF993" box="[457,628,1534,1560]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.6 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FCD9FA39FC54F993" box="[847,1018,1534,1560]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.8399999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.4">18.4–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FBDEFA39FB7DF99C" box="[1096,1235,1534,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FBDEFA39FB7DF99C" box="[1096,1235,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. sambaqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males 32.3–40.0 mm SVL), finger adhesive disks rounded (T-shape in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FCA6F9E4FC6CF9B7" box="[816,962,1571,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FCA6F9E4FC6CF9B7" box="[816,962,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. sambaqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), narrower head, and higher dominant frequency of advertisement call (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FD89F98EFD21F9E9" box="[543,655,1609,1634]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FD89F98EFD21F9E9" box="[543,655,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF83FFA0FD01F98FFD58F9E9" box="[663,758,1608,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FD01F98FFD58F9E9" bold="true" box="[663,758,1608,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
3417–3763 Hz, 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FC2AF98EFB27F9E8" box="[956,1161,1609,1635]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sambaqui">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FC2AF98EFBE6F9E9" box="[956,1096,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. sambaqui</emphasis>
1800
</taxonomicName>
–2050 Hz; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF83FFA0FA99F98EFEEFF903" author="Castanho" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refString="Castanho, L. M. &amp; Haddad, C. F. B. (2000) New species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Guaraquecaba, Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Copeia, 2000, 777 - 781." type="journal article" year="2000">Castanho &amp; Haddad, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FD23F9A9FC79F90C" box="[693,983,1646,1671]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manezinho">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FD23F9A9FC79F90C" box="[693,983,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema manezinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FB50F9A9FA9BF90C" box="[1222,1333,1646,1671]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB50F9A9FA9BF90C" box="[1222,1333,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF83FFA0FAABF9AAFA32F90C" box="[1341,1436,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FAABF9AAFA32F90C" bold="true" box="[1341,1436,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FF70F954FE39F926" box="[230,407,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.6 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FDEAF954FC83F926" box="[636,813,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.8399999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.4">18.4–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FC16F954FBB0F927" box="[896,1054,1683,1708]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manezinho">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FC16F954FBB0F927" box="[896,1054,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. manezinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FBE0F954FA89F926" box="[1142,1319,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.81" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="25.4" valueMax="28.1" valueMin="22.7">22.7–28.1 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FF6AF97EFE07F958" box="[252,425,1721,1747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" metricValueMax="3.4799999999999995" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="32.3" valueMax="34.8" valueMin="29.8">29.8–34.8 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF83FFA0FE6CF97EFD34F958" author="Garcia" box="[506,666,1721,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refString="Garcia, P. C. A. (1996) Nova especie de Eleutherodactylus Dumeril &amp; Bribon, 1891 do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil (Amphibia; Anura; Leptodactylidae). Biociencias, Porto Alegre, 4, 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="1996">Garcia, 1996</bibRefCitation>
), and finger adhesive disks rounded (T-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FB66F97EFA25F959" box="[1264,1419,1721,1746]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manezinho">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB66F97EFA25F959" box="[1264,1419,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. manezinho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FE6EF919FC9BF97C" box="[504,821,1758,1783]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolbodactyla">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FE6EF919FC9BF97C" box="[504,821,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema bolbodactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smoother dorsal skin, shorter snout, adhesive disks less developed, absence of bright coloration on the inguinal region (inguinal region bright orange in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FA1DF8C4FEEEF8C9" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolbodactyla">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FA1DF8C4FEEEF8C9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. bolbodactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and advertisement call formed by a single note (formed by series of 3–4 notes in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FA1FF8EEFE9EF8EC" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolbodactyla">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FA1FF8EEFE9EF8EC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. bolbodactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FD30F889FC3EF8EC" box="[678,912,1870,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FD30F889FC3EF8EC" box="[678,912,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FBEAF889FB44F8EC" box="[1148,1258,1870,1895]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FBEAF889FB44F8EC" box="[1148,1258,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF83FFA0FB64F88AFAFEF8EC" box="[1266,1360,1869,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB64F88AFAFEF8EC" bold="true" box="[1266,1360,1869,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FF01F8B4FEE7F806" box="[151,329,1907,1933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.6 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FDA7F8B4FD4DF806" box="[561,739,1907,1933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.8399999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.4">18.4–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FCA0F8B4FC30F807" box="[822,926,1907,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FCA0F8B4FC30F807" box="[822,926,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female 
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF83FFA0FB94F8B4FBDDF806" box="[1026,1139,1907,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FBEDF8B4FB67F806" box="[1147,1225,1907,1933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="32.0">32mm</quantity>
SVL) and finger adhesive disks rounded (T-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FDDFF85EFD07F839" box="[585,681,1945,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lactea">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FDDFF85EFD07F839" box="[585,681,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. lactea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FB89F85EFB59F839" box="[1055,1271,1945,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holti">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB89F85EFB59F839" box="[1055,1271,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ischnocnema holti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FF4FF879FEE2F85C" box="[217,332,1982,2007]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FF4FF879FEE2F85C" box="[217,332,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF83FFA0FEC3F87AFE18F85C" box="[341,438,1981,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FEC3F87AFE18F85C" bold="true" box="[341,438,1981,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FD98F879FD13F853" box="[526,701,1982,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.6 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FC37F879FBFFF853" box="[929,1105,1982,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.8399999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.4">18.4–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF83FFA0FB35F879FB58F85C" box="[1187,1270,1982,2007]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holti">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF83FFA0FB35F879FB58F85C" box="[1187,1270,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">I. holti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF83FFA0FB68F879FAFCF853" box="[1278,1362,1982,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF82FFA1FF01FF5FFEE6FF39" author="Cochran" box="[151,328,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Cochran, D. M. (1955) Frogs of southeastern Brazil. United States National Museum Bulletin, 206, 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1955">Cochran, 1955</bibRefCitation>
; male mean SVL 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF82FFA1FD88FF5FFD29FF39" box="[542,647,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="21.2">21.2 mm</quantity>
and female SVL 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF82FFA1FCCFFF5FFC10FF39" box="[857,958,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6mm</quantity>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF82FFA1FC5DFF5FFACFFF39" author="Targino" box="[971,1377,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Targino, M. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2008) Redescricao de Ischnocnema holti (Cochran, 1948) (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 716 - 723." type="journal article" year="2008">Targino &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and snout outline sub-elliptical from above and acuminate-rounded in profile (snout in dorsal and lateral views rounded in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FE8DFF25FEC7FF70" box="[283,361,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holti">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FE8DFF25FEC7FF70" box="[283,361,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. holti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FD4FFF25FC4CFF70" box="[729,994,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FD4FFF25FC4CFF70" box="[729,994,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Ischnocnema concolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FB5CFF25FA96FF70" box="[1226,1336,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FB5CFF25FA96FF70" box="[1226,1336,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF82FFA1FAA9FF25FA35FF77" box="[1343,1435,226,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FAA9FF25FA35FF77" bold="true" box="[1343,1435,226,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
males 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF82FFA1FF74FECFFE23FEA9" box="[226,397,264,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.495" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="14.95" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.6 mm</quantity>
SVL and females 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF82FFA1FDF1FECFFCBCFEA9" box="[615,786,264,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="1.8399999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="18.4">18.4–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FCF6FECFFC4FFEAA" box="[864,993,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FCF6FECFFC4FFEAA" box="[864,993,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. concolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males 15.0– 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF82FFA1FBE3FECFFB79FEA9" box="[1141,1239,264,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="18.4">18.4mm</quantity>
SVL; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF82FFA1FAB3FECFFEA9FECC" author="Targino" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Targino, M., Costa, P. N. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2009) Two new species of the Ischnocnema lactea species series from Itatiaia highlands, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 139 - 150." type="journal article" year="2009">
Targino 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FA11FECFFF01FECD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), by a light line or irregular light blotches on the external face of the central area of the thigh (
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FA1CFEEAFF51FEE0" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FA1CFEEAFF51FEE0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. concolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks a light line or irregular light blotches in the central area of the thigh; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF82FFA1FBE5FE95FAF0FEE7" author="Targino" box="[1139,1374,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Targino, M., Costa, P. N. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2009) Two new species of the Ischnocnema lactea species series from Itatiaia highlands, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 139 - 150." type="journal article" year="2009">
Targino 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FB42FE95FAA6FEE0" box="[1236,1288,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), and advertisement call traits [the notes in the advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FC17FEBFFC5FFE1A" box="[897,1009,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FC17FEBFFC5FFE1A" box="[897,1009,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have two harmonics; minimum and maximum fundamental frequency (H1) of 2780–3555 Hz, 3634–4097 Hz, respectively; the notes in the advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FE02FE05FDBAFE50" box="[404,532,450,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FE02FE05FDBAFE50" box="[404,532,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. concolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have three harmonics; minimum and maximum fundamental frequency (H1) of 
<date id="DD3D105FFF82FFA1FF20FE2FFE94FD89" box="[182,314,488,514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" value="2616" valueMax="2989">2616–2989</date>
Hz, 3150–3470 Hz, respectively; Martins, I.A. unpublished data]. The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FF01FDCAFE7CFDAD" box="[151,466,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopygia">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FF01FDCAFE7CFDAD" box="[151,466,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Ischnocnema melanopygia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller or absent calcar appendage (calcar appendage well developed in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FA1DFDCAFE81FDC0" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopygia">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FA1DFDCAFE81FDC0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. melanopygia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF82FFA1FEA9FDF5FD86FDC7" author="Targino" box="[319,552,562,588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Targino, M., Costa, P. N. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2009) Two new species of the Ischnocnema lactea species series from Itatiaia highlands, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 139 - 150." type="journal article" year="2009">
Targino 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FE37FDF5FE7BFDC0" box="[417,469,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) and by the absence of a black stripe on the perianal region, posterior area of tarsus, and feet (black stripe present in 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FD17FD9FFC9FFDFA" box="[641,817,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopygia">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FD17FD9FFC9FFDFA" box="[641,817,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">I. melanopygia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF82FFA1FCD6FD9FFB85FDF9" author="Targino" box="[832,1067,600,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refString="Targino, M., Costa, P. N. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2009) Two new species of the Ischnocnema lactea species series from Itatiaia highlands, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 139 - 150." type="journal article" year="2009">
Targino 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FC34FD9FFC7BFDFA" box="[930,981,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1996514FF82FFAAFF50FDBAFAF9FDAC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF82FFA1FF50FDBAFEBCFB41" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FF50FDBAFD8FFD1C" bold="true" box="[198,545,637,663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF82FFA1FE38FDBAFDB5FD1C" box="[430,539,637,663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Body robust (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF82FFA1FD5FFDBAFC82FD1C" box="[713,812,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1312,1394,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[274,1313,1394,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197956/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figure 1</figureCitation>
); snout sub-elliptical in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF82FFA1FB70FDBAFAE5FD1C" box="[1254,1355,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[259,1334,197,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1335,197,1484]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH- 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197957/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figure 2</figureCitation>
A) and acuminate-rounded in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF82FFA1FDC6FD65FD13FD37" box="[592,701,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[259,1334,197,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1335,197,1484]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH- 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197957/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B); nostrils protuberant, directed laterally; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region concave; eye large, protruding; tympanum distinct, large, diameter about 1/2 of eye diameter; small supratympanic fold extending from the back of the eye to near the arm insertion; vocal sac single, externally expanded; vocal slits present; tongue large, shallowly notched posteriorly; vomerine teeth in two small, oblique, and narrowly separated series of approximately 10 teeth each, between and behind choanae; choanae small, slightly rounded. Forearm moderately robust, arm slender; fingers long; thumb without nuptial pad; subarticular tubercles single, round; outer metacarpal tubercle cordiform, inner metacarpal tubercle elliptical; supernumerary tubercles on the palmar region (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF82FFA1FBCEFC6FFB6AFC49" box="[1112,1220,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[259,1334,197,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1335,197,1484]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH- 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197957/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C); finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; disk on the tip of 1st finger not well developed; disks on the tips of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers nearly rounded and large. Ungual flaps on the disks indented. Legs slender; foot with an elliptical inner metatarsal tubercle and a round outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles single, round; toe disks nearly elliptical; toe lengths I&lt;II&lt;III=V&lt;IV (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF82FFA1FE78FB87FDF7FBD1" box="[494,601,1088,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[259,1334,197,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[252,1335,197,1484]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH- 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197957/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figure 2</figureCitation>
D); heel with a small tubercle. Slightly rugose to rugose dorsal skin texture; scattered tubercles on dorsum and flanks; two large tubercles near the mandible articulation; one large tubercle on the shoulder; undersurfaces smooth; slightly rugose near the venter and on the ventral surfaces of the thighs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF82FFA1FF50FB12FB44FAB1" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FF50FB12FD35FB64" bold="true" box="[198,667,1237,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
Color of the 
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF82FFA1FEF3FB12FE7FFB64" box="[357,465,1237,1263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative.
</emphasis>
Dorsal surfaces brown. Vocal sac white with black punctuations. Inter-orbital mark dark brown. Elbow dark brown; dark brown marks on the forearms. Irregular light blotches on the external surface of the thigh. Two dark brown blotches on the sacrum region (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF82FFA1FBE3FAE7FB77FAB1" box="[1141,1241,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1312,1394,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[274,1313,1394,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197956/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDFC6617FF82FFA1FF01F859FB5CF83D" box="[151,1266,1950,1974]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197956/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[274,1312,1394,1925]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF82FFA1FF01F859FB5CF83D" blockId="3.[151,1266,1950,1974]" box="[151,1266,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FF01F859FEB7F83D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF82FFA1FE30F858FD27F83D" box="[422,649,1951,1974]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FE30F858FD27F83D" box="[422,649,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF82FFA1FD19F859FD4AF83D" box="[655,740,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF82FFA1FD19F859FD4AF83D" bold="true" box="[655,740,1950,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CFBH 8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDFC6617FF85FFA6FF01FA1EFE46F99A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[259,1334,197,1474]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF85FFA6FF01FA1EFE46F99A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1497,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FF01FA1EFEB7FA7A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF85FFA6FE3EFA1DFD25FA7A" box="[424,651,1498,1521]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FE3EFA1DFD25FA7A" box="[424,651,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF85FFA6FD04FA1EFD49FA7A" box="[658,743,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FD04FA1EFD49FA7A" bold="true" box="[658,743,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(CFBH-8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF85FFA6FF50F9F8FBB5F9F5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1599,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FF50F9F8FDE1F9D2" bold="true" box="[198,591,1599,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
Measurements of the 
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF85FFA6FE4AF9F8FDE4F9D2" box="[476,586,1599,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
SVL 14.50; HL 5.23; HW 5.00; ED 1.71; IOD 1.9; 
<collectingCountry id="D194760FFF85FFA6FB43F9F8FABFF9D2" box="[1237,1297,1599,1625]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">END</collectingCountry>
1.23; NSD 0.95; 
<collectingCountry id="D194760FFF85FFA6FF4CF9A3FEA0F9F5" box="[218,270,1636,1662]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">IND</collectingCountry>
1.33; TD 0.85; FL 6.75; TL 6.93; FOL 6.74; 3FD 0.55; 4TD 0.55.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF85FFA6FF50F94EFB09F822" blockId="4.[151,1437,1599,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FF50F94EFECAF928" bold="true" box="[198,356,1673,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Color in life.</emphasis>
The specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF85FFA6FDD5F94DFC95F928" box="[579,827,1674,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FDD5F94DFC95F928" box="[579,827,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF85FFA6FCD5F94EFC0FF928" box="[835,929,1673,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FCD5F94EFC0FF928" bold="true" box="[835,929,1673,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
present wide variation of dorsal coloration (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF85FFA6FF09F968FEAAF942" box="[159,260,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coloration in life of males (A – F; figure A—holotype) and female (G – H) of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov., Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197958/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). Dorsal coloration of different specimens can be green, red, black, brown, and light gray (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF85FFA6FAB1F968FA22F942" box="[1319,1420,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coloration in life of males (A – F; figure A—holotype) and female (G – H) of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov., Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197958/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). A longitudinal light line extending from the snout to the vent is present in several specimens. A white or beige inter-orbital stripe is almost always visible, with a dark stripe behind the light inter-orbital stripe. Two dark blotches can be present in the middle of dorsum in some individuals. The external face of the thigh presents a light line in the central area or irregular light blotches. The subgular region may be lightly to very dark pigmented. In several specimens it is possible to see a light ventral line, from the anterior border of the chin to the chest. The ventral regions of the thigh and tibia present light spots with dark borders.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF85FFA7FF50F873FD0CFEA9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1599,2036]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF85FFA6FF50F873FEEFF845" bold="true" box="[198,321,1972,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Variation.</emphasis>
Measurements of 
<specimenCount id="BF85FD16FF85FFA6FD88F873FD26F845" box="[542,648,1972,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="male">27 males</specimenCount>
and five females are given in Table 1. The head is generally wider than long, but in some specimens it is longer than wide. The tympanum is distinct in the majority of the specimens. The vocal sac may be well expanded externally or indistinct. The calcar appendage may be smaller or absent. A light to dark stripe is generally present in the inter-orbital region. A light vertebral line is present in the majority of the specimens (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF84FFA7FDE0FF25FD4BFF77" box="[630,741,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[199,1389,335,1952]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Coloration in life of males (A – F; figure A—holotype) and female (G – H) of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov., Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197958/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Figures 3</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF84FFA7FC88FF25FC9EFF77" box="[798,816,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,210,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsum patterns of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov., Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197959/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">4</figureCitation>
). The external face of the thigh may show a light line in the central area or irregular light blotches.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDFC6617FF84FFA7FF01F877FCF9F86C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197958/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[199,1389,335,1952]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF84FFA7FF01F877FCF9F86C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1968,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF84FFA7FF01F877FEB7F843" bold="true" box="[151,281,1968,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Coloration in life of males (A–F; figure A—holotype) and female (G–H) of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF84FFA7FBC0F876FA96F843" box="[1110,1336,1969,1992]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF84FFA7FBC0F876FA96F843" box="[1110,1336,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF84FFA7FAA9F877FA3BF843" box="[1343,1429,1968,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF84FFA7FAA9F877FA3BF843" bold="true" box="[1343,1429,1968,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDFC6617FF87FFA4FF01F865FE87F851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197959/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[155,1432,210,1921]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF87FFA4FF01F865FE87F851" blockId="6.[151,1436,1954,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF87FFA4FF01F865FEB0F831" bold="true" box="[151,286,1954,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Dorsum patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF87FFA4FD95F864FD43F831" box="[515,749,1955,1978]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF87FFA4FD95F864FD43F831" box="[515,749,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF87FFA4FD63F865FCE0F831" box="[757,846,1954,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF87FFA4FD63F865FCE0F831" bold="true" box="[757,846,1954,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDFC6617FF86FFA5FF01F852FEF5F866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197960/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[153,1435,194,1909]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF86FFA5FF01F852FEF5F866" blockId="7.[151,1436,1941,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF86FFA5FF01F852FEB7F826" bold="true" box="[151,281,1941,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF86FFA5FD86F851FD5DF826" box="[528,755,1942,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF86FFA5FD86F851FD5DF826" box="[528,755,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF86FFA5FD6CF852FCE1F826" box="[762,847,1941,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF86FFA5FD6CF852FCE1F826" bold="true" box="[762,847,1941,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A and C) Oscillogram, (B and D) sonogram, and (E) power spectrum. Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 December 2004. Air temperature 16°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF89FFAAFF50FF50FAF9FDAC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFF50FF50FECBFF3A" bold="true" box="[198,357,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Vocalization.</emphasis>
The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF89FFAAFD35FF5FFC32FF3A" box="[675,924,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFD35FF5FFC32FF3A" box="[675,924,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF89FFAAFC32FF50FBACFF3A" box="[932,1026,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFC32FF50FBACFF3A" bold="true" box="[932,1026,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is composed of simple notes, with a fairly irregular rhythm and varied intervals (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF89FFAAFD2BFF7AFC88FF5C" box="[701,806,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov.: (A and C) Oscillogram, (B and D) sonogram, and (E) power spectrum. Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 December 2004. Air temperature 16 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). The average duration of the note is 52.7 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFAB3FF7AFA9BFF5D" box="[1317,1333,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">±</emphasis>
10.2 ms (38–72 ms), with a mean repetition rate of 9.5 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFD2FFF25FD67FF70" box="[697,713,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">±</emphasis>
2.2 notes per minute. The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF89FFAAFA97FF25FF5CFEAA" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFA97FF25FF5CFEAA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF89FFAAFF6CFEC0FEF2FEAA" box="[250,348,263,289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFF6CFEC0FEF2FEAA" bold="true" box="[250,348,263,289]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has notes with two harmonics (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF89FFAAFD72FECFFCE0FEA9" box="[740,846,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov.: (A and C) Oscillogram, (B and D) sonogram, and (E) power spectrum. Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 December 2004. Air temperature 16 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
B, D). The advertisement call has sharply rising frequencies at the beginning and sharply falling frequencies at the end (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF89FFAAFC4BFEEAFBEAFECC" box="[989,1092,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov.: (A and C) Oscillogram, (B and D) sonogram, and (E) power spectrum. Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 December 2004. Air temperature 16 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). Most of the energy of these notes is concentrated in the first harmonic (fundamental frequency = H1; 
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF89FFAAFC79FE95FBFCFEE7" box="[1007,1106,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov.: (A and C) Oscillogram, (B and D) sonogram, and (E) power spectrum. Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 December 2004. Air temperature 16 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
E). The mean frequencies of the first harmonic (H1) minimum frequencies is between 3204 ± 158 (amplitude 2780–3555 Hz) and maximum frequencies 3837 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFE70FE5AFE58FE3D" box="[486,502,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">±</emphasis>
95 Hz (amplitude 3634–4097 Hz), with most energy concentrated around 3611 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFF01FE05FF09FE50" box="[151,167,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">±</emphasis>
103 Hz (amplitude 3417–3763 Hz). The second harmonic (H2) has minimum and maximum mean frequencies between 6967 ± 207 (amplitude 6585–7317HZ), 7379 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFC45FE2FFC4DFD8A" box="[979,995,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">±</emphasis>
119 Hz (amplitude 7146–7618 Hz) respectively, and most energy of the second harmonic is concentrated around 6996 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFBF3FDCAFBDBFDAD" box="[1125,1141,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">±</emphasis>
212 Hz (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF89FFAAFB77FDCAFAE6FDAC" box="[1249,1352,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Advertisement call of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov.: (A and C) Oscillogram, (B and D) sonogram, and (E) power spectrum. Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 17 December 2004. Air temperature 16 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1996514FF89FFAAFF50FDF5FDC9FC8C" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF89FFAAFF50FDF5FDC9FC8C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFF50FDF5FEC9FDC7" bold="true" box="[198,359,562,588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species has been found in Serra da Mantiqueira at the localities of Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, Municipality of Campos do Jordão, São Paulo State, (
<typeStatus id="7638883DFF89FFAAFBBBFD9FFBCCFDF9" box="[1069,1122,600,626]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
locality); Lavrinhas farm, Municipality of Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State; Municipality of São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo State; Monte Verde, Municipality of Camanducaia, Minas Gerais State; and Serra do Mar, at Parque Nacional da Serra da 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF89FFAAFE96FD0FFDA9FD69" authority="Municipality" authorityName="Municipality" box="[256,519,712,738]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Bocaina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bocaina, Municipality</taxonomicName>
of São José do Barreiro, São Paulo State. All the localities are in the Atlantic forest, above 1300 elevation (
<figureCitation id="31B82A1AFF89FFAAFE64FD2AFDF7FC8C" box="[498,601,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,847,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,829,1793]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. in the Atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil. Star = type locality, circle = localities in São Paulo State, square = locality in Minas Gerais State." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197961/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Figure 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FDFC6617FF89FFAAFF01F8D1FBE3F8C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197961/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[153,1432,847,1759]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF89FFAAFF01F8D1FBE3F8C6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1814,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFF01F8D1FEB2F8A5" bold="true" box="[151,284,1814,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF89FFAAFDDFF8D1FC81F8A6" box="[585,815,1814,1837]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFDDFF8D1FC81F8A6" box="[585,815,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF89FFAAFCA0F8D1FC23F8A5" box="[822,909,1814,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFCA0F8D1FC23F8A5" bold="true" box="[822,909,1814,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the Atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil. Star= type locality, circle= localities in São Paulo State, square= locality in Minas Gerais State.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E1996514FF89FFABFF50F8BCFDB9FE19" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="8" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF89FFAAFF50F8BCFBA8F830" blockId="8.[151,1436,1915,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF89FFAAFF50F8BCFEFDF81E" bold="true" box="[198,339,1915,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name honors Dr. Luiz Dino Vizotto, for his pioneer studies of Brazilian anurans and for his contribution to the knowledge of the Brazilian vertebrate fauna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF88FFABFF50FF50FDB9FE19" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF88FFABFF50FF50FE3EFF3A" bold="true" box="[198,400,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6E834D1CFF88FFABFE0DFF5FFD39FF3A" box="[411,663,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizottoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF88FFABFE0DFF5FFD39FF3A" box="[411,663,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Ischnocnema vizottoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80C457F6FF88FFABFD34FF50FCACFF3A" box="[674,770,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF88FFABFD34FF50FCACFF3A" bold="true" box="[674,770,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was observed in places of high altitude, from 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF88FFABFAD6FF5FFF5CFF5C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="1300.0">
<date id="DD3D105FFF88FFABFAD6FF5FFF7DFF5C" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" value="1300" valueMax="2100">1300 to 2100</date>
m
</quantity>
above sea level, inside forests, forest edges, and open fields. Males vocalize on the forest floor or perched 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF88FFABFF68FF25FE20FF77" box="[254,398,226,252]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 80 cm</quantity>
from the ground. The distance among neighboring males varied from 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF88FFABFB74FF25FACCFF77" box="[1250,1378,226,252]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="4.25" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="0.5">
0.5 to 
<specimenCount id="BF85FD16FF88FFABFAB9FF25FACCFF77" box="[1327,1378,226,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="generic">8 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. The calling season is from September to April; however, the vocalization was most intense from October to January, when gravid females were observed. Three analyzed females had from 10 to 18 oocytes with mean diameter of 2.45 ± 
<quantity id="6E7B9B7AFF88FFABFEE0FE95FE70FEE7" box="[374,478,338,364]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
(N = 27). Oocytes in different developmental stages suggest that females may lay more than one clutch per season.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1996514FF88FFABFF50FE5AFBDDFCA7" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF88FFABFF50FE5AFC87FDF9" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF88FFABFF50FE5AFE91FE3C" bold="true" box="[198,319,413,439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
The Atlantic forest is the biome with the greatest endemism in species of anurans in the world, at the same time having high diversity of species and of phylogenetic groups (
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF88FFABFBD7FE05FAABFE57" author="Duellman" box="[1089,1285,450,476]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1999) Global distribution of amphibians: patterns, conservation, and future challenges. In: Duellman, W. E. (ed.). Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: A Global Perspective. Johns Hopkin Univ. Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1999">Duellman, 1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF88FFABFA84FE05FF74FD89" author="Frost" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa´, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2006">
Frost 
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., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). This high diversity and endemism can be explained by the physical environment, a reflex of the complex geomorphologic, climatic, and phytogeographic characteristics of this formation. However, the species diversity of anurans in the Atlantic Forest of 
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is still poorly known, particularly in places with more than 
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of altitude (
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Rossa-Feres 
<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF88FFABFD05FD9FFD68FDFA" box="[659,710,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A93C369FFF88FFABFF50FDBAFBDDFCA7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">
The number of species in the genus 
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<emphasis id="9BF7EA8DFF88FFABFDFAFDBAFCA9FD1D" box="[620,775,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="64">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
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will probably increase in the next years, considering the recent descriptions of new species (
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Giaretta 
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., 2007
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="CD124B6EFF88FFABFCA2FD65FBB5FD37" author="Targino" box="[820,1051,674,700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Targino, M., Costa, P. N. &amp; Carvalho-e-Silva, S. P. (2009) Two new species of the Ischnocnema lactea species series from Itatiaia highlands, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 4, 139 - 150." type="journal article" year="2009">
Targino 
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) and mainly the large number of unnamed species that can be found in the shelves of Brazilian collections (personal observations). The use of molecular information and vocalizations, allied to morphological studies, will increase our comprehension on the evolution of this genus and certainly uncover a great diversity of cryptic species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>