324 lines
29 KiB
XML
324 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f06fa64-12e5-416c-8261-d8e1b330e8cb" ID-PMC="PMC5956031" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-756-1" ID-PubMed="29773959" ID-ZBK="83CE3672A4E14990A54C5D712D09974E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-756-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 756" ModsDocTitle="Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia" checkinTime="1525927788324" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rix, Michael G., Huey, Joel A., Cooper, Steven J. B., Austin, Andrew D. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2018" docId="E1C8968E5A0F90649A6F577594FA83E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 756: 1-121" docOrigin="ZooKeys 756" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397" docTitle="Idiosoma schoknechtorum Rix & Harvey, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0ABF532A-049D-41BB-B63F-455F657420DE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="F86B8B0DFFFA8657FFF5FFC4FFCDFFAD" masterDocTitle="Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668165771019" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Conservation systematics of the shield-backed trapdoor spiders of the nigrum-group (Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae, Idiosoma): integrative taxonomy reveals a diverse and threatened fauna from south-western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rix, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huey, Joel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cooper, Steven J. B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Austin, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>756</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>121</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.756.24397</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-756-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">83CE3672A4E14990A54C5D712D09974E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">83CE3672A4E14990A54C5D712D09974E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="143929127" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0ABF532A-049D-41BB-B63F-455F657420DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1C8968E5A0F90649A6F577594FA83E5" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0ABF532A-049D-41BB-B63F-455F657420DE" authority="Rix & Harvey" class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma schoknechtorum" order="Araneae" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">Idiosoma schoknechtorum Rix & Harvey</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="56" pageNumber="57">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 10, 25, 18, 329-338, 339-341, 342-350, 374
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma" order="Araneae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">Idiosoma</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘nigrum’">'nigrum'</normalizedToken>
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Main, 1952: 135 (in part; cited specimens from Mount Dick and Northam).
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<bibRefCitation author="Main, BY" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="402 - 473" title="Biology of aganippine trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9570402" volume="5" year="1957 b">Main 1957b</bibRefCitation>
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: 440 (in part; cited specimens from Beverley, Connolly Gully, Flint Gully, Jimperding Hill, Mount Dick, Northam, Quairading, Toodyay and E. of York).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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Holotype male. Beverley (IBRA_AVW), Western Australia, Australia,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.1">32°06'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.916664">116°55'E</geoCoordinate>
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, May 1954, H.W. Norris (WAM T139512).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">Other</pageBreakToken>
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material examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 ♀, Bakers Hill (IBRA_JAF),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.75">31°45'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.45">116°27'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 October 1966, G.H. Lowe (WAM T27116); 1 ♀, 'Connolly
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gully’">Gully'</normalizedToken>
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, 26 miles NW. of Brookton, 38 miles S. of Karragullen turnoff on Kelmscott-Brookton Road (IBRA_JAF),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.333332">32°20'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.63333">116°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 18 May 1955, B.Y. Main (WAM T144801); 1 juvenile, Cunaring Hill, 2 miles off Brookton-Kelmscott Road on track S. to Williams (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.416668">32°25'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.8">116°48'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 5 March 1959, B.Y. Main (WAM T144841); 1 ♀, Jimperding Hill, Avon Valley (IBRA_JAF),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.583334">31°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.333336">116°20'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 17 November 1952, B.Y. Main (WAM T144776); 1 ♀, same data (WAM T144777); 1 ♀, same data (WAM T144778); 1 juvenile, 32 miles S. of Karragullen turnoff on Kelmscott-Brookton Road (IBRA_JAF),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.266666">32°16'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.4">116°24'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 18 May 1955, B.Y. Main (WAM T144800); 1 ♂, Meckering (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.616667">31°37'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="117.0">117°00'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 11 May 1963, H.E. Lamont (WAM T27121); 1 ♀, Meenaar Nature Reserve, 9 km E. of Grass Valley, off Great Eastern Highway (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.63861">31°38'19"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="116.89472">116°53'41"E</geoCoordinate>
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, hand collected, under mallee in woodland, 15 July 2014, M.G. Rix, M.S. Harvey (WAM T133465DNA_Voucher_154); 1 ♀, 105 Mile Peg, Quairading Road, E. of Perth (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.016666">32°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="117.433334">117°26'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 14 January 1954, M. Littlejohn (WAM T144782); 1 ♀, Mount Dick (via Northam) (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.583334">31°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.7">116°42'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 17 June 1952, B.Y. Main (WAM T144763); 1 juvenile, same data (WAM T144803); 1 ♀, same data (WAM T144804); 1 ♀, Northam (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.65">31°39'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.666664">116°40'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 5 June 1974, D. Martin (WAM T27122); 1 ♀, same locality data, June 1952, C.G. Jessup (WAM T144772); 1 juvenile, Red Hill Road, near Jimperding, several miles W. of Toodyay (IBRA_JAF),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.583334">31°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.333336">116°20'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 21 June 1952, B.Y. Main (WAM T144771); 1 juvenile, about 6 miles W. of Toodyay on Red Hill Road (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.616667">31°37'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.4">116°24'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 17 November 1952, B.Y. Main (WAM T144774); 1 juvenile, same data (WAM T144775); 1 juvenile, same data (WAM T144809); 1 ♂, Westdale, S. side of road (IBRA_JAF),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.316666">32°19'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.61667">116°37'E</geoCoordinate>
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, pitfall trap, 20 July 1969, B.Y. Main (WAM T139513); 1 ♀, Wongamine Nature Reserve (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.483334">31°29'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.566666">116°34'E</geoCoordinate>
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, September 1990, B.Y. Main (WAM T144845); 1 ♀, York (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.883333">31°53'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="116.76667">116°46'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 3 May 1971, P.A. Cray (WAM T27124); 1 ♀, same data except 1 January 1974, N. Giles (WAM T27125); 1 ♀, 4.2 km SW. of York (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-31.9175">31°55'03"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="116.74166">116°44'30"E</geoCoordinate>
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, dug from burrow, 17 May 2016, D. Schoknecht (WAM T140765DNA_Voucher_NCB_004); 1 juvenile, 18 miles E. of York (IBRA_AVW),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.866667">31°52'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="117.1">117°06'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 6 March 1955, B.Y. Main (WAM T144826).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">The specific epithet is named in honour of Daniel and Noel Schoknecht, for collecting an important (and sequenceable) female specimen of this species on their property SW. of York.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma schoknechtorum" order="Araneae" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">Idiosoma schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
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is one of seven highly autapomorphic species in the polyphyletic 'sigillate
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<normalizedToken originalValue="complex’">complex'</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 25); members of this complex can be distinguished from all other species in the nigrum-group from south-western Australia (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. formosum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="formosum">I. formosum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. gardneri" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="gardneri">I. gardneri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. gutharuka" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="gutharuka">I. gutharuka</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. incomptum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="incomptum">I. incomptum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. intermedium" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="intermedium">I. intermedium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. jarrah" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="jarrah">I. jarrah</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. mcclementsorum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mcclementsorum">I. mcclementsorum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. mcnamarai" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="mcnamarai">I. mcnamarai</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. sigillatum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="sigillatum">I. sigillatum</taxonomicName>
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) by the presence of well-defined lateral sclerotic strips on the male abdomen (e.g., Figs 32, 63, 256), and by the very heavily sclerotised, leathery,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘shield-like’">'shield-like'</normalizedToken>
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morphology of the female abdomen (e.g., Figs 1-3,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">9</pageBreakToken>
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-12, 52, 74, 96). Males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. schoknechtorum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">I. schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
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can be further distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. arenaceum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="arenaceum">I. arenaceum</taxonomicName>
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by the shape of the SP4 sclerites, which are not elongate-oval (Fig. 335; cf. Fig. 63); from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kwongan" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="kwongan">I. kwongan</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of semi-circular lateral indentations adjacent to the SP4 sclerites (Fig. 335; cf. Fig. 278, Key pane 13.1); from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. clypeatum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="clypeatum">I. clypeatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kopejtkaorum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="kopejtkaorum">I. kopejtkaorum</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a prominent sub-distal embolic apophysis (Key pane 14.1; cf. Key panes 14.2, 14.3); and from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nigrum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nigrum">I. nigrum</taxonomicName>
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by the more heavily setose morphology of the dorsal abdomen (Fig. 330; cf. Fig. 27), and by the shape of the SP4 sclerites, which are circular or oval (Fig. 335; cf. Fig. 32). By our assessment, males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. schoknechtorum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">I. schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
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are morphologically indistinguishable from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dandaragan" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="dandaragan">I. dandaragan</taxonomicName>
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; molecular data (Fig. 25) or geographic distribution (Fig. 374) are required for accurate identification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Females can be distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. arenaceum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="arenaceum">I. arenaceum</taxonomicName>
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by the shape of the SP4 sclerites, which are not elongate-oval (Fig. 343, Key pane 23.3; cf. Fig. 74, Key pane 21.1); from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. clypeatum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="clypeatum">I. clypeatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kopejtkaorum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="kopejtkaorum">I. kopejtkaorum</taxonomicName>
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by the size of the SP4 sclerites, which are greater than half the size of the SP3 sclerites (Fig. 343, Key pane 23.3; cf. Figs 96, 267, Key panes 22.1, 22.2); and from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nigrum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="nigrum">I. nigrum</taxonomicName>
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by the shape of the SP4 sclerites, which are circular or broadly oval (Fig. 343, Key pane 23.3; cf. Figs 43, 52, Key pane 23.1), and by the presence of well-defined SP5 sclerites (Fig. 343, Key pane 23.3; cf. Figs 43, 52, Key pane 23.1) [NB. females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. kwongan" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="kwongan">I. kwongan</taxonomicName>
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are unknown]. By our assessment, females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. schoknechtorum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">I. schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
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are morphologically indistinguishable from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dandaragan" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="dandaragan">I. dandaragan</taxonomicName>
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; molecular data (Fig. 25) or geographic distribution (Fig. 374) are required for accurate identification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
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This species can also be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. corrugatum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="corrugatum">I. corrugatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia) by the shape of the prolateral clasping spurs on the male tibia I, which are oriented longitudinally (Fig. 337; cf. Fig. 109), and by the shape of the female eye group, which is broadly trapezoidal (Fig. 345; cf. Fig. 117).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Description (male holotype).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Total length 20.6. Carapace 8.6 long, 6.4 wide. Abdomen 9.3 long, 6.7 wide. Carapace (Fig. 329) tan, with darker ocular region; lateral margins with uniformly spaced fringe of porrect black setae; fovea procurved. Eye group (Fig. 332) trapezoidal (anterior eye row strongly procurved), 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE/ALE–ALE">PLE-PLE/ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
ratio 2.1; ALE almost contiguous; AME separated by less than their own diameter; PME separated by 3.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their own diameter; PME and PLE separated by slightly more than diameter of PME, PME positioned in line with level of PLE. Maxillae with field of small cuspules confined to inner corner; labium without cuspules. Abdomen (Figs 330, 335) broadly oval, beige-brown in dorsal view with lateral sclerotic strips, dorso-lateral corrugations, and scattered dorsal sclerotic spots. Dorsal surface of abdomen (Fig. 330) more heavily setose anteriorly, with assortment of stiff, porrect black setae, each with slightly raised, dark brown sclerotic base. Posterior abdomen strongly sigillate (Figs 330, 335); SP2 sclerites irregular, comma-shaped spots; SP3 sclerites very large and circular; SP4 sclerites broadly oval; SP5 obscured. Legs (Figs 336-338) variable shades of tan, with light scopulae on tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
; distal tibia I with pair of large prolateral clasping spurs oriented longitudinally. Leg I: femur 7.7; patella 3.9; tibia 5.2; metatarsus 5.5; tarsus 3.4; total 25.6. Leg I
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="femur–tarsus">femur-tarsus</normalizedToken>
|
||
/carapace length ratio 3.0. Pedipalpal tibia (Figs 339-341) 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; RTA
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">burr-like</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, with conical basal protuberance and field of retroventral spinules; digital process porrect, unmodified. Cymbium (Figs 339-341) setose, with field of spinules disto-dorsally. Embolus (Figs 339-341) broadly twisted and sharply tapering distally, with prominent longitudinal flange and triangular (sub-distal) embolic apophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description (female WAM T140765).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Total length 25.8. Carapace 10.4 long, 7.5 wide. Abdomen 12.2 long, 12.1 wide. Carapace (Fig. 342) dark tan, with darker ocular region; fovea procurved. Eye group (Fig. 345) trapezoidal (anterior eye row strongly procurved), 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE/ALE–ALE">PLE-PLE/ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
ratio 2.4; ALE almost contiguous; AME separated by approximately their own diameter; PME separated by 2.75
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their own diameter; PME and PLE separated by more than diameter of PME, PME positioned in line with level of PLE. Maxillae with field of cuspules confined to inner corner (Fig. 347); labium without cuspules. Abdomen (Figs 343, 346) dark brown-black, corrugate and highly sclerotised, with leathery appearance typical of those species in the 'sigillate
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="complex’">complex'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(see Fig. 25). Posterior face of abdomen (Fig. 346, Key pane 23.3) with truncate
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘shield-like’">'shield-like'</normalizedToken>
|
||
morphology; SP3 sclerites very large and circular; SP4 sclerites broadly oval; SP5 sclerites small and oval. Legs (Figs 348-349) variable shades of dark tan; scopulae present on tarsi and metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
; tibia I with one stout pro-distal macroseta and row of five longer retroventral macrosetae; metatarsus I with eight stout macrosetae; tarsus I with distal cluster of short macrosetae. Leg I: femur 6.3; patella 4.0; tibia 3.9; metatarsus 3.1; tarsus 2.3; total 19.6. Leg I
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="femur–tarsus">femur-tarsus</normalizedToken>
|
||
/carapace length ratio 1.9. Pedipalp dark tan, spinose on tibia and tarsus, with thick tarsal scopula. Genitalia (Fig. 350) with pair of short, subtriangular spermathecae, each bearing dense field of glandular vesicles distally, and more sparsely distributed glandular field sub-distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Distribution and remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma schoknechtorum" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">Idiosoma schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly known by WAM identification code
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘MYG518’">'MYG518'</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (Fig. 10), a 'sigillate
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="complex’">complex'</normalizedToken>
|
||
member of the diverse sigillatum-clade (Fig. 25), is a recently recognised species with a restricted distribution in the central-western Wheatbelt and north-eastern Jarrah Forest bioregion of south-western Western Australia (east of Perth) (Fig. 374). Long confused with its closely related sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nigrum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="nigrum">I. nigrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. schoknechtorum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">I. schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends from near Toodyay, the Wongamine Nature Reserve and Meckering in the north, south to near Jarrahdale and Westdale, and east to near Quairading. Within this range it is the only species with a highly sigillate (sclerotised) abdominal morphology, although the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nigrum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="nigrum">I. nigrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely approaches that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. schoknechtorum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">I. schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
north of Meckering and Wongamine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. nigrum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="nigrum">I. nigrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. dandaragan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="dandaragan">I. dandaragan</taxonomicName>
|
||
in most respects, and burrows are adorned with a typical
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘moustache-like’">'moustache-like'</normalizedToken>
|
||
arrangement of twig-lines (Fig. 18). At some localities (e.g., Grass Valley) it may be locally common, although little is known of its biology, and surprisingly few specimens have been collected despite its proximity to Perth. Males have been collected wandering in search of females in May and July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="conservation assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Idiopidae" genus="Idiosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Idiosoma schoknechtorum" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoknechtorum">Idiosoma schoknechtorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a known extent of occurrence (EOO) of nearly 5,500 km2 [5,296 km2]. The area of occupancy within that range is difficult to estimate given the distributional division between the Jarrah Forest
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">bioregion</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and the more heavily cleared Wheatbelt bioregion, but is certainly less than 2,000 km2. Given: (i) this geographic range; (ii) the sampling effort that has occurred in surrounding areas as a result of a major biotic survey (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Keighery, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 6" title="State Salinity Strategy biological survey of the Western Australian wheatbelt: background." url="https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.67.2004.001-006" volume="67" year="2004">Keighery 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a long history of incidental collecting; (iii) the occurrence of the species at a number of severely fragmented sites; and (iv) the continuing decline in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat in the western Wheatbelt agricultural zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Laurance, WF" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1472 - 1480" title="The ten Australian ecosystems most vulnerable to tipping points." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.016" volume="144" year="2011">Laurance et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species is considered Vulnerable (B1ab[iii] + B2ab[iii]). Further close assessment under both Criteria A and B is warranted in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |