432 lines
74 KiB
XML
432 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="B1BEAF1580036C8E8039AE7C34BFF270" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4282.1.5SLASH11473" ID-CLB-Dataset="28746" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4282.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa29bec9-6ecd-43d2-9e02-865e9f5599dc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="818471" ID-ZooBank="049026D4-2D2E-4443-98ED-FD7B4320A976" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1498475308566" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rosso, Antonietta, Sciuto, Francesco, Sanfilippo, Rossana & Jones, Mary Spencer" docDate="2017" docId="C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4282.1.5SLASH11473.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4282 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Arbocuspis multicornis Bock 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="3D25FFF1FFAEFF95FFFD223DFF80FFCE" masterDocTitle="The bryozoan genus Arbocuspis (Cheilostomata, Electridae) from the Indian Ocean, with description of a new species from off southwestern Thailand, Andaman Sea" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1698449629543" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="18A7121E44404A673EF5A00A6D2EABA7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="005D366CB936A9B44F8783C461925143">
|
||
<mods:title id="F1B824E8096B43E205B0887ED7F9D697">The bryozoan genus Arbocuspis (Cheilostomata, Electridae) from the Indian Ocean, with description of a new species from off southwestern Thailand, Andaman Sea</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="084FCD0D9C8AC78BAA1B4B72B0574AED" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3F996267AB00E91C4D05D4CDC91BB48F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="213E09E38EEF96C4A31158AA55EE0570">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="248B4D0210B81DA709454928490B7F35">Rosso, Antonietta</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5B32C035B3A2F7D19D98719359C4198C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9BDEE8EF555ACB69F18A25B225222311">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3733B7374955DD073CAC0BBBDFB66242">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="683DD5C07755D84E1D28AA88120C712D">Sciuto, Francesco</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1D7DAAD4EA845B16E487B0F8E34FEBE3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6BFE23A0AD0520C92768DEB488174EDA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FA2F4AA3C1E104D0C6DB91AF856C0FBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F471394C8D9B5423F2853F179A70907D">Sanfilippo, Rossana</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A9802C1A03F60F4FB2D7899E4D490959" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C13E5FB77FA1CFA962EB3A454A376C79">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1C7AE4EC3ED8FB6021E11C12FDEA923C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D0BCC8671E2ED5AAABBD9E591685B327">Jones, Mary Spencer</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="5F37C2A5510EC1503A262C8EE0EE515D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3A55238A85B3BD42059A5DB6CA4938E1" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E9A1D46F1891BC01BFDA78F1A7C42B13">
|
||
<mods:title id="9FE31AB3B977F803E8AF4FC5C9141F29">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E3BB3C122AF4D0602E501A064445BEA2">
|
||
<mods:date id="FF1D455792AC0A6E2303D29E5BC1E9DB">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4668FB2727B48E2071C68F8859AE9E5D" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="EC026BFAEA2FD43E640F72AFBE058D79">4282</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="01B8B17F75A446D7FB011CA427040F57" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="7D452F0BEDE9C5891695FD4AEDE1E387">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="91BC01BB7C82586725A179E40BD85DAF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="73C5667CD2D8DDB6A1BAA3347DFD31FE">95</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="AADA911CABB027BA2A47219208711265">110</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6601CF0B54B691456A6B1021EBDDB2D0">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E6A6D785DF0F88D81572BB93DA5697D2" type="CLB-Dataset">28746</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F897DA39B447F36D2E009C233B064887" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4282.1.5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9A4234B0F301914E7C286DAE964419A4" type="GBIF-Dataset">aa29bec9-6ecd-43d2-9e02-865e9f5599dc</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6CBFB601254EC08A8F23FC13D5FBCCEB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3F3DFF9C988A11E6E75E154DE07DAD7D" type="Zenodo-Dep">818471</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0DD5E137DD202664EDFE15E6F62AA6CB" type="ZooBank">049026D4-2D2E-4443-98ED-FD7B4320A976</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6001251" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150729332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6001251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AF6514FFA7FF9CFF6A2001FEA7FDB6" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF6A2001FDEBFD99" blockId="9.[151,619,572,632]" box="[151,619,572,599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<heading id="124281F3FFA7FF9CFF6A2001FDEBFD99" bold="true" box="[151,619,572,599]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA7FF9CFF6A2001FDEBFD99" authority="Hincks, 1881" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,619,572,599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFF6A2001FDEBFD99" bold="true" box="[151,619,572,599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFF6A2001FE30FD98" bold="true" box="[151,432,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Arbocuspis multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA7FF9CFE422000FDE3FD99" author="Hincks" box="[447,611,573,599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF6A2062FEA7FDB6" blockId="9.[151,619,572,632]" box="[151,295,607,632]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFF622062FE9FFDB6" box="[159,287,607,632]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStart-1="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,264,837,860]" captionTargetBox-0="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 36 – 38. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), Holotype from an unknown Australian locality, NHMUK 1899.5. 1.690, photos: msj 0 5442, 0 5445 and 0 5444, courtesy of the Natural History Museum of London. 36. A large multiserial lobe of the colony. 37. Lateral view of some zooids to show the branching spines arching on the opesia and the prominent gymnocystal spines. 38. Frontal view of some zooids with three but also only two branching spines. Scale bars: 36, 0.500 mm; 37, 0.200 mm; 38, 0.100 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/818487/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Figs 26–38</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AF6514FFA7FF9CFF6A209FFCADFD19" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF6A209FFCADFD19" blockId="9.[151,816,674,727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="69A511B1FFA7FF9CFF6A209FFCADFD19" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA7FF9CFF6A209FFD63FD76" authority="Hincks, 1881: 149" authorityName="Hincks" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,739,674,696]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="bellula" variety="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFF6A209FFEFCFD76" box="[151,380,674,696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Membranipora bellula</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFE50209FFDA1FD76" box="[429,545,674,696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C814108EFFA7FF9CFDDB209FFD63FD76" author="Hincks" box="[550,739,674,696]" page="149" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" year="1881">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA7FF9CFDDB209FFD31FD76" author="Hincks" box="[550,689,674,696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 149
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 4b
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA7FF9CFF6A20FCFE10FD19" ID-CoL="396Q3" authority="Hincks" authorityName="Hincks. Indeed, Haswell" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,400,705,727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bellula">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFF6A20FCFEAEFD19" box="[151,302,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Electra bellula</emphasis>
|
||
(Hincks)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C814108EFFA7FF9CFE6720FCFD21FD19" author="Hayward" box="[410,673,705,727]" page="1995" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA7FF9CFE6720FCFD21FD19" author="Hayward" box="[410,673,705,727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1995) Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 533 - 573. Avaliable from: https: // archive. org / stream / biostor- 105174 / biostor- 105174 _ djvu. txt (Accessed 22 Jun. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward & Ryland: 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 537, fig. 4A.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AF6514FFA7FF9CFF6A20C3FE8CFC4F" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF6A20C3FE8CFC4F" blockId="9.[151,1437,766,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F9DD3CC2FFA7FF9CFF6A20C3FE8CFC4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950903763" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Australia" location="Coral Bay" municipality="Australian" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" specimenCode="NHMUK 1899.5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFF6A20C3FE00FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,384,766,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="960E883DFFA7FF9CFE7A20C3FE6EFCD8" box="[391,494,766,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFE7A20C3FE6EFCD8" box="[391,494,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="19139EE4FFA7FF9CFE0120C2FD3DFCD9" box="[508,701,766,791]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<collectionCode id="2FA4AE5AFFA7FF9CFE0120C2FDE6FCD8" box="[508,614,767,790]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1899.5
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.1.690, lobes of a partly preserved colony on an algal thallus from unknown
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A96EACE5FFA7FF9CFEF7211FFEFFFCF5" box="[266,383,802,827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Australian</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
locality, Recent. PMC.
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFD67211FFC17FCF4" box="[666,919,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Additional specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
Rosso
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31A2760FFFA7FF9CFC0C211FFBD8FCF5" box="[1009,1112,802,827]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Collection, H.B.73 a: three colonies encrusting a soft algal lamina washed on the beach at
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA7FF9CFCA52178FC4CFC90" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA7FF9CFCA52178FC4CFC90" box="[856,972,837,862]" country="Australia" municipality="Australian" name="Coral Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" stateProvince="Western Australia">Coral Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B71F87DFFA7FF9CFC2A217BFB23FC90" box="[983,1187,837,862]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 23°142’ S, 113° 769’ E, Recent.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AF6514FFA7FF9FFF3A21B1FB54FE3F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF3A21B1FF5AFB98" blockId="9.[151,1437,766,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA7FF9CFF3A21B1FED9FC6B" bold="true" box="[199,345,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, pauci– to multiserial, fan–shaped to stellate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFB4221B1FA94FC6B" box="[1215,1300,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
); lobes may rapidly increase in width, to include more than 20 transversal zooidal rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFC0E2192FBC8FC06" box="[1011,1096,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
); zooids usually alternating in contiguous rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFE9D21EEFE65FC22" box="[352,485,979,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Figs 28–32</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first lobe is produced distally to the ancestrula and a second one grows in the opposite direction, budded from a lateral zooid from the first lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFC5C21CBFC78FBC1" box="[929,1016,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional lobes (up to four in the present material) may start from near the ancestrula, produced from zooids situated along the edges of previous lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF3A265CFD65FA13" blockId="9.[151,1437,766,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Autozooids lightly calcified, whitish and vitreous, with lateral boundaries marked by thin furrows and transversal boundaries coincident with the distal rim of the opesia and opercula, but not visible along the edges of the lobes. Autozooids elongate, 0.331–0.537; 0.451±
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA7FF9CFD132695FCE2FB0E" box="[750,866,1192,1217]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.048">0.048 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and 0.171–0.228; 0.203±
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA7FF9CFB3B2695FABAFB0E" box="[1222,1338,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.013">0.013 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, at their mid high. Opesium distal, pyriform, narrower distally than proximally, and rounded to elongated 0.154– 0.261; 0.222±
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA7FF9CFECE26D2FE26FAC9" box="[307,422,1263,1288]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.026">0.026 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and nearly as wide as zooids. Opesia of zooids located along the lobe edges, varying in a narrower range (0.162–0.211; 0.188±0.012). Proximal gymnocyst occupying one third to half of zooidal length, 0.176–0.285;
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA7FF9CFE77270AFDAAFA80" box="[394,554,1335,1359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7114" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="0.0228" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="17.114" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="0.228">0.228±34 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, proximally ending as one or two deeply wedged portions lateral to the opesium of the preceding zooid. Gymnocyst narrow (
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA7FF9CFD172767FC2DFABC" box="[746,941,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.015" valueMax="0.02" valueMin="0.01">0.010–0.020 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and deeply sloping laterally, usually absent distally in correspondence of the opesia. Gymnocyst more extensively developed along outer sides of zooids forming the lobes’ edges. Surface smooth, occasionally slightly undulated transversally. Cryptocyst absent. Opesium bordered by a thin raised gymnocystal rim.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF3A27D5FA10F8F1" blockId="9.[151,1437,766,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
In most zooids three large calcified branching spines are placed close to the proximal rim of the opesia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFA9727DAFF60F9ED" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Figs 28–29</figureCitation>
|
||
), overarching the frontal membrane, and bending distally towards the base of the operculum, as a cage–like shield protecting the frontal membrane. Spines show robust and flat main branches, which are longitudinally parallel to each other or slightly curved laterally. Central spines branch after their mid–length, bifurcating two-tothree times, usually giving raise to eight pointed tips. Lateral spines branch at about the same level to the central ones, forming median larger branches bifurcating often nearly symmetrically, plus smaller lateral branches, which bifurcate less and more irregularly, with several tips bending laterally and even proximally. Four and even five spines have been observed on some zooids clustered in the older parts of some lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA7FF9CFBB224E2FB51F936" box="[1103,1233,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">Figs 31–32</figureCitation>
|
||
). These spines are in close contact to each other to form a nearly continuous roof over the frontal membrane; each spine extensively branches, including a trifurcation pattern. Two spines were seen only on the first couple of periancestrular zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA7FF9CFF3A2576FAF5F83F" blockId="9.[151,1437,766,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="104">
|
||
In addition, robust elongate conical spines, up to
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA7FF9CFD122577FC2EF8AC" box="[751,942,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.06">0.060–0.070 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, usually forming at a right angle to the frontal surface, are located proximally on the gymnocyst of each zooid (usually reducing from four to two on coupled zooids at the beginning of new rows), the most proximal one(s) placed lateral to the orifice of the preceding zooid, and slightly converging towards midline. These spines give the impression of being oral spines during initial observations. One to five additional, shorter and thinner spines may be present on the gymnocyst.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A22AAFC59FF36" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Kenozooids not observed, but incomplete abutting zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFC8C22AAFC46FF7E" box="[881,966,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
) may be present along the lobes’ edges, generated distolaterrally to a zooid and coupled with a zooid. They have an extensive gymnocyst usually with a single proximal spine and are closed by a distal, askew placed, membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A233EFEDFFEAD" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Communication pores were not observed. Budding loci scattered along the walls of marginal zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFAC6233EFA0FFED5" box="[1339,1423,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). New branches seem to arise from them, starting with a single zooid growing opposite to the growing direction of the previous lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A2353FB54FE3F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Ancestrulae were damaged and only visible in one colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFC972353FC6DFE49" box="[874,1005,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[294,1284,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H. B. 73 a: 26, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in 27) from a bud along a previous lobe; 28 – 29, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (28) and inclined (29) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula; 30 – 32, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (30) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in 31 and 32) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane; 33, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls; 34 – 3 5, general view (34) and detail (35) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24 – 25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26 – 27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34 - 35, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Figs 34–35</figureCitation>
|
||
), consisting of a large rounded (
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA4FF9FFAA62353FF43FE64" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4499999999999997" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="0.345">0.345 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="8E4D9B7AFFA4FF9FFECF23AFFE24FE64" box="[306,420,402,426]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" unit="mm" value="0.348">0.348 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) flat lightly calcified bulge ending distally in a fissure-like opening ornamented with spines. Possible vertical walls seem to be present internally, only visible through the light microscope. From the ancestrula two zooids are distally budded, which are decidedly smaller than the subsequent ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AF6514FFA4FF9FFF3A23C0FC1BF865" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A23C0FE65FBE0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F9DD3CC2FFA4FF9FFF3A23C0FE65FBE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1950903901" county="Coral Bay" location="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFF3A23C0FEBBFDD8" bold="true" box="[199,315,509,534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The recently collected specimens from
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFCE823C0FC0CFDD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFCE823C0FC0CFDD8" box="[789,908,509,534]" county="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" name="Coral Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Western Australia">Coral Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B71F87DFFA4FF9FFC6123C3FBEDFDD8" box="[924,1133,509,534]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, fit well to the characters observable on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="960E883DFFA4FF9FFE8B201FFE26FDF4" box="[374,422,546,570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFDD9201CFD2DFDF4" box="[548,685,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="12.[151,264,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), Holotype from an unknown Australian locality, NHMUK 1899.5. 1.690, photos: msj 0 5442, 0 5445 and 0 5444, courtesy of the Natural History Museum of London. 36. A large multiserial lobe of the colony. 37. Lateral view of some zooids to show the branching spines arching on the opesia and the prominent gymnocystal spines. 38. Frontal view of some zooids with three but also only two branching spines. Scale bars: 36, 0.500 mm; 37, 0.200 mm; 38, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFDD9201CFDD6FDF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFDD9201CFDD6FDF4" box="[548,598,545,570]" county="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" name="Figs" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Western Australia">Figs</location>
|
||
36–38
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and to the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFB9C201CFE3CFD93" authority="Hincks, 1881" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1881" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="bellula" variety="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFB9C201CFAE6FDF7" box="[1121,1382,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Membranipora bellula</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFF6A2078FE97FD93" box="[151,279,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFEDF2079FE3CFD93" author="Hincks" box="[290,444,580,605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the ‘
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFDDB2079FD1BFD93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFDDB2079FD1BFD93" box="[550,667,580,605]" county="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" name="Opercular" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Western Australia">Opercular</location>
|
||
spines 3–5, placed closely together, their numerous dichotomous branchlets combining to form a beautiful protective shield, which extends to the base of the oral valve’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFAB92055FF53FD6B" author="Hincks" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881">
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFAB92055FA18FD4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFAB92055FA18FD4F" box="[1348,1432,616,641]" county="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" name="Hincks" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Western Australia">Hincks</location>
|
||
, 1881
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFF1620B1FEBAFD6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFF1620B1FEBAFD6B" box="[235,314,652,677]" county="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" name="Indeed" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Western Australia">Indeed</location>
|
||
, three-to-five spines have been observed on zooids from
|
||
<location id="4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFC1F20B1FBDAFD6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C11C8789FFA7FF99FF6A2001FB88FF39:4C6A6044FFA4FF9FFC1F20B1FBDAFD6B" box="[994,1114,652,677]" county="Coral Bay" municipality="Coral Bay" name="Coral Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" stateProvince="Western Australia">Coral Bay</location>
|
||
. Nevertheless, some zooids placed near to the growing edge, in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="960E883DFFA4FF9FFD9F2092FD47FD06" box="[610,711,687,712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, show only two branched spines, which still exhibit strong and flattened longitudinally elongated main branches, and the branching pattern characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFB2E20E9FAF6FD22" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[1235,1398,724,748]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFB2E20E9FAF6FD22" box="[1235,1398,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A certain difference relates to the length of the gymnocystal spines encircling the orifices, which are somewhat smaller than those visible on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="960E883DFFA4FF9FFDF92126FDE6FCFA" box="[516,614,795,820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFD882126FD46FCFD" box="[629,710,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="12.[151,264,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), Holotype from an unknown Australian locality, NHMUK 1899.5. 1.690, photos: msj 0 5442, 0 5445 and 0 5444, courtesy of the Natural History Museum of London. 36. A large multiserial lobe of the colony. 37. Lateral view of some zooids to show the branching spines arching on the opesia and the prominent gymnocystal spines. 38. Frontal view of some zooids with three but also only two branching spines. Scale bars: 36, 0.500 mm; 37, 0.200 mm; 38, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
) and mostly than those figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFBB52126FAC3FCFA" author="Hincks" box="[1096,1347,795,820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="b">Hincks (1881: fig. 4b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFAB02126FF61FC99" author="Hincks" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also illustrated a sporadic very long gymnocystal spine, which has been never observed in the examined material from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A96EACE5FFA4FF9FFEC4215FFE2DFCB5" box="[313,429,866,891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Coral Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, and is actually lacking on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="960E883DFFA4FF9FFCF1215FFCEEFCB5" box="[780,878,866,891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFC68215EFBB5FCB5" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[917,1077,867,891]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFC68215EFBB5FCB5" box="[917,1077,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the morphology of the branched spines forming a heavy cage–like roof above the opesia is remarkably distinctive for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFB0121BAFA1BFC50" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[1276,1435,902,926]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFB0121BAFA1BFC50" box="[1276,1435,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allows to easily distinguish the species from all other congeners. The opesium is more rounded in the material from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A06B4E13FFA4FF9FFF2421F0FED0FC29" box="[217,336,973,999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Coral Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
, and more elongated in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="960E883DFFA4FF9FFD6221F0FC81FC28" box="[671,769,973,998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFCE921F0FC15FC28" box="[788,917,973,998]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="12.[151,264,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,303,816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881), Holotype from an unknown Australian locality, NHMUK 1899.5. 1.690, photos: msj 0 5442, 0 5445 and 0 5444, courtesy of the Natural History Museum of London. 36. A large multiserial lobe of the colony. 37. Lateral view of some zooids to show the branching spines arching on the opesia and the prominent gymnocystal spines. 38. Frontal view of some zooids with three but also only two branching spines. Scale bars: 36, 0.500 mm; 37, 0.200 mm; 38, 0.100 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Figs 37-38</figureCitation>
|
||
), although not so markedly as suggested by Hincks’ (1881) drawings. However, the examination of further material would be useful for evaluating the possible erection of a separate species.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A2604FA08FB57" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Similarities exist mostly between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFDB12604FD66FB9F" authority="Rosso & Sciuto & Sanfilippo & Jones, 2017" authorityName="Rosso & Sciuto & Sanfilippo & Jones" authorityYear="2017" box="[588,742,1081,1105]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="emanuelae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFDB12604FD66FB9F" box="[588,742,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. emanuelae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60F257F6FFA4FF9FFD0D2607FCAEFB9F" box="[752,814,1082,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFC942604FB8AFB9F" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[873,1034,1081,1105]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFC942604FB8AFB9F" box="[873,1034,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have a high number of spines starting proximally to the opesium. Nevertheless, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFD162660FC04FBBB" authority="Rosso & Sciuto & Sanfilippo & Jones, 2017" authorityName="Rosso & Sciuto & Sanfilippo & Jones" authorityYear="2017" box="[747,900,1117,1141]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="emanuelae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFD162660FC04FBBB" box="[747,900,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. emanuelae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60F257F6FFA4FF9FFC712660FC4AFBBA" box="[908,970,1117,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
only the two lateral–distal spines branch whereas the other ones end in a single point. Furthermore, the opesial rim is thin and elevated but not crenulated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A2699FAAFF97F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Originally described in 1881 from an unknown Australian locality (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFC252699FBF5FB73" author="Hincks" box="[984,1141,1188,1213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hincks, T. H. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. IV. Foreign Membraniporina (second series). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (7), 147 - 161." type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFB712698FAADFB72" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[1164,1325,1188,1212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFB712698FAADFB72" box="[1164,1325,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been virtually never recorded since then. The material described and figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFC1226FAFAA1FB2E" author="Hayward" box="[1007,1313,1223,1248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1995) Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 533 - 573. Avaliable from: https: // archive. org / stream / biostor- 105174 / biostor- 105174 _ djvu. txt (Accessed 22 Jun. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward & Ryland (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFAB426F5FED0FACA" authority="Hincks" authorityName="Hincks. Indeed, Haswell" authorityYear="1881" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bellula">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFAB426F5FF65FACA" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Electra bellula</emphasis>
|
||
(Hincks)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA4FF9FFE5D26D6FE65FACA" box="[416,485,1259,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1115,1138]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1094]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1094]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 4. Arbocuspis emanuelae n. sp. from Station BN 28, Phuket, Thailand, Holotype, PMC. B 20. 28.6.2008 a, colony morphology: 2, one of the largest lobes, whose growth is regulated by the insertion of kenozooids terminal to most zooidal rows (black arrow). New thin lobes start from few zooids (white arrowed); 3, lobe of a ‘ regenerated’ colony with the typical budding pattern leading to the formation of transversal zooidal rows. 4, a colony portion starting from a uniserial chain of zooids showing a trifurcation with formation of a main central lobe, and secondary lateral lobes from single diverging zooids, one possibly abutting (arrowed); Scale bars: 2, 1 mm; 3 – 4, 0.500 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818475/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), however, clearly belongs to this species. Its origin from Heron Island, off East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31A2760FFFA4FF9FFF6A2732FF7EFAE6" box="[151,254,1295,1320]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the Pacific Ocean, suggests that Hincks’ material (from an unknown Australian locality) was collected near that area.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFEC2270EFDEEFA82" author="Hayward" box="[319,622,1331,1356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1995) Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. 2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 533 - 573. Avaliable from: https: // archive. org / stream / biostor- 105174 / biostor- 105174 _ djvu. txt (Accessed 22 Jun. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1995">Hayward & Ryland (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also accepted the suggestion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFC1D270EFB38FA85" author="Livingstone" box="[992,1208,1331,1356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Livingstone, A. A. (1927) Studies on Australian Bryozoa, n. 5. A check list of the marine Bryozoa of Qeensland. Records of the Australian Museum, 1, 50 - 69." type="journal article" year="1927">Livingstone (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFB0F270EFE4DFAA1" authority="Haswell, 1881" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1881" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFB0F270EFE95FAA1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Membranipora cervicornis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFEDF276BFE4DFAA1" author="Haswell" box="[290,461,1366,1391]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1881) On some Polyzoa from the Queensland Coast. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 5, 33 - 44." type="journal article" year="1881">Haswell, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported again from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B71F87DFFA4FF9FFD25276BFCDFFAA1" box="[728,863,1366,1391]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, is conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFBA02765FEC6FA5D" authority="Hincks. Indeed, Haswell (1881)" authorityName="Hincks. Indeed, Haswell" authorityYear="1881" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bellula">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFBA02765FB58FAA1" box="[1117,1240,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">M. bellula</emphasis>
|
||
Hincks. Indeed,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFF6A2747FEC6FA5D" author="Haswell" box="[151,326,1402,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1881) On some Polyzoa from the Queensland Coast. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 5, 33 - 44." type="journal article" year="1881">Haswell (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFE3E2746FDE9FA5C" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1881" box="[451,617,1403,1426]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFE3E2746FDE9FA5C" box="[451,617,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">M. cervicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having ‘the aperture protected by three to five closely approximated branching, antler–like process (sic), which arise from one side of the cell and almost entirely hide the mouth’. Consequently, it is possible that those colonies were conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFC4B27FFFBD6FA14" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[950,1110,1474,1498]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFC4B27FFFBD6FA14" box="[950,1110,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The identity of populations encrusting the thallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFE4D27DBFDAFFA30" authorityName="C.A. Agardh" authorityYear="1823" box="[432,559,1510,1534]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cymodoceaceae" genus="Amphibolis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFE4D27DBFDAFFA30" box="[432,559,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Amphibolis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFD6D27DAFC9AFA30" box="[656,794,1511,1534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dictyopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFD6D27DAFC9AFA30" box="[656,794,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Dictyopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. algae from Perth, analysed for clearance capacity by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFF6A2434FE50F9EC" author="Lisbjerg" box="[151,464,1545,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Lisbjerg, D. & Peterson, J. K. (2000) Clearance capacity of Electra bellula (Bryozoa) in seagrass meadows of Western Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 244, 285 - 296." type="journal article" year="2000">Lisbjerg & Peterson (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and indicated as the variety
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFCE12434FC1BF9EF" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[796,923,1545,1569]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFCE12434FC1BF9EF" box="[796,923,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFC392437FBB2F9EF" authorityName="Hincks. Indeed, Haswell" authorityYear="1881" box="[964,1074,1545,1569]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bellula">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFC392437FBB2F9EF" box="[964,1074,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">E. bellula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, remains to be ascertained. The specimen from Saint Francis Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B71F87DFFA4FF9FFDBF2410FD74F988" box="[578,756,1581,1606]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31A2760FFFA4FF9FFD702410FD74F988" box="[653,756,1581,1606]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFC822410FB90F988" author="Bock" box="[895,1040,1581,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Bock, P. E. (2016) The Bryozoa Home Page. Available from: http: // bryozoa. net / (accessed 6 May 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">Bock (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has been considered similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFA792413FE97F9A7" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFA792413FE97F9A7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, only two, particularly slender and relatively poorly branched spines, which only partly cover the markedly elongated opesia, are present on these zooids. Owing to these differences, this specimen could belong to a different species whose identity needs to be ascertained after examination of further material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA4FF9FFF3A2481FC1BF865" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The ancestrula is figured for the first time not only for the species, but also for the genus. It differs greatly from already known ancestrulae in cheilostome bryozoans and from that reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFBE324E2FB76F936" box="[1054,1270,1759,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Vieira, L. M., Almeida, A. C. S. & Winston, J. E. (2016) Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceio, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina. Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 59 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.1.3" type="journal article">
|
||
Vieira
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFB9624DCFB24F936" box="[1131,1188,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFADA24DDFA15F936" authorityName="Hincks. Indeed, Haswell" authorityYear="1881" box="[1319,1429,1760,1784]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Electra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bellula">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFADA24DDFA15F936" box="[1319,1429,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. bellula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is described as having a gymnocyst smaller than autozooids and possessing eight spines. Single ancestrulae have been also reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFE52251AFDFCF88E" author="Vieira" box="[431,636,1831,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Vieira, L. M., Almeida, A. C. S. & Winston, J. E. (2016) Taxonomy of intertidal cheilostome Bryozoa of Maceio, northeastern Brazil. Part 1: Suborders Inovicellina, Malacostegina and Thalamoporellina. Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 59 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.1.3" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Vieira
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFE012515FDB4F8F1" box="[508,564,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) although not figured for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFC632515FB99F8F1" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1881" box="[926,1049,1831,1855]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFC632515FB99F8F1" box="[926,1049,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA4FF9FFBB22515FB42F8F1" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1940" box="[1103,1218,1832,1855]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFBB22515FB42F8F1" box="[1103,1218,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">A. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Somewhat similar ancestrulae were recognized and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFD592576FCB3F8AA" author="Cook" box="[676,819,1867,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Cook, P. L. (1985) Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary Survey. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Sciences Zoologiques, 238, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1985">Cook (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from not clearly identifiable colonies belonging to ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA4FF9FFA792571FF6EF849" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="105">E. bellula’</emphasis>
|
||
from the ‘British Museum Collection’. Nevertheless, the swollen bulging ancestrula from Coral Bay is larger than those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D244B6EFFA4FF9FFE1025AFFDFBF865" author="Cook" box="[493,635,1938,1963]" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refString="Cook, P. L. (1985) Bryozoa from Ghana. A preliminary Survey. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Sciences Zoologiques, 238, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1985">Cook (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as 0.200-0.300 mm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1DCA6617FFA5FF9EFF6A24B9FB11F822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" targetBox="[294,1284,193,1648]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA5FF9EFF6A24B9FB11F822" blockId="11.[151,1436,1668,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFF6A24B9FED7F954" bold="true" box="[151,343,1668,1691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">FIGURES 26–35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA5FF9EFE9D24B8FD75F955" authority="Hincks, 1881" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[352,757,1669,1691]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFE9D24B8FDCEF955" box="[352,590,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">Arbocuspis multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hincks, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, PMC. Rosso Australia Collection, H.B.73 a:
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFB2024B8FB76F954" bold="true" box="[1245,1270,1669,1690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">26</emphasis>
|
||
, stellate colony consisting of four lobes diverging from a damaged ancestrula. Note as the top-right branch grows in opposite direction (enlarged in
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFEEA24FCFEB8F916" bold="true" box="[279,312,1729,1752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">27)</emphasis>
|
||
from a bud along a previous lobe;
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFD6024FFFD5CF919" bold="true" box="[669,732,1730,1752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">28–29</emphasis>
|
||
, group of zooids from the same colony seen from the above (
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFAB224FFFAE8F919" bold="true" box="[1359,1384,1730,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">28</emphasis>
|
||
) and inclined (
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFF0724DCFE93F938" bold="true" box="[250,275,1761,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">29</emphasis>
|
||
) to show the bending of the three branching spines originating proximally to the edge of the opesium and the length of the gymnocystal spines frontally projecting from both lateral sides of the opercula;
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFBB524C2FB07F8DA" bold="true" box="[1096,1159,1791,1813]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">30–32</emphasis>
|
||
, large fan-shaped lobe of a second colony in which only few zooids near the growing edge have three spines (
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFC0C2523FB8AF8FD" bold="true" box="[1009,1034,1822,1843]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">30</emphasis>
|
||
) whereas large plagues of aged zooids (enlarged in
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFEEA2500FEB1F89C" bold="true" box="[279,305,1853,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">31</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFE9E2500FEFCF89C" bold="true" box="[355,380,1853,1874]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">32</emphasis>
|
||
) show four or five branched spines forming a nearly continuous, paisley designed, roof over the frontal membrane;
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFEEC2561FEAAF8BF" bold="true" box="[273,298,1884,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">33</emphasis>
|
||
, close-up of the lateral edge of a colony branch, showing an abutting zooid only consisting of an incomplete gymnocystal portion distally closed by a membrane. Note some budding loci along marginal zooidal walls;
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFAFE2547FA9CF841" bold="true" box="[1283,1308,1914,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">34</emphasis>
|
||
–3
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFAC82547FAC2F841" bold="true" box="[1333,1346,1914,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">5</emphasis>
|
||
, general view (
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFF2A25A4FF70F860" bold="true" box="[215,240,1945,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">34</emphasis>
|
||
) and detail (
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA5FF9EFE8925A4FE0DF860" bold="true" box="[372,397,1945,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="106">35</emphasis>
|
||
) of the sole observed giant ancestrula from a third colony, including a very extensive bulging flat sac bordered by an unknown number of spines, from which two zooids originate, smaller than the subsequent ones. Scale bars: 22, 1 mm; 23, 0.100 mm; 24–25, 28, 30, 33, 0.200 mm; 26–27, 32, 0.500 mm; 29, 31, 34-35, 0.100 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01AF6514FFA2FF99FF3A22AAFB88FF39" pageId="12" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="490A369FFFA2FF99FF3A22AAFB88FF39" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA2FF99FF3A22AAFEE0FF7E" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="107">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on previous records
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EB54D1CFFA2FF99FD6722A5FCBAFF7E" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="2016" box="[666,826,152,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Electridae" genus="Arbocuspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="107" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="multicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BC1EA8DFFA2FF99FD6722A5FCBAFF7E" box="[666,826,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="107">A. multicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared restricted to the eastern Australian coasts in the Pacific Ocean. The present finding extends its distribution to the western coasts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31A2760FFFA2FF99FB6D2281FB79FF1B" box="[1168,1273,188,213]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="107">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the Indian Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D18E2A1AFFA2FF99FF1322E2FEAFFF36" box="[238,303,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1663,1685]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,953,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,953,1639]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the spatial distribution of all species presently attributed to Arbocuspis Nikulina, 2010. The position of Equator and Tropics is indicated. Open circles, Arbocuspis bellula (Hincks, 1881); Open circles with lateral black dot, Arbocuspis bellula (Hincks, 1881) sensu lato; Diamonds, Arbocuspis bicornis (Hincks, 1881); Solid circles, Arbocuspis multicornis (Hincks, 1881); Triangles, Arbocuspis ramosa (Osburn, 1940); Star, Arbocuspis emanuelae n. sp.; Inverted triangle Arbocuspis sp. cf. A. multicornis sensu Bock (2016) [1, Hincks (1881)], [2, Haswell (1881)], [3, Hastings (1930)], [4, Marcus (1937; 1941)], [5, Osburn (1940)], [6, Lagaaij (1963)], [7, Winston (1982)], [8, Cook (1985)], [9, Hayward & Ryland (1995)]; [10, Gordon et al. (2007)], [11, Gordon 2016], [12, Vieira et al. (2016)], [13, Bock (2016)], and [14, this study]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/818473/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species seems associated to macroalgae in shallow waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |