234 lines
26 KiB
XML
234 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="756BC7E06652C4BE12E2778ABEEB8758" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186318" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e00f698-e22e-41d6-86ca-bf8bec9a41f2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186318" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050036523" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xue, Dayong, Wang, Xuejian & Han, Hongxiang" docDate="2009" docId="417987ADFFFE686CFF33FEA4FE77F85E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02033p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2033" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudepisothalma Han" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="BD40FFD5FFF46866FFA4FFC9FFCBFFAF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Episothalma Swinhoe, 1893, with descriptions of two new species and one new genus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="12" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698578449513" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="2103EEA59D33C31117A6920C20CF6C56" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7CF8E0F466E7E0833537FE2C74473784">
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<mods:title id="CCA554AEB4D2CB7217E0DC6D2138417F">A revision of Episothalma Swinhoe, 1893, with descriptions of two new species and one new genus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CEF81B48066BBF3979F3E9C3523610BE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2243AAE5360ECF43B3584136A817B8EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F8DCFD00BD8B92B90ADBD8DEEB2AC622">Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D282BE71046016F256BA1FAC2F9C124B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="96BBBBCAAF1A7201D40EFE565BA7255F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F5890E0D9F547A81DB6625AD51BB37C9">Wang, Xuejian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="23C62B930402729F24A537515376E2DD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9FB9D49BFDE0CEF5C62252B3572B3630">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4AA0335957AB84894AD6A21A8BE1466E">Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0B4FC831CA888437969AEEC08A9D21D2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="09DADE1899FB1ECD5EE37C604A496DE2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="936270C13E8AA264587C07CF3802359D">
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<mods:date id="264EACCA0254F76DBAD996AA0D3E940C">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C23C2C057A398594DA93E9D1AA6191C9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3D601F8CD75389B7D0F6103940BA4D1F">2033</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E9317A96F5B1FA2752BD76F97F0D7436">12</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F3735C6DAB203F56EA6D2E6164680E97">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF43BEFC932316463CCD8E896472A73F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186318</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="75B28236E89F8BE196AE12BDC5BC2E1C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="671A59482CE8DB8B4DEB4D195F516189" type="Zenodo-Dep">186318</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="417987ADFFFE686CFF33FEA4FE77F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225566" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225566" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417987ADFFFE686CFF33FEA4FE77F85E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/417987ADFFFE686CFF33FEA4FE77F85E" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF33FEA4FDEEFE28" box="[151,549,365,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF33FEA4FDEEFE28" blockId="10.[151,549,365,391]" box="[151,549,365,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="922781D7FFFE686CFF33FEA4FDEEFE28" bold="true" box="[151,549,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF33FEA4FDEEFE28" bold="true" box="[151,549,365,391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFF33FEA4FE7BFE28" authority="Han" authorityName="Han" box="[151,432,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF33FEA4FEB8FE28" bold="true" box="[151,371,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
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Han
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF33FE64FD75FE6B" box="[151,702,429,452]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF33FE64FD75FE6B" blockId="10.[151,702,429,452]" box="[151,702,429,452]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="166B8819FFFE686CFF33FE64FF07FE6B" box="[151,204,429,452]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFE88FE64FD72FE6B" authority="Swinhoe, 1893" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[300,697,429,452]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellata">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFE88FE64FDDBFE6B" box="[300,528,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma ocellata</emphasis>
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Swinhoe, 1893
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF33FE23FC68FC22" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF33FE23FC68FC22" blockId="10.[151,1437,490,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF33FE23FEE4FDAB" bold="true" box="[151,303,490,516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Description.</emphasis>
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Head: Antenna ciliate in male. Frons with scales smooth, moderately protruding. Labial palpus short, not extending beyond frons. Thorax: Forewing with apex falcate; outer margin concave from apex to vein M3, and straight from vein M3 to anal angle; anal angle nearly quadrate.
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<collectingCountry id="B1C7762BFFFE686CFB94FDF1FBA0FDFD" box="[1072,1131,568,594]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Hind</collectingCountry>
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wing with apex rounded, outer margin deeply concave between vein M1 and M3, forming large teeth on both veins; anal angle nearly quadrate. Venation same as that of
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFD93FD42FD07FD0B" box="[567,716,651,676]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFD93FD42FD07FD0B" box="[567,716,651,676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Abdomen: Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFFE686CFBBFFD42FBB5FD0A" box="[1051,1150,651,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,318,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,313,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Male genitalia. 17 – 18. E. robustaria. 17, From Thailand; 18, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 19, E. irrobustaria sp. nov.; 20, E. cognataria; 21, E. cuspidata sp. nov.; 22, Pseudepisothalma ocellata. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186320/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFFE686CFB2FFD42FB62FD0A" box="[1163,1193,651,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 33. 23" captionStartId="9.[151,271,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[198,1378,202,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,194,1436]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 33. 23. Female genitalia of E. robustaria. 24 – 29. Aedeagus of E. robustaria. 24, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 25, From Vietnam; 26, From South India; 27, From Hainan, China. 28, From Thailand; 29, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 30, E. irrobustaria sp. nov.; 31, E. cognataria; 32, E. cuspidata sp. nov.; 33. Pseudepisothalma ocellata. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186321/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">33</figureCitation>
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). Uncus sclerotized, slender, tapered and pointed at tip. Socii broad, slightly sclerotized, shorter than uncus. Gnathos with median process long and pointed. Valva moderately sclerotized, terminal part with ventral half truncate, dorsal half with a strongly sclerotized, spinose process; costa forming a large sclerotized, rounded, spinose process near center; costal terminal process membranous, long and slender; ventral margin of valva concave at middle. Transtilla slightly sclerotized. Juxta sclerotized, labiate. Saccus not protruding. Coremata present. Aedeagus with terminal part sclerotized, spinose. Female genitalia unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF61FC50FEF9FC75" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61FC50FEF9FC75" blockId="10.[151,1437,490,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF61FC50FE9AFC1C" bold="true" box="[197,337,921,947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This generic name is from the Latin
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFCA6FC53FC9BFC1C" box="[770,848,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">pseud-</emphasis>
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and the genus
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFC5BFC53FB58FC1C" box="[1023,1171,922,947]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFC5BFC53FB58FC1C" box="[1023,1171,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which means not true
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFF33FC08FEE0FC75" box="[151,299,961,986]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF33FC08FEE0FC75" box="[151,299,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF61FC2EFE77F85E" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61FC2EFAD3FABF" blockId="10.[151,1437,490,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF61FC2EFE8DFBAE" bold="true" box="[197,326,999,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="166B8819FFFE686CFE20FC2EFE7CFBAE" box="[388,439,999,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
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species of this new genus
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFD5CFC2EFC1AFBAF" box="[760,977,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFD5CFC2EFC1AFBAF" box="[760,977,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally placed in
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFB5BFC2EFA5FFBAF" box="[1279,1428,999,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFB5BFC2EFA5FFBAF" box="[1279,1428,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the male genitalia are absolutely different from those of the members of that genus. For example: the gnathos of
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFE8BFBFDFDEFFBE2" box="[303,548,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFE8BFBFDFDEFFBE2" box="[303,548,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a developed median process, but it is absent in
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFB4FFBFDFA59FBE2" box="[1259,1426,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFB4FFBFDFA59FBE2" box="[1259,1426,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFF33FB92FEA5FBDB" box="[151,366,1115,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF33FB92FEA5FBDB" box="[151,366,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not have the typical hook-like structure on the valva, but has a developed process on the costal margin and a terminal process on the valva, which are absent in
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFBBBFB4BFB7CFB34" box="[1055,1207,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFBBBFB4BFB7CFB34" box="[1055,1207,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The aedeagus has many small spines on the manica in
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFDEBFB60FCE1FB6D" box="[591,810,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFDEBFB60FCE1FB6D" box="[591,810,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but has large processes or none in
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFB78FB60FAB8FB6D" box="[1244,1395,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFB78FB60FAB8FB6D" box="[1244,1395,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In wing pattern,
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFE99FB06FDDCFB47" box="[317,535,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFE99FB06FDDCFB47" box="[317,535,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is different from
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFD4FFB06FC4AFB47" box="[747,897,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFD4FFB06FC4AFB47" box="[747,897,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Episothalma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having radial lines outside the postmedial lines on the dorsal side, a different colour and distinct straight postmedial lines on the ventral side.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61FAD5FAFFF93D" blockId="10.[151,1437,490,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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The ventral side of the wings is reminiscent of that of
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFC93FAD5FA82FA99" authority="Moore, 1868" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1868" box="[823,1353,1308,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFC93FAD5FB5DFA9A" box="[823,1174,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Chlorodontopera discospilata</emphasis>
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(Moore, 1868)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is the only member of that genus with a yellow ventral side, in having a yellow background colour and straight dark postmedial lines. But the bipectinate antennae in the male immediately separates
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFB3EFAA3FA90FA2C" box="[1178,1371,1386,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
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<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFB3EFAA3FA90FA2C" box="[1178,1371,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFF33FA58FEBDFA05" box="[151,374,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF33FA58FEBDFA05" box="[151,374,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFE22FA58FDAFFA05" box="[390,612,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFE22FA58FDAFFA05" box="[390,612,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFC16FA58FBB2FA05" box="[946,1145,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFC16FA58FBB2FA05" box="[946,1145,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by features of the male genitalia. For example, the uncus is deeply bifid and Y-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFC00FA7EFBAEFA7F" box="[932,1125,1463,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFC00FA7EFBAEFA7F" box="[932,1125,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is tapering and sticklike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFF48FA17FE0DFA58" box="[236,454,1502,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF48FA17FE0DFA58" box="[236,454,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the lateral arms of the gnathos of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFCC9FA17FBE4FA58" box="[877,1071,1502,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFCC9FA17FBE4FA58" box="[877,1071,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are separate though very long and with modification, but they are joined together in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFCAEF9CDFC2AF9B2" box="[778,993,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFCAEF9CDFC2AF9B2" box="[778,993,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and form a simple median process. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFEA2F9E2FE0EF9EB" box="[262,453,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFEA2F9E2FE0EF9EB" box="[262,453,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much larger discal spots on the dorsal side of the wings;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFB33F9E2FA9DF9EB" box="[1175,1366,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFB33F9E2FA9DF9EB" box="[1175,1366,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears two pairs of spurs in the male hind tibia, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFD64F99BFC5CF9C4" box="[704,919,1618,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFD64F99BFC5CF9C4" box="[704,919,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only has one pair of terminal spurs; sternite
|
||
<quantity id="0E289B5EFFFE686CFF33F9B1FF0FF93D" box="[151,196,1656,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the male bears a pair of setal patches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFD3BF9B0FC96F93D" box="[671,861,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFD3BF9B0FC96F93D" box="[671,861,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Ch. discospilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFBF2F9B0FAE6F93D" box="[1110,1325,1657,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFBF2F9B0FAE6F93D" box="[1110,1325,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61F956FE77F85E" blockId="10.[151,1437,490,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The male genitalia of the specimens on which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFC82F956FBD9F917" box="[806,1042,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFC82F956FBD9F917" box="[806,1042,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Pseudepisothalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based have uncus and socii reminiscent of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFE27F90FFDC4F94F" box="[387,527,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the following characters: the socii and uncus are closely adpressed; the socii are shorter than the uncus; veins M3 and CuA1 of the hind wing are stalked. On this basis, they fall clearly within the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFD8BF8DFFD74F89F" box="[559,703,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But within the tribe, the male genitalia of this species are distinctive in having a very special unusual valva shape: the ventral half is truncate and a spinose process is present on the dorsal half, whereas other genera in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFCBEF8AAFC55F8D2" box="[794,926,1891,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually have blunt and rounded apices; the costal terminal process is membranous, but is usually sclerotized in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFBB9F843FB62F80B" box="[1053,1193,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
where it exists, for example in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFE686CFE85F878FD98F864" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[289,595,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Culpinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFE85F878FE2BF865" box="[289,480,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Culpinia diffusa</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We conclude that it is not possible to fit this species convincingly into any other existing genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |