187 lines
18 KiB
XML
187 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753" ID-PMC="PMC3804768" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-332-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" ID-PubMed="24163583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577540" ModsDocID="1313-2970-332-95" checkinTime="1451246929074" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barney, Robert J., LeSage, Laurent & Savard, Karine" docDate="2013" docId="B93D0F2CA09DBDDE6FE5E6D24975B884" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 332: 95-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 332" docPubDate="2013-09-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753" docTitle="Pachybrachis luridus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC" masterDocTitle="Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1668156466159" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barney, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States 25112 - 1000</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rbarney@wvstateu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>LeSage, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Savard, Karine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-09-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>332</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>175</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.4753</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-332-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9C1CE036FFBF8D66FF024F74FFB0FFCC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577540</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B93D0F2CA09DBDDE6FE5E6D24975B884" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B93D0F2CA09DBDDE6FE5E6D24975B884" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B93D0F2C-A09D-BDDE-6FE5-E6D24975B884" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachybrachis luridus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridus">Pachybrachis luridus (Fabricius, 1798)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 7" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Habitus 7. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis luridus. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20914" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Habitus 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 7" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Map 7. The known distribution of Pachybrachis luridus in eastern Canada. Carolinian Zone in dark beige." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20940" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">; Map 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Elytral punctures and coloration: a in rows in deep striae, Pachybrachis luctuosus b confused in basal half, in rows in apical half, Pachybrachis calcaratus c all confused, Pachybrachis hepaticus d confused and mottled, Pachybrachis spumarius e vittate with marginal vitta interrupted, Pachybrachis bivattatus f black, margined with yellow, Pachybrachis nigriconis carbonarius g entirely black, Pachybrachis luridus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20864" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">; Figure 7g</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cryptocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridus">Cryptocephalus luridus</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1798: 109.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cryptocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">Cryptocephalus femoratus</taxonomicName>
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Say, 1824: 439.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cryptocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aesculi">Cryptocephalus aesculi</taxonomicName>
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F. E. Melsheimer, 1847: 171.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moerens">Pachybrachys moerens</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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, 1857: 63.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridus">Pachybrachys luridus</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Pachybrachis nigrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Blatchley, 1910: 1130.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridus">Pachybrachys luridus</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Pachybrachis festivus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fall, 1915: 470.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="recognition">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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Body dull black, densely, coarsely punctured; pronotum black with anterior median line and sides red or reddish yellow, varying to almost entirely red; elytra mottled with yellow, especially toward sides, varying to entirely yellow to entirely black (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Habitus 7" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Habitus 7. Dorsal habitus of Pachybrachis luridus. Scale bar, 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20914" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Habitus 7</figureCitation>
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); front claws of male much enlarged (as in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Claws: a, b front claws enlarged c, d normal." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20861" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Figure 4a</figureCitation>
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); male size medium: length 2.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.23 mm, width 1.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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Occuring in the eastern half of the United States (
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<bibRefCitation author="Riley, EG" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterists Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="146" refId="B167" refString="Riley, EG, Clark, SM, Seeno, TN, 2003. Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society 1, 290 pp." title="Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae)." volume="1" year="2003">Riley et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) to the Rocky Mountains, but in Canada restricted to the Carolinian Life Zone of southern Ontario (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 7" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Map 7. The known distribution of Pachybrachis luridus in eastern Canada. Carolinian Zone in dark beige." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20940" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Map 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">ONTARIO: Essex Co., Ojibway, 9.VI.1943, S. D. Hicks [1♀, CNC]; Lambton Co., Grand Bend, 20.VII.1930, G. E. Shewell [1♀, CNC]; Simcoe Co., 19.VI.1939, G. S. Walley [1♀, CNC]; Toronto Co., Toronto, 26.VI.1896, C. T. Hills [2♂ 2♀, LEM]; same data, except 15-30.VI.1927, L. J. Milne [1♀, UNHC]; same data, except F. Knab [29♂ 20♀, USNM]; Toronto, High Park, 4.VI.1897 [3♂ 2♀, ROM]; Unknown Co., Black Creek, 14.VI.1897 [1♀, ROM]; Springfield [2♀, ROM]; Can., G. M. Greene [1♂, USNM].</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="23" pageNumber="118" type="host plants">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="118">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="23" pageNumber="118">
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No plant association records were available from Canadian specimens. In the United States, the false indigos (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Baptisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="leucantha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="119" start="start">Baptisia</pageBreakToken>
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leucantha
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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T. & G.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Baptisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="tinctoria">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">Baptisia tinctoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) R. Br.) (
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<taxonomicName genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) were the associations most often cited by authors (
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<bibRefCitation author="Frost, SW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="47" pageNumber="142" pagination="219 - 225" refId="B82" refString="Frost, SW, 1945. Insects feeding or breeding on indigo, Baptisia. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 53 (3): 219 - 225" title="Insects feeding or breeding on indigo, Baptisia." volume="53" year="1945">Frost 1945</bibRefCitation>
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, details in
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, SM" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Publications of the West Virginia Department of Agriculture" pageId="45" pageNumber="140" refId="B44" refString="Clark, SM, LeDoux, DG, Seeno, TN, Riley, EG, Gilbert, AJ, Sullivan, JM, 2004. Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada. In: The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2., 476 pp." title="Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada." volumeTitle="The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2." year="2004">Clark et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). However, these plants are not present in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Marie-Victorin, [Frere]" journalOrPublisher="Brouillet, I. Goulet. Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal" pageId="49" pageNumber="144" refId="B134" refString="Marie-Victorin, [Frere], 1995. Flore laurentienne, troisieme edition mise a jour et annotee par L. Brouillet, I. Goulet. Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, 1083 pp." title="Flore laurentienne, troisieme edition mise a jour et annotee par L." year="1995">Marie-Victorin 1995</bibRefCitation>
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), and extremely rare in southern Ontario (
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<bibRefCitation author="Scoggan, HJ" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="52" pageNumber="147" pagination="547 - 1115" refId="B174" refString="Scoggan, HJ, 1978. The flora of Canada: part 3. Dicotyledoneae (Sauraceae to Violaceae). National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa: 547 - 1115" title="The flora of Canada: part 3. Dicotyledoneae (Sauraceae to Violaceae)." year="1978">Scoggan 1978</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Barney, RJ" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="43" pageNumber="138" pagination="15 - 19" publicationUrl="10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.15" refId="B11" refString="Barney, RJ, Hall, SL, 2011. New host plant records for selected Cryptocephaline leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Kentucky. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (1): 15 - 19, 10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.15" title="New host plant records for selected Cryptocephaline leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Kentucky." url="10.1649/0010-065X-65.1.15" volume="65" year="2011">Barney et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that recently collected specimens in Kentucky were probably from oak (
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" genus="Fagaceae" lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" rank="genus">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="119" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="119">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="119">
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<bibRefCitation author="Fall, HC" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="141" pagination="291 - 486" refId="B76" refString="Fall, HC, 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486" title="A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys." volume="41" year="1915">Fall (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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observed specimens from Ontario: Toronto (Wickham). However, no specimens of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">Pachybrachis luridus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been collected from the province in the last 68 years, and one of its potential hosts (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ventenat" authorityYear="1808" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Baptisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">Baptisia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.) were always extremely rare in southern Ontario (
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<bibRefCitation author="Scoggan, HJ" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="52" pageNumber="147" pagination="547 - 1115" refId="B174" refString="Scoggan, HJ, 1978. The flora of Canada: part 3. Dicotyledoneae (Sauraceae to Violaceae). National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa: 547 - 1115" title="The flora of Canada: part 3. Dicotyledoneae (Sauraceae to Violaceae)." year="1978">Scoggan 1978</bibRefCitation>
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). Consequently,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Hexapoda" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="119">Pachybrachis luridus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is likely extirpated from the eastern Canadian fauna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |