treatments-xml/data/52/2E/53/522E53059D376422FEBAFBC2FB74FA78.xml

<document id="63DA09CED68FB19187DE5FC23AEE2419" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157955" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5653567b-e8ca-432d-ac71-bc6f53e0bc39" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157955" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461011938070" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Craig, Douglas A." docDate="2004" docId="522E53059D376422FEBAFBC2FB74FA78" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00450.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 450" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Simulium (Inseliellum) sublonckei Craig, 2004, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="AE172B7D9D32642BFFB2FFD6FFDCFFF3" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698567575690" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1B48D3A897FAB79F9435A2CD92A5A422">Three new species of Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Polynesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D886BC832A3969297FF2BE3D59BAAA7">Craig, Douglas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="148915F95F321A31521CE58C411465F3">2004</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="929DB1989D37642EFEBAFBC2FE07FBA2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFEBAFBC2FD2AFBDD" blockId="5.[264,758,1044,1105]" box="[264,758,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="8170557F9D37642EFEBAFBC2FD2AFBDD" bold="true" box="[264,758,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFEBAFBC2FD2AFBDD" bold="true" box="[264,758,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D37642EFEBAFBC2FD70FBDD" ID-CoL="8DXRS" box="[264,684,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Inseliellum">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFEBAFBC2FEA3FBDD" bold="true" box="[264,383,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFE22FBC2FDC5FBDD" bold="true" box="[400,537,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Inseliellum</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFD98FBC2FD70FBDD" bold="true" box="[554,684,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F3C0837A9D37642EFD06FBC2FD2AFBDD" box="[692,758,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFEBAFBE1FE07FBA2" blockId="5.[264,758,1044,1105]" box="[264,475,1079,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D37642EFEBAFBE1FE5AFBA2" box="[264,390,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 7–12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D37642EFE20FBE1FE6DFBA2" box="[402,433,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[245,1343,489,1798]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Larval heads. 13. Simulium lonckei (last instar). 14. S. joyae (penultimate instar). 15. S. sublonckei (last instar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168914/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D37642EFE0CFBE1FE07FBA2" box="[446,475,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStartId="15.[264,382,776,800]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,313,765]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[247,1340,312,769]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 29. Type localities. 27. Simulium adelaideae. Above Lac Vaihiria on cross­Tahiti road. Larva collected in densely­shaded portion of stream in background. 28. S. sublonckei. Second cascade on road to Maroto River barrage, Vaitamanu Valley, Papenoo River catchment. 29. S. englundi. Unnamed stream, Mohotani Island, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands. Photograph courtesy of R. Englund." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D37642EFEBAFB51FCACFA4A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFEBAFB51FE94FB53" blockId="5.[264,1325,1159,1465]" box="[264,328,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="053C5CB19D37642EFEBAFB51FE94FB53" box="[264,328,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFEBAFB51FE94FB53" box="[264,328,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Types</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFE8AFB79FE79FB3A" blockId="5.[264,1325,1159,1465]" box="[312,421,1199,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="053C5CB19D37642EFE8AFB79FE79FB3A" box="[312,421,1199,1225]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFE8AFB00FC69FAB2" blockId="5.[264,1325,1159,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFE8AFB00FE58FB03" bold="true" box="[312,388,1238,1264]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Larva</emphasis>
: Last instar: in alcohol. Label data: &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D37642EFCF8FB01FC64FB03" box="[842,952,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFCF8FB01FC64FB03" box="[842,952,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFC7EFB01FC0AFB03" box="[972,982,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D37642EFC58FB01FB67FB02" authority="Craig." authorityName="Craig." box="[1002,1211,1239,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFC58FB01FBBBFB03" box="[1002,1127,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sublonckei</emphasis>
Craig.
</taxonomicName>
TAHITI, Vaitamanu Valley, 2nd cascade, alt. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D37642EFD00FB29FCD8FAEA" box="[690,772,1279,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D37642EFD00FB29FCDCFAEA" box="[690,768,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="325.0">325 m</quantity>
.
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<geoCoordinate id="BFB384D49D37642EFCBEFB29FC46FAEA" box="[780,922,1279,1305]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="9" value="-17.625166">S17° 37.51’</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BFB384D49D37642EFC10FB29FB91FAEA" box="[930,1101,1279,1305]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="9" value="-149.43666">W149° 26.20’</geoCoordinate>
. 
<date id="AE39C4D39D37642EFBD3FB29FB3BFAEA" box="[1121,1255,1279,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-11-12">12­xi­2000</date>
. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig. 
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#16525&quot; (BPBM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFE8AFA99FE76FA9A" blockId="5.[264,1325,1159,1465]" box="[312,426,1359,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="053C5CB19D37642EFE8AFA99FE76FA9A" box="[312,426,1359,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFE8AFAA0FCACFA4A" blockId="5.[264,1325,1159,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFE8AFAA0FE4DFA63" bold="true" box="[312,401,1398,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Larvae</emphasis>
: Penultimate instars in alcohol. Label data as for 
<typeStatus id="053C5CB19D37642EFB8EFAA1FB70FA62" box="[1084,1196,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, but with “ 
<typeStatus id="053C5CB19D37642EFEA3FA49FE75FA4A" box="[273,425,1439,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
” (larvae. CNCI, BPBM, DAC, ROM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D37642EFEBAFA39FB84F922" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFEBAFA39FEA3F9FB" blockId="5.[264,1324,1519,1745]" box="[264,383,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFEBAFA39FEA3F9FB" box="[264,383,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFE8AF9C0FB84F922" blockId="5.[264,1324,1519,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFE8AF9C0FE58F9C3" bold="true" box="[312,388,1558,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Larva</emphasis>
: body densely covered dorsally with dark brown, ovoid tubercles, with sharp delimitation laterally and pale median line on thorax; head markedly convex posteriorly, not markedly narrowed anteriorly; setae numerous, sockets raised; stemmata distinctly bulged laterally; labral fan stems well developed; 23 substantial labral fan rays; posteroventral arms of anal sclerite extended laterally to form wing­like lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D37642CFEBAF8D1FDDAF975" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642EFEBAF8D1FE4EF8D3" blockId="5.[264,625,1799,1905]" box="[264,402,1799,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFEBAF8D1FE4EF8D3" box="[264,402,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D37642CFE8AF8F8FDDAF975" blockId="5.[264,625,1799,1905]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1325,283,1670]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFE8AF8F8FE3EF8BB" bold="true" box="[312,482,1838,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Adult Female</emphasis>
(Unknown) 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D37642EFE8AF880FE0BF883" bold="true" box="[312,471,1878,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Adult Male (</emphasis>
Unknown) 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D35642CFE8AFECDFE58FEC6" bold="true" box="[312,388,283,309]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Larva</emphasis>
(based on six last instar larvae). Body: total length 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFC4DFECAFB4EFEC5" box="[1023,1170,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="7.6" valueMin="6.5">6.5–7.6 mm</quantity>
; colour dark brown dorsally, sharply delimited laterally, pale ventrally; pale median line on thorax. Head (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFEEBFEBAFE68FE75" box="[345,436,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[245,1343,489,1798]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Larval heads. 13. Simulium lonckei (last instar). 14. S. joyae (penultimate instar). 15. S. sublonckei (last instar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168914/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
): width 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFDA9FEBAFD10FE75" box="[539,716,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="8.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.895" valueMax="0.93" valueMin="0.86">0.86–0.93 mm</quantity>
, length 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFC9CFEBAFC3CFE75" box="[814,992,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="8.299999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.88" valueMax="0.93" valueMin="0.83">0.83–0.93 mm</quantity>
; distance between fan­stem bases 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFEE0FE42FE1CFE5D" box="[338,448,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
; colour evenly dark brown; head­spot pattern not obvious; frontoclypeal apotome narrowed posteriorly; head margins highly convex posteriorly, narrowed anteriorly, but not markedly; cervical sclerites fused to postocciput, but not to cephalic apotome; cuticle corrugated and slightly rugose; setae numerous, length normal, distinct dark raised sockets (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFEDDFDE2FE64FDBD" box="[367,440,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Antenna: evenly dark brown; 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFC8FFDE2FC7BFDBD" box="[829,935,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
long; basal article curved, distal article 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFEEFFD8AFE16FD85" box="[349,458,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
long, extended just beyond apex of labral­fan stem. Labral fan: stem brown and markedly hairy; 23 rays, 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFD03FD52FCD7FD6D" box="[689,779,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
in length, brown, 2–3 posterolateral rays finer than others, medial rays 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFD97FD7AFD51FD35" box="[549,653,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
in width, microtrichia of medial rays 0.8 times ray width, pattern of longer microtrichia with 14–15 smaller ones, decreased abruptly in length to next long one, pattern very distinct, apex of ray markedly extended. Postgenal cleft (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFB49FD2AFEC5FCCD" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): markedly U­shaped, 0.6 times deep as wide; postgenal bridge 1.2 times longer than cleft depth. Hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFD87FC9AFDA3FC95" box="[565,639,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
): 15 teeth, median tooth subequal in length to other teeth; adjacent sublateral teeth smaller; other sublateral teeth peg­like, subequal in length, apices forming curved line laterally; lateral teeth not distinct; 1 paralateral tooth; 2 lateral serrations; 9–10 hypostomal setae per side, some bases closely situated. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFB70FC12FAC0FC2D" box="[1218,1308,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): apical teeth heavily sclerotized and blunt; 8 substantial spinous teeth decreased abruptly in length to serration; serration basal width 1.2 times height, anterior convex edge 2.0 times longer than concave posterior edge; sensillum poorly developed. Mandibular phragma: extended ventrally to 0.3 of maxilla base. Maxilla: tapered, palpus 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFB8BFBB2FB6EFB8D" box="[1081,1202,1124,1150]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.076">0.076 mm</quantity>
in length, 
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFEBAFB5AFE5FFB55" box="[264,387,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.032">0.032 mm</quantity>
in basal width. Thorax: dark brown dorsally and laterally, median pale line anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFE3FFB62FE3BFB3D" box="[397,487,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[245,1343,489,1798]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Larval heads. 13. Simulium lonckei (last instar). 14. S. joyae (penultimate instar). 15. S. sublonckei (last instar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168914/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); sternum pale. Abdomen: segments I–IV narrower than thorax, not increased in size posteriorly; segments V–VII increased gradually to maximum width at segment VII, then decreased smoothly. Posteroventral tubercles absent. Posterodorsal cuticle with closely­packed, small, dark brown tubercles; setae numerous with raised dark sockets (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFEC0FA82FE10FA9D" box="[370,460,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Anal sclerite (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D35642CFD21FA82FD33FA9D" box="[659,751,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,382,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[247,1340,489,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Simulium sublonckei. 7. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 9. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 10. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 11. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 12. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
): junction between anterior and posterior arms heavily pigmented and massive, anterior arms short and sharply tapered; posterolateral arms extended laterally to form heavily tuberculate, wing­like lobes, junction with accessory sclerite tenuous; accessory sclerite heavily pigmented and extended anteriorly to form anterolateral sclerite; posterolateral arms 4.0 times longer than anterolateral arms and extended 0.6 distance around posterior proleg; cuticle surrounding sclerite markedly setose. Posterior proleg circlet of hooks: with 163 rows of hooks, 25–27 hooks per row. Rectal papillae: complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D34642DFE8AFECDFD69FE75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="A88710B39D349BD4FEBAFECDFAF7FE75" box="[264,1323,283,390]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="64B7E0519D349BD4FEBAFECDFAF7FEC5" box="[264,1323,283,310]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="2766892D9D349BD4FEBAFECDFCD5FEC5" box="[264,777,283,310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFE8AFECDFEA5FEC6" bold="true" box="[312,377,283,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pupa</emphasis>
(based on pharate pupa)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="64B7E0519D349BD4FEBAFE92FAF7FEAD" box="[264,1323,324,350]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="2766892D9D349BD4FEBAFE92FCD5FEAD" box="[264,777,324,350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thorax: presence or absence of thoracic</th>
<td id="2766892D9D349BD4FCA2FE92FCA6FEAD" box="[784,890,324,350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tubercles</td>
<td id="2766892D9D349BD4FC33FE92FC7AFEAD" box="[897,934,324,350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">not</td>
<td id="2766892D9D349BD4FC1FFE92FB92FEAD" box="[941,1102,324,350]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">determinable.</td>
<td id="2766892D9D349BD4FBE7FE92FB5EFEAD" box="[1109,1154,324,350]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gill</td>
<td id="2766892D9D349BD4FB3BFE92FB35FEAD" box="[1161,1257,324,350]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(Fig. 7):</td>
<td id="2766892D9D349BD4FB42FE92FAF7FEAD" box="[1264,1323,324,350]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">eight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="64B7E0519D349BD4FEBAFEBAFAF7FE75" box="[264,1323,364,390]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="2766892D9D349BD4FEBAFEBAFCD5FE75" box="[264,777,364,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">filaments; maximum length 2.0 mm.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8EF8B29B9D34642DFEBAF902FEAAF8AE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168913/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[264,1322,489,1721]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D34642DFEBAF902FEAAF8AE" blockId="6.[264,1322,1748,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFEBAF902FE66F91F" bold="true" box="[264,442,1748,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 7–12</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D34642DFE75F903FD78F91F" box="[455,676,1749,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFE75F903FD78F91F" box="[455,676,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Simulium sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFD03F902FD62F91F" bold="true" box="[689,702,1748,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7</emphasis>
. Pupal gills. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFB9EF902FBE5F91F" bold="true" box="[1068,1081,1748,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8</emphasis>
. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFDD4F92CFDAFF8E1" bold="true" box="[614,627,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9</emphasis>
. Hypostomal teeth. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFB99F92CFB9AF8E1" bold="true" box="[1067,1094,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10</emphasis>
. Mandible. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFE39F8C9FE7FF8C4" bold="true" box="[395,419,1823,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11</emphasis>
. Posterodorsal abdominal cuticle. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D34642DFBB1F8C9FBC2F8C4" bold="true" box="[1027,1054,1823,1847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12</emphasis>
. Anal sclerite. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D356423FEBAF96AFB69FE75" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D35642CFEBAF96AFDB9F926" blockId="7.[264,1324,1724,1870]" box="[264,613,1724,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D35642CFEBAF96AFDB9F926" box="[264,613,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D356423FE8AF932FB69FE75" blockId="7.[264,1324,1724,1870]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,390]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D35642CFE8AF932FE64F90D" bold="true" box="[312,440,1764,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D35642CFE8AF932FE6DF90D" bold="true" box="[312,433,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tahiti­nui</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Vaitamanu Vly Rd, 2nd cscd. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D35642CFC93F932FCAEF90D" box="[801,882,1764,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D35642CFC93F932FCB2F90D" box="[801,878,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="AE39C4D39D35642CFCCBF932FBD2F90D" box="[889,1038,1764,1790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1996-08-11">11­viii­1996</date>
. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig; 
<date id="AE39C4D39D35642CFEEFF8DAFE30F8D5" box="[349,492,1804,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1998-07-27">27­vii­1998</date>
. Coll. D. A. Craig and D. A. Joy; 
<date id="AE39C4D39D35642CFC16F8DAFBF6F8D5" box="[932,1066,1804,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2000-11-13">13­xi­2000</date>
. 
<geoCoordinate id="BFB384D49D35642CFB88F8DAFB16F8D5" box="[1082,1226,1804,1830]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="-17.795334">S17° 47.72’</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BFB384D49D35642CFB65F8DAFE8AF8BD" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="-149.19116">W149° 11.47’</geoCoordinate>
. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig (larvae. 
<collectionCode id="BC967AD69D35642CFC98F8E2FCA2F8BD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[810,894,1844,1870]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BPBM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="BC967AD69D35642CFC38F8E2FC11F8BD" box="[906,973,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">DAC</collectionCode>
). Papenoo Valley, Marae cascade. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D3A6423FEFFFECAFE4DFEC5" box="[333,401,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D3A6423FEFFFECAFE51FEC5" box="[333,397,284,310]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="AE39C4D39D3A6423FE2BFECAFDD6FEC5" box="[409,522,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1992-07-26">26­vii­92</date>
. Coll. D. A. and R. E. G. Craig (larva. 
<collectionCode id="BC967AD69D3A6423FC6DFECAFBFEFEC5" box="[991,1058,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">DAC</collectionCode>
). Vaihiria Valley, cascade. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D3A6423FEE2FE92FE79FEAD" box="[336,421,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D3A6423FEE2FE92FE7DFEAD" box="[336,417,324,350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="228.0">228 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="AE39C4D39D3A6423FE1DFE92FDEAFEAD" box="[431,566,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1996-08-09">9­viii­1996</date>
. Coll. D. A. Craig and R. E. G. Craig (larvae. 
<collectionCode id="BC967AD69D3A6423FB32FE92FB1FFEAD" box="[1152,1219,324,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">DAC</collectionCode>
). Tahinu River. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D3A6423FEE4FEBAFE74FE75" box="[342,424,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D3A6423FEE4FEBAFE7FFE75" box="[342,419,364,390]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="445.0">445 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="AE39C4D39D3A6423FE1DFEBAFD99FE75" box="[431,581,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1996-08-10">10­viii­1996</date>
. Coll. D. A. Craig and R. E. G. Craig (larvae. 
<collectionCode id="BC967AD69D3A6423FBD4FEBAFB75FE75" box="[1126,1193,364,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">DAC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="8EF8B29B9D3A6423FEBAF8F7FCAFF8A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168914/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[264,1322,489,1797]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3A6423FEBAF8F7FCAFF8A8" blockId="8.[264,1323,1825,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FEBAF8F7FE11F8CA" bold="true" box="[264,461,1825,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 13–15</emphasis>
. Larval heads. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FD31F8F7FD42F8CA" bold="true" box="[643,670,1825,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">13</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3A6423FD03F8F4FCACF8CA" box="[689,880,1826,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FD03F8F4FCACF8CA" box="[689,880,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simulium lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(last instar). 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FBBCF8F7FBF5F8CA" bold="true" box="[1038,1065,1825,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3A6423FB8EF8F4FB4BF8CA" box="[1084,1175,1826,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joyae">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FB8EF8F4FB4BF8CA" box="[1084,1175,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. joyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(penultimate instar). 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FEE8F895FEA9F8A8" bold="true" box="[346,373,1859,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3A6423FE30F892FDD2F8A8" box="[386,526,1860,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3A6423FE30F892FDD2F8A8" box="[386,526,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(last instar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D3B6422FE8AFECAFCEEFE5D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FE8AFECAFCEEFE5D" blockId="9.[264,1323,283,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FE8AFECAFE76FEC6" bold="true" box="[312,426,283,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FE8AFECAFE7DFEC5" bold="true" box="[312,417,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tahiti­iti</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D3B6422FE08FECAFE2BFEC5" box="[442,503,284,310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
west of Tautira, cascade. 
<date id="AE39C4D39D3B6422FC9BFECAFC7CFEC5" box="[809,928,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1988-04-04">4­iv­1988</date>
. Coll. D. A. Craig and S. Loncke (larva. DAC). Fauoro Valley, Tirahi River, cascade. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D3B6422FC3FFE92FC08FEAD" box="[909,980,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D3B6422FC3FFE92FC0CFEAD" box="[909,976,324,350]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="AE39C4D39D3B6422FC6DFE92FB9BFEAD" box="[991,1095,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1988-04-29">29­iv­88</date>
. Coll. D. A. Craig (larva. DAC). Vaitepiha River, cascade. 
<specimenCount id="CC81299A9D3B6422FD4CFEBAFC99FE75" box="[766,837,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
<quantity id="1D7F4FF69D3B6422FD4CFEBAFC9CFE75" box="[766,832,364,390]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<geoCoordinate id="BFB384D49D3B6422FCE2FEBAFC01FE75" box="[848,989,364,390]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="-17.776833">S17° 46.61'</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BFB384D49D3B6422FC55FEBAFB4DFE75" box="[999,1169,364,390]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="-149.178">W149° 10.68'</geoCoordinate>
. 
<date id="AE39C4D39D3B6422FB2DFEBAFAFBFE75" box="[1183,1319,364,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1998-08-01">1­viii­1998</date>
. Coll. D. A. Craig and D. A. Joy (larvae. DAC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D3B6422FEBAFE09FB85FDD2" box="[264,1113,479,545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FEBAFE09FE59FE0B" blockId="9.[264,1113,479,545]" box="[264,389,479,504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FEBAFE09FE59FE0B" box="[264,389,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FE8AFDD1FB85FDD2" blockId="9.[264,1113,479,545]" box="[312,1113,519,545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Named for its probable basal phylogenetic relationship to 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FC52FDD1FB8EFDD3" box="[992,1106,519,544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FC52FDD1FB8EFDD3" box="[992,1106,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="929DB1989D3B6422FEBAFD87FB74FA78" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FEBAFD87FE5FFD99" blockId="9.[264,1324,593,1419]" box="[264,387,593,618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FEBAFD87FE5FFD99" box="[264,387,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FE8AFDAFFB47FC08" blockId="9.[264,1324,593,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FE03FDAFFD90FD61" box="[433,588,633,658]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FE03FDAFFD90FD61" box="[433,588,633,658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in colouration and shape to those of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FB34FDAFFB24FD61" box="[1158,1272,633,658]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FB34FDAFFB24FD61" box="[1158,1272,633,658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and initially difficult to distinguish. Indeed, a misidentification was made by 
<bibRefCitation id="BE169FE29D3B6422FB22FD77FAF7FD48" author="Craig" box="[1168,1323,673,699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="17" refString="Craig, D. A. (1997) A taxonomic revision of the Pacific black fly subgenus Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75, 855 - 904." type="journal article" year="1997">Craig (1997)</bibRefCitation>
where his Figure 63 is not of the larval head of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FC82FD1FFC7EFD11" box="[816,930,713,738]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FC82FD1FFC7EFD11" box="[816,930,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is that of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FBFBFD1FFB3FFD11" box="[1097,1251,713,738]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FBFBFD1FFB3FFD11" box="[1097,1251,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further, the Vaitamanu locality given by 
<bibRefCitation id="BE169FE29D3B6422FD09FD27FC6DFCF8" author="Craig" box="[699,945,753,779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" refString="Craig, D. A. &amp; Joy, D. A. (2000) New species and some redescriptions in the central-western Pacific subgenus Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 1236 - 1262." type="journal article" year="2000">Craig and Joy (2000)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FC52FD27FB8EFCF9" box="[992,1106,753,778]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FC52FD27FB8EFCF9" box="[992,1106,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually that for 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FEBAFCCFFE78FCC1" box="[264,420,793,818]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FEBAFCCFFE78FCC1" box="[264,420,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Larvae of both of these species are also similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FB3AFCCFFB3AFCC1" box="[1160,1254,793,818]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joyae">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FB3AFCCFFB3AFCC1" box="[1160,1254,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. joyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D3B6422FAB0FCCFFEF4FCA8" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[245,1343,489,1798]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Larval heads. 13. Simulium lonckei (last instar). 14. S. joyae (penultimate instar). 15. S. sublonckei (last instar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168914/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 14</figureCitation>
), but they can be distinguished by the sharp lateral cut­off of the abdominal dorsal pigmentation and cuticular tubercles, the distinct pale ecdysial line on the anterior thorax, a broader anterior head, labral fans with more rays and a distinct medial hypostomal tooth. 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FEBAFC6FFE22FC21" box="[264,510,953,978]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FEBAFC6FFE22FC21" box="[264,510,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simulium sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with broader anterior and posterior cephalic apotome (cf. 
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D3B6422FB0EFC6FFEFBFC08" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="8.[264,382,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,489,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[245,1343,489,1798]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Larval heads. 13. Simulium lonckei (last instar). 14. S. joyae (penultimate instar). 15. S. sublonckei (last instar). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168914/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 13– 15</figureCitation>
), would appear to be the more plesiomorphic of these three related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FE8AFBDFFE21FB68" blockId="9.[264,1324,593,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Similar in habitat preference to 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FD02FBDFFCFFFBD1" box="[688,803,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FD02FBDFFD63FBD1" box="[688,703,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FD7CFBDFFCFFFBD1" box="[718,803,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FCECFBDFFC67FBD1" box="[862,955,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joyae">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FCECFBDFFCB1FBD1" box="[862,877,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FCCEFBDFFC67FBD1" box="[892,955,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">joyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FC79FBDFFBBAFBD1" box="[971,1126,1033,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FC79FBDFFC05FBD1" box="[971,985,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FC5BFBDFFBBAFBD1" box="[1001,1126,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found only in cascades (
<figureCitation id="42BCFE969D3B6422FE33FBE7FE07FBB8" box="[385,475,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStartId="15.[264,382,776,800]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,313,765]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[247,1340,312,769]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 29. Type localities. 27. Simulium adelaideae. Above Lac Vaihiria on cross­Tahiti road. Larva collected in densely­shaded portion of stream in background. 28. S. sublonckei. Second cascade on road to Maroto River barrage, Vaitamanu Valley, Papenoo River catchment. 29. S. englundi. Unnamed stream, Mohotani Island, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands. Photograph courtesy of R. Englund." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168917/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). It occurs on both Tahiti­nui and Tahiti­iti, as does also 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FB26FBE7FB2EFBB9" box="[1172,1266,1073,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joyae">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FB26FBE7FB7FFBB9" box="[1172,1187,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FB01FBE7FB2EFBB9" box="[1203,1266,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">joyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At present, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FEDFFB8FFE3DFB81" box="[365,481,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FEDFFB8FFEA0FB81" box="[365,380,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FE3EFB8FFE3DFB81" box="[396,481,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from cascades on Tahiti­iti, a point of possible biogeographic significance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA38E2139D3B6422FE8AFB7FFB74FA78" blockId="9.[264,1324,593,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The 
<typeStatus id="053C5CB19D3B6422FEDFFB7FFE7CFB30" box="[365,416,1193,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality cascade of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FD3AFB7FFCFFFB31" box="[648,803,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublonckei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FD3AFB7FFCFFFB31" box="[648,803,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. sublonckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been well collected over the years (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="BE169FE29D3B6422FEBAFB07FE27FB18" author="Craig" box="[264,507,1233,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="18" refString="Craig, D. A. &amp; Joy, D. A. (2000) New species and some redescriptions in the central-western Pacific subgenus Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 1236 - 1262." type="journal article" year="2000">Craig and Joy 2000</bibRefCitation>
, Craig 2001). With a preponderance of larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FBD1FB07FAF8FB19" box="[1123,1316,1233,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cataractarum">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FBD1FB07FAF8FB19" box="[1123,1316,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. cataractarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, those of other species collected are 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FD04FB2FFCB4FAE1" box="[694,872,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arlecchinum">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FD04FB2FFCB4FAE1" box="[694,872,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. arlecchinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FCCBFB2FFBF0FAE1" box="[889,1068,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dussertorum">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FCCBFB2FFBF0FAE1" box="[889,1068,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. dussertorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FB8EFB2FFB68FAE1" box="[1084,1204,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fararae">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FB8EFB2FFB68FAE1" box="[1084,1204,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. fararae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FB77FB2FFEE8FAC9" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossatiae">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FB77FB2FFEE8FAC9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. fossatiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FEF6FAF7FE2BFAC9" box="[324,503,1313,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirticranium">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FEF6FAF7FE2BFAC9" box="[324,503,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. hirticranium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FDB5FAF7FD53FAC9" box="[519,655,1313,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malardei">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FDB5FAF7FD53FAC9" box="[519,655,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. malardei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FD2DFAF7FCC9FAC9" box="[671,789,1313,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oviceps">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FD2DFAF7FCC9FAC9" box="[671,789,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. oviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1D8799909D3B6422FCE3FAF7FC3FFAC9" box="[849,995,1313,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoviceps">
<emphasis id="E8F33E019D3B6422FCE3FAF7FC3FFAC9" box="[849,995,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. neoviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With ten species this cascade has the greatest richness of any Tahitian locality (
<bibRefCitation id="BE169FE29D3B6422FC19FA9FFBEAFA90" author="Craig" box="[939,1078,1353,1379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="17" refString="Craig, D. A. (1997) A taxonomic revision of the Pacific black fly subgenus Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75, 855 - 904." type="journal article" year="1997">Craig 1997</bibRefCitation>
, 2001), however, in comparison to simuliid habitats elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="BE169FE29D3B6422FCB4FAA7FC0DFA78" author="Adler" box="[774,977,1393,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="17" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 941 pp." type="book" year="2004">Adler et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
), it is not unusual.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>