treatments-xml/data/E3/F2/75/E3F275829E1E8E572852C0A169A761F1.xml
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<mods:title id="21D7B89546D7737CDCF22060E30FB360">Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records</mods:title>
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<treatment id="E3F275829E1E8E572852C0A169A761F1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127538" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3F275829E1E8E572852C0A169A761F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3F275829E1E8E572852C0A169A761F1" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection id="BCEA32958840B0DF6C369C009F883FB2" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EE68F3949058DEDA6F22DEC031F9AAA0" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="BEE5C51211C6B8221757F66043F7EC5B" ID-CoL="49M74" authority="Balthasar, 1938" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus (Caelontherus) trituberculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus" subGenus="Caelontherus">Ontherus (Caelontherus) trituberculatus Balthasar, 1938</taxonomicName>
Plate 38A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E3AE273B286320A7071ADD60535A809C" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0CE2E72829337779A312F77237242958" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="4CF01D6066224DC85C20936BDACD8FFE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus trituberculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus">Ontherus trituberculatus</taxonomicName>
Balthasar, 1938: 220 (original description. Type locality: Amerika merid. [= South America.],
<normalizedToken id="9B99873284524737211F7E9CF83C17D3" originalValue="Cachabé">Cachabe</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F98BEE3D5C7D5794A9CF173689E70ABC" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="9080B2D38510BA0A4FD6C9EE269DDAA1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus trituberculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus">Ontherus trituberculatus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="A81C6A376D10AA5436FC87A68ED1DB99" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum Bulletin" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 206 (list of species from Latin America);
<bibRefCitation id="A17E86DAAEF6FC99B9A6F91C513952E0" author="Medina, CA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="131 - 144" title="Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia." volume="2" year="2001">Medina et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 139 (cited for Colombia);
<bibRefCitation id="C307F16C51803A01F346548FF7E220FC" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Krajcik 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 174 (complete list of species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54875A1023BD76D5815B507AA510511B" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="4B051213C8986677DC3A1AEA70686E7B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus (Caelontherus) trituberculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus" subGenus="Caelontherus">Ontherus (Caelontherus) trituberculatus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="3B451AE2532906C09AA71862BEFC5B9F" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="AC1E0EC9C55BF146517AB045A8153739" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 53 (cited as new combination, redescription);
<bibRefCitation id="68331E18AE40A07B55ABE2DD6A969DA0" author="Carvajal, V" journalOrPublisher="Quito, Ecuado" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" title="Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Escuela Politecnica Nacional. Serie Entomologia, Nro. 1." year="2011">Carvajal et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 318-319 (cited for Ecuador);
<bibRefCitation id="16EF8E8EA5F3A9B1AD2899C23EA56489" author="Chamorro, W" journalOrPublisher="Revista Colombiana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" pagination="72 - 100" title="Listado de especies y clave de ge ́ neros y subge ́ neros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaei- dae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6545" volume="44" year="2018">Chamorro et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 96 (cited for Ecuador).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E378471C43F9B3ECC8CE3C6EE6CC80CE" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="type specimens">
<paragraph id="0BAE9D096E7A033C1E1809ED1FEC6230" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F0D817C241B60BD5E6E21DC20D817213" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="5A8EBC006C48C659AFD81AAED007E703" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ontherus trituberculatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trituberculatus">Ontherus trituberculatus</taxonomicName>
Balthasar, 1938
<normalizedToken id="FFBE3D541038BF552939B970A42D08B1" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
, 1996. The holotype (♂) is deposited at the SMTD (see
<bibRefCitation id="F34467644AC4340D02B7CC72360E1A89" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="8048AD32B35BC6F68BFE6BB945FDD57B" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 54). Locality:
<normalizedToken id="8DD7D254A84BED1A38B0EF20F959851B" originalValue="Cachabé">Cachabe</normalizedToken>
, not examained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC94D69684E126E7F683E39BE6281EE6" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="56F56C7049D5FAE6C6D2DD32E2A7C3EA" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECD1FF0C3DF37AE19C79CC94F31F8271" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Colombia and Ecuador.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C40349129D923E1774422515B3A8ED9" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="records examined">
<paragraph id="18931DFE3F4C23118F07FA91CDC0EA2E" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Records examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4223526395AEE75D517A066575BB497C" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
CARCHI: Maldonado, 1830 m (10 specimens CEMT; 8 specimens MQCAZ); Quinjul, 1700 m (2 specimens CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Tobar Donoso, 300 m (16 specimens MECN). EL ORO: Reserva Jocotoco, 1250 m (3 specimens MQCAZ). ESMERALDAS: Charco Vicente (21 specimens MECN; 17 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (14 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, 200 m (1 specimen MUTPL; 18 specimens MECN; 26 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, La Tabla (37 specimens MECN; 21 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Padre Santo (21 specimens MECN; 28 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Playa Rica (13 specimens MECN; 9 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro, Pote (8 specimens CEMT; 20 specimens MQCAZ); Salto del Bravo (17 specimens MECN; 10 specimens MQCAZ); Tsejpi (28 specimens MECN; 17 specimens MQCAZ). IMBABURA:
<normalizedToken id="FE12971E769B54F91FBAD86439C0445D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Getsemani, 600 m (4 specimens MQCAZ); Lita, 680 m (7 specimens MECN; 5 specimens MQCAZ). PICHINCHA: Choconde, 1200 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); El Encuentro, 620 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); El Tigre
<normalizedToken id="9CEA605C5BE535C3E3EB412916575FA7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guayllabamba, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Guayabilla
<normalizedToken id="E9C2FCB48653D731EB205EF52E9886C0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guayllabamba, 520 m, Manduriacus (1 specimen MUTPL); Llurimaguas
<normalizedToken id="A2E27C772EAA09C333CA1D296D0ECEC9" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guayllabamba, 290 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL); Mangaloma, 820 m, San Miguel de los Bancos (1 specimen MUTPL); Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 640 m (3 specimens CEMT; 5 specimens MCAZ); Tortugo
<normalizedToken id="5C41F6FB9EF86FB3CC3E5EE72D23676D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guayllabamba, 450 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (2 specimens MUTPL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="71838F90EB059BC5D9F3B512C2A2C864" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="literature records">
<paragraph id="D2F8253CF6981F65FFEA824FE4A19BDB" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Literature records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF51AF97DA1B503559598E7625F53A22" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
CARCHI: Chical, 1250 m (
<bibRefCitation id="FF0BE6587E7ABD75CDEBE5A78E57ACEE" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="9EAA825472CD2BA108E1CDF3B90D3841" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55); 18 km SE Maldonado, 2420 m (
<bibRefCitation id="A4CD853DE92A16D498031AE77D8002C9" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="4C25E2929E0BC9E9D6215B804CC0DB5D" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55). ESMERALDAS:
<normalizedToken id="46C9B56B074A79BCC34BD7F80B02AA25" originalValue="Cachabé">Cachabe</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BC3892FED717ED47D0931C2729BC14A4" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="96CE1F59C2D3EADDA32D46B6918BD145" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55). PICHINCHA: 5.3 km road to Pachija [= Pachijal], 2800-3000m (
<bibRefCitation id="CA048BB32A259A97E2C864482F98149A" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="9E7EED1BD418EE84DC7789224F568E1D" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55); 85 km NW de Quito, on Puerto Quito Rd, 1520 m (
<bibRefCitation id="5A8133B0F643649E848CF0119F9A9AEE" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="F6D98A2CD596953708623F0F55069A6D" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55); 113 km NW Quito, on Puerto Quito Rd, 790 m (
<bibRefCitation id="1B5717D63B13313E10DE9B18371A2639" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="FD75E538AADC3208762046E191A516AF" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55). PICHINCHA: [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS
<normalizedToken id="4B4E7A40C35638BD1DA7DAD84559F606" originalValue="TSÁCHILAS">TSACHILAS</normalizedToken>
]: 4 km SE Santo Domingo, 500 m (
<bibRefCitation id="3DAC00529725600B60F4C99EB12243C9" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="CE0A914EA2156B1120B0618208A7261A" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55); 16 km SE Santo Domingo, Tinalandia, 680 m (
<bibRefCitation id="DD95DAD981C69EA2813C84625C69D53D" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="155C01B9E8CB8360B026F11DA623A183" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
: 55).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6BDBE152D869CCBFDF2F6B6563622849" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="temporal data">
<paragraph id="571801F2CC9844FBCCF024A47360D5B9" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Temporal data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7125CDD67F831F4C77C92BC6AFC69CA0" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Collected in February, March, April, May, July, September, October, November, and December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDDC7302D821422BAE7827BA1E55AEC3" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="183186E460E15777144C2B53F989232C" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A9BA63E39F4FA099E1F85C8960C8400" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
Inhabits the coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 200-1250 m a.s.l. Additionally, there is a single record for this species for a locality 5.3 km along the road to Pachija [= Pachijal]. However, because this is the only record from the Andean region cited by
<bibRefCitation id="77D22F8C6D29B0FC761A083BC839AC7D" author="Genier, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 169" title="A revision of the neotropical genus Ontherus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)." volume="170" year="1996">
<normalizedToken id="7B9D93839946D8A07277279FCCD7133F" originalValue="Génier">Genier</normalizedToken>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
, it may be erroneous. Collected with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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