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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.23.4754" ID-PMC="PMC3690980" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-23-41" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FC408237B7700D62E82889647E4E5418" ID-PubMed="23805054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576233" ModsDocID="1314-2003-23-41" checkinTime="1451251874322" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Croat, Thomas B. &amp; Carlsen, Monica M." docDate="2013" docId="835C0A0BB6C65CD0AF174720DBA89BE0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 23: 41-54" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 23" docPubDate="2013-06-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.23.4754" docTitle="Anthurium (sect. Dactylophyllium) (Schott) Engler, emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84 – 85. 1845." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FC408237B7700D62E82889647E4E5418" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FC408237B7700D62E82889647E4E5418" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves, and a reinterpretation of Anthurium section Dactylophyllium (Araceae)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1668140843411" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A reassessment of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves, and a reinterpretation of Anthurium section Dactylophyllium (Araceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Croat, Thomas B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carlsen, Monica M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA &amp; Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-06-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>23</mods:number>
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<mods:start>41</mods:start>
<mods:end>54</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.23.4754</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.23.4754</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-23-41</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FC408237B7700D62E82889647E4E5418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576233</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:835C0A0BB6C65CD0AF174720DBA89BE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/835C0A0BB6C65CD0AF174720DBA89BE0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName LSID="835C0A0B-B6C6-5CD0-AF17-4720DBA89BE0" authority="(Schott) Engler, emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84 - 85. 1845." authorityName="(Schott) Engler, emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84 – 85. 1845." class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anthurium" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="section" section="Dactylophyllium">Anthurium Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler, emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84-85. 1845.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Anthurium</taxonomicName>
grex
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schizoplacium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Schizoplacium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 538. 1860. Lectotype (designated here):
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="palmatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Anthurium palmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 1829(3): 828. 1829.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
Mostly appressed-climbing or scandent plants with internodes usually longer than broad, or terrestrial short stemmed plants; roots moderately sparse at each node on climbing plants, sometimes moderately dense on terrestrial species with short internodes; cataphylls usually persisting as fibers, sometimes deciduous, rarely persisting intact, the cataphyll fibers typically pale, sometimes dark reddish brown; petioles typically subterete, usually at least weakly sulcate adaxially, typically drying greenish to gray-green, sometimes dark brown; blades palmately divided and deeply lobed with 5-7 lobes united at the base (i.e. palmatifid leaves) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">2C</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1929" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="49" start="start">Anthurium</pageBreakToken>
expansum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pittier" authorityYear="1947" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longissimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium longissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="palmatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium palmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or palmatisect with segments (leaflets) divided completely to base and free (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2A-B</figureCitation>
), sometimes 3-sect (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arisaemoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium arisaemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="thrinax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium thrinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brongn ex Schott" authorityYear="1860" baseAuthorityName="Willd. ex Schult." class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="triphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium triphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sodiro" authorityYear="1905" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="trisectum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium trisectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sodiro), more commonly 5-11-sect (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1A, D</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brevipedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium brevipedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="clavigerum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium clavigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="croatii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium croatii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1855" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poeppig" authorityYear="1845" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="kunthii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium kunthii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="polyschistum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium polyschistum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E. Schultes &amp; Idrobo, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth ex Schott" authorityYear="1857" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium sinuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the petiolules of each segment short or long (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2A-B</figureCitation>
), the segments usually entire, sometimes sinuate (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="clavigerum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium clavigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth ex Schott" authorityYear="1857" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium sinuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or weakly to strongly pinnately lobed (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="clavigerum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium clavigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the medial segment or lobe largest; side segments or lobes diminishing in size; juvenile blades simple; leaf surface usually smooth, glabrous, generally drying greenish, sometimes yellow-brown or dark brown; midrib typically raised on both surfaces; primary lateral veins typically conspicuous, usually well spaced, weakly raised or sunken above, usually narrowly rounded and prominently raised below; tertiary veins typically visible, sometimes moderately well-raised beneath. INFLORESCENCE short- (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brevipedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium brevipedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or more commonly long-pedunculate; spathe typically green, spreading, sometimes ovate and erect (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brevipedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium brevipedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), usually persistent; spadix green to purplish violet, usually long-tapered, sometimes short-tapered. FRUITS purple, violet-purple or reddish-purple berries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Species of
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included in section
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dactylophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Dactylophyllium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, under this revised delimitation, are mainly distributed in the Amazon lowlands, with a few widespread species ranging into Central America (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="clavigerum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium clavigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poeppig" authorityYear="1845" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="kunthii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium kunthii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sodiro" authorityYear="1905" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="trisectum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium trisectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and into the Atlantic coast of South America to Brazil (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Three taxa have disjunct distributions in the coastal mountain ranges of the Cordillera Central of Venezuela (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="digitatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium digitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pittier" authorityYear="1947" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longissimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium longissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the Lesser Antilles (
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="palmatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium palmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
Presently, 24 accepted taxa (20 species and 4 varieties or subspecies) occur in section
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dactylophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Dactylophyllium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as emended here. These taxa and their geographic distribution are as follow:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arisaemoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium arisaemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison (Ecuador, Peru)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brevipedunculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium brevipedunculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Krause" authorityYear="1910" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="buchtienii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium buchtienii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
K.Krause (Bolivia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="clavigerum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium clavigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Poepp. (widespread, Nicaragua to Venezuela and Peru)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="croatii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium croatii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="digitatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium digitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jacq.) Schott (Venezuela)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1855" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schott var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">eminens</emphasis>
(Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1855" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="eminens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schott var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">longispadix</emphasis>
Croat &amp; M.Mora (Colombia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gleason" authorityYear="1929" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium expansum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gleason (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poeppig" authorityYear="1845" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="kunthii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium kunthii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">cylindricum</emphasis>
Croat (Bolivia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poeppig" authorityYear="1845" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="kunthii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium kunthii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Poepp. var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">kunthii</emphasis>
(Costa Rica to Peru and Bolivia) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pittier" authorityYear="1947" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longissimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium longissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pittier ssp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">longissimum</emphasis>
(Venezuela) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pittier" authorityYear="1947" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longissimum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium longissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pittier ssp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">nirguense</emphasis>
Bunting (Venezuela)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="moonenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium moonenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Croat &amp; E.G.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
(French Guiana)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="palmatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium palmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Schott (Lesser Antilles) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Aubl.) G. Don var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">bombacifolium</emphasis>
(Schott) Madison (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Anthurium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Aubl.) G.Don var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">pentaphyllum</emphasis>
(widespread Costa Rica to the Guianas, Brazil and Peru) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Detail of leaf bases of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves. A Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with long petiolules, Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (J. P. Folsom 3228) B Palmatisect leaf with segments (leaflets) free to the base with short petiolules, Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (R. M. Harley 18334) C Palmatifid leaf with segments (lobes) united at the base, Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Kew living collection 1980 - 554)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10729" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">2B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="polydactylum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="50" start="start">Anthurium</pageBreakToken>
polydactylum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison (Bolivia, Peru) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="polyschistum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium polyschistum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E. Schultes &amp; Idrobo (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth ex Schott" authorityYear="1857" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinuatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium sinuatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth ex Schott (Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="thrinax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium thrinax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Madison (French Guiana, Guyana)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brongn ex Schott" authorityYear="1860" baseAuthorityName="Willd. ex Schult." class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="triphyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium triphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Willd. ex Schult.) Brongn. ex Schott (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sodiro" authorityYear="1905" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="trisectum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium trisectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sodiro (Costa Rica to Ecuador) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of Anthurium species with palmately divided leaves here included in section Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler emend. Croat &amp; Carlsen. A Palmatisect leaf with seven leaflets of Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. pentaphyllum (M. Leppard 1395) B Palmatifid leaf of Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (M. Carlsen 2126) C Palmatisect leaves with three leaflets of Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (T. B. Croat 48977) D Palmatisect leaves with more than 9 leaflets of Anthurium polydactylum Madison (T. C. Plowman &amp; H. Kennedy 5769)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10728" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Croat" authorityYear="2008" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="zuloagae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium zuloagae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Croat (Colombia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
There are also at least four more currently undescribed species in the section, and at least two more varieties that need formal recognition. A complete taxonomic revision, including identification keys, species synonymy, descriptions and illustrative photographs, of all the species of
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Spathiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Anthurium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with palmately divided leaves comprising the newly amended section
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dactylophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Dactylophyllium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indeed needed, but beyond the scope of this article.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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