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<document id="082E99AEB2CCF6D80DC13F10AD62BEFE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186318" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e00f698-e22e-41d6-86ca-bf8bec9a41f2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186318" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050036523" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xue, Dayong, Wang, Xuejian &amp; Han, Hongxiang" docDate="2009" docId="417987ADFFF3686CFF33FA80FAE7FE89" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02033p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2033" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Episothalma cuspidata Xue &amp; Wang, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="BD40FFD5FFF46866FFA4FFC9FFCBFFAF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Episothalma Swinhoe, 1893, with descriptions of two new species and one new genus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="12" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698578449513" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B90CE5FCF602D11B47067548619D243A">A revision of Episothalma Swinhoe, 1893, with descriptions of two new species and one new genus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6F3C1410991BADEE94004F9079E0C78">Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D99952D419461ED7E2B29036AD198D68">Wang, Xuejian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="352E68C83E823872666B75A89D6F1D2B">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="417987ADFFF3686CFF33FA80FAE7FE89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611626" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417987ADFFF3686CFF33FA80FAE7FE89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/417987ADFFF3686CFF33FA80FAE7FE89" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFF36861FF33FA80FF10FA29" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFF36861FF33FA80FD0BFACC" blockId="7.[151,704,1353,1414]" box="[151,704,1353,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="922781D7FFF36861FF33FA80FD0BFACC" bold="true" box="[151,704,1353,1379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFF36861FF33FA80FD0BFACC" bold="true" box="[151,704,1353,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFF36861FF33FA80FD9DFACC" authority="Xue &amp; Wang" authorityName="Xue &amp; Wang" box="[151,598,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFF36861FF33FA80FE61FACC" bold="true" box="[151,426,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Episothalma cuspidata</emphasis>
Xue &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09757D2FFF36861FDC7FA80FD0BFACC" box="[611,704,1353,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFF36861FF33FAA5FF10FA29" blockId="7.[151,704,1353,1414]" box="[151,219,1388,1414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFF36861FF33FAA5FF10FA29" box="[151,219,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,273,1884,1908]" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Moth of Episothalma and Pseudepisothalma. 1 – 5. E. robustaria. 1, From Khasis, India; 2, From Vietnam; 3, From Hainan, China; 4, From Thailand; 5, From South India; 6, E. irrobustaria sp. nov., holotype; 7, E. cognataria; 8, E. cuspidata sp. nov., holotype; 9 – 10. Pseudepisothalma ocellata. 9, dorsum; 10, venter. Scale bar = 1.5 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFF3686EFF33FA70FB90FF77" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFF3686EFF33FA70FB90FF77" blockId="7.[151,1436,1465,2036]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFF36861FF33FA70FEFDFA7C" bold="true" box="[151,310,1465,1491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Description.</emphasis>
Head: Antenna ciliate in male. Frons reddish brown, smooth-scaled. Labial palpus darkish brown, ventrally whitish, very short and not extending beyond frons in male. Thorax:
<collectingCountry id="B1C7762BFFF36861FB2FFA29FB0DFA55" box="[1163,1222,1504,1530]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia in male with one pair of terminal spurs. Length of forewing: ɗ
<quantity id="0E289B5EFFF36861FD49F9CEFC8EF98E" box="[749,837,1543,1569]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
. Forewing with apex pointed; outer margin under apex slightly concave; outer margin of hind wing concave between M1 and M3, forming a process on both veins. Wings: ground colour grass green. Costa of forewing diffused with black scales. Transverse lines indistinct because of discoloration. Discal spot black. Terminal line dark brown, interrupted on veins. Fringes dark brown. Ventral side pale green, diffused with dark brown scales, denser proximate to postmedial line on forewing; distinct discal spot dark brown; postmedial line dark brown, dentate. Abdomen: Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFF36861FF3BF93BFECAF8A3" box="[159,257,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,318,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,313,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Male genitalia. 17 – 18. E. robustaria. 17, From Thailand; 18, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 19, E. irrobustaria sp. nov.; 20, E. cognataria; 21, E. cuspidata sp. nov.; 22, Pseudepisothalma ocellata. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186320/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFF36861FEAAF93BFEE4F8A3" box="[270,303,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 33. 23" captionStartId="9.[151,271,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[198,1378,202,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,194,1436]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 33. 23. Female genitalia of E. robustaria. 24 – 29. Aedeagus of E. robustaria. 24, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 25, From Vietnam; 26, From South India; 27, From Hainan, China. 28, From Thailand; 29, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 30, E. irrobustaria sp. nov.; 31, E. cognataria; 32, E. cuspidata sp. nov.; 33. Pseudepisothalma ocellata. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186321/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="20">32</figureCitation>
). Uncus sclerotized, with apex blunt. Socii slightly sclerotized, tapered, with a process at middle proximately. Gnathos with lateral arms very short, not joined in the middle. Valva broad, with terminal part membranous, tapered but blunt; costa margin with basal two-thirds sclerotized, slightly convex; irregularly wrinkled ridge with dense hair present in the middle; a pointed sclerotized hook-like tooth present near center, posterior to which is, a transverse sclerotized band extending to ventral margin of valva, with a series of large teeth on the margin and a large pointed posterior process. Transtilla a large, slightly sclerotized plate. Juxta sclerotized, posterior margin a reversed U-shape. Saccus not protruding. Coremata developed. Aedeagus developed, with terminal part strongly sclerotized, vesica densely wrinkled, manica with one large sclerotized posterior process and a small pointed one near middle. Female genitalia unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9DAF6633FFFC686EFF33F8F3FED1F839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186320/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[188,1398,318,1800]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFC686EFF33F8F3FED1F839" blockId="8.[151,1436,1850,1942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFF33F8F3FE9CF8FD" bold="true" box="[151,343,1850,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 17–22</emphasis>
. Male genitalia.
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFDA8F8F3FD9EF8FD" bold="true" box="[524,597,1850,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">17–18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFC686EFDF8F8F3FD21F8FE" box="[604,746,1850,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hemithea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustaria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFDF8F8F3FD21F8FE" box="[604,746,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">E. robustaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 17, From Thailand; 18, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 19,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFC686EFEABF894FE7AF8DB" box="[271,433,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrobustaria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFEABF894FE7AF8DB" box="[271,433,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">E. irrobustaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFE13F895FDC5F8DB" bold="true" box="[439,526,1884,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09757D2FFFC686EFE13F895FDC5F8DB" box="[439,526,1884,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 20,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFC686EFDE2F894FD10F8DB" box="[582,731,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFDE2F894FD10F8DB" box="[582,731,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 21,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFC686EFCB7F894FC50F8DB" box="[787,923,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFCB7F894FC50F8DB" box="[787,923,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">E. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFC05F895FC33F8DB" bold="true" box="[929,1016,1884,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09757D2FFFC686EFC05F895FC33F8DB" box="[929,1016,1884,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 22,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFC686EFB94F894FA9FF8DB" box="[1072,1364,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFC686EFB94F894FA9FF8DB" box="[1072,1364,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="21">Pseudepisothalma ocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9DAF6633FFFD686FFF33FA7AFD7BF99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186321/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[198,1378,202,1417]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFD686FFF33FA7AFD7BF99C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1459,1587]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFF33FA7AFEABFA64" bold="true" box="[151,352,1459,1483]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">FIGURES 23–33.</emphasis>
23. Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFDCFFA7DFD31FA64" box="[619,762,1460,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hemithea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustaria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFDCFFA7DFD31FA64" box="[619,762,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. robustaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFCADFA7AFC98FA64" bold="true" box="[777,851,1459,1483]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">24–29.</emphasis>
Aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFC4FFA7DFBB1FA64" box="[1003,1146,1460,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hemithea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustaria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFC4FFA7DFBB1FA64" box="[1003,1146,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. robustaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 24, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 25, From Vietnam; 26, From South India; 27, From Hainan, China. 28, From Thailand; 29, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 30,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFD1CFA33FC9CF9BE" box="[696,855,1530,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irrobustaria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFD1CFA33FC9CF9BE" box="[696,855,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. irrobustaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFCFAFA30FC78F9BE" bold="true" box="[862,947,1529,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09757D2FFFD686FFCFAFA30FC78F9BE" box="[862,947,1529,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 31,
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFC4DFA33FB4EF9BE" box="[1001,1157,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFC4DFA33FBB5F9BE" box="[1001,1150,1530,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">E. cognataria</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
32,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFB17FA33FAF2F9BE" box="[1203,1337,1530,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFB17FA33FAF2F9BE" box="[1203,1337,1530,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFA9BFA30FA5EF9BE" bold="true" box="[1343,1429,1529,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E09757D2FFFD686FFA9BFA30FA5EF9BE" box="[1343,1429,1529,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 33.
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFF1BF9D5FE2DF99C" box="[191,486,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFF1BF9D5FE29F99C" box="[191,482,1564,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudepisothalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellata">Pseudepisothalma ocellata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFD686FFF61F94DFD32F826" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFD686FFF61F94DFD32F826" blockId="9.[151,1437,1668,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFF61F94DFE9BF931" bold="true" box="[197,336,1668,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species is close to
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFD6FF94DFCB0F932" box="[715,891,1668,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFD6FF94DFCB0F932" box="[715,891,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished by the following differences: on the wing shape,
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFDAEF962FD57F96B" box="[522,668,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFDAEF962FD57F96B" box="[522,668,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger than
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFCE6F962FC2FF96B" box="[834,996,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFCE6F962FC2FF96B" box="[834,996,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the outer margin posterior to the apex on the forewing and between M1 and M3 on hind wing is more deeply concave than in
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFB64F918FAAAF945" box="[1216,1377,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFB64F918FAAAF945" box="[1216,1377,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most important difference is in the male genitalia: the posterior end of the transverse sclerotized band in the middle of the valva is pointed (
<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFFD686FFDBBF8EBFDB7F893" box="[543,636,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,318,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,313,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Male genitalia. 17 – 18. E. robustaria. 17, From Thailand; 18, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 19, E. irrobustaria sp. nov.; 20, E. cognataria; 21, E. cuspidata sp. nov.; 22, Pseudepisothalma ocellata. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186320/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), but it is quite blunt and rounded in
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFBF4F8EBFB37F894" box="[1104,1276,1826,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFBF4F8EBFB37F894" box="[1104,1276,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="51EB2A3EFFFD686FFAA9F8EBFAA7F893" box="[1293,1388,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,318,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[188,1398,313,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Male genitalia. 17 – 18. E. robustaria. 17, From Thailand; 18, From Xishuangbanna Bubeng, Yunnan, China; 19, E. irrobustaria sp. nov.; 20, E. cognataria; 21, E. cuspidata sp. nov.; 22, Pseudepisothalma ocellata. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186320/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). In addition, the costal margin of
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFDA4F880FD5DF8CD" box="[512,662,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFDA4F880FD5DF8CD" box="[512,662,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is convex, but it is almost straight in
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFBF9F880FAC9F8CD" box="[1117,1282,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFBF9F880FAC9F8CD" box="[1117,1282,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the valva is much longer and broader than that of
<taxonomicName id="0ED04D38FFFD686FFDF5F8A6FD3AF827" box="[593,753,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Episothalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognataria">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFDF5F8A6FD3AF827" box="[593,753,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">E. cognataria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFD686FFF61F85CFB8EF879" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFD686FFF61F85CFB8EF879" blockId="9.[151,1437,1668,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFF61F85CFE72F800" bold="true" box="[197,441,1941,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="166B8819FFFD686FFE64F85FFDFBF81F" box="[448,560,1942,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, ɗ,
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFD686FFDF9F85CFD74F800" bold="true" box="[605,703,1941,1967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="B1C7762BFFFD686FFDF9F85CFD74F800" box="[605,703,1941,1967]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">CHINA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Hainan: Jianfengling Tianchi,
<date id="BD6E107BFFFD686FFB95F85FFB7EF81F" box="[1073,1205,1942,1968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" value="1980-04-13">13.IV.1980</date>
, coll. Zhang Baolin (
<collectionCode id="AFC1AE7EFFFD686FFF3BF875FF31F879" box="[159,250,1980,2006]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">IZCAS</collectionCode>
);
<typeStatus id="166B8819FFFD686FFEAAF875FEBDF879" box="[270,374,1980,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, ɗ, Hainan: Jianfeng,
<date id="BD6E107BFFFD686FFDDEF875FCC9F879" box="[634,770,1980,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="22" value="1983-11-10">10.XI.1983</date>
, coll. Liu Yuanfu (
<collectionCode id="AFC1AE7EFFFD686FFC79F875FBF3F879" box="[989,1080,1980,2006]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="22">IZCAS</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF61FF5EFE46FF77" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61FF5EFE46FF77" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF61FF5EFE99FF1E" bold="true" box="[197,338,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is from the Latin
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFD5FFF51FCB3FF1E" box="[763,888,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">cuspidatus</emphasis>
, which means pointed, referring to the pointed process on the valva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF61FF2CFDE2FF50" box="[197,553,229,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61FF2CFDE2FF50" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,294]" box="[197,553,229,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF61FF2CFEAEFF50" bold="true" box="[197,357,229,255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B1C7762BFFFE686CFEC8FF2CFE79FF50" box="[364,434,229,255]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">China</collectingCountry>
(Hainan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CA6530FFFE686CFF61FEC2FAE7FE89" box="[197,1324,267,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C96F36BBFFFE686CFF61FEC2FAE7FE89" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,294]" box="[197,1324,267,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="FBA4EAA9FFFE686CFF61FEC2FEE2FE8A" bold="true" box="[197,297,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Biology.</emphasis>
Collecting data (April–November) suggests that the species may have two generations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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