214 lines
29 KiB
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214 lines
29 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="46723D41ED3552F993EF2C528E0E5C40" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="Palaeobatrachus robustus Hossini & Rage 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1667366289781" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0678</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46723D41ED3552F993EF2C528E0E5C40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/46723D41ED3552F993EF2C528E0E5C40" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="46723D41-ED35-52F9-93EF-2C528E0E5C40" authority="Hossini & Rage, 2000" authorityName="Hossini & Rage" authorityYear="2000" class="Amphibia" family="Palaeobatrachidae" genus="Palaeobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaeobatrachus robustus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">Palaeobatrachus robustus Hossini & Rage, 2000</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 9I-W</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2076-2078, five ilia HLMD-Ez 2079-2081, two angulars HLMD-Ez 2082, 2083, five jaw bones HLMD-Ez 2084, 2085.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Frontoparietals are flat and thin. They represent small-sized individuals. The parasagittal ridges are well-developed and build the limit between the flat dorsal surface of the bones and somewhat concave orbital margins. The parasagittal ridges are very closely located near the midpoint of the bone and form a sandglass shape at the dorsal surface of the bone. The dorsal surface of the bone between the parasagittal ridges is irregular and pierced by small foramina (pineal foramen sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1211664" author="Villa, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B144" refString="Villa, A, Rocek, Z, Tschopp, E, Van den Hoek Ostende, LW, Delfino, M, 2016. Palaeobatrachus eurydices sp. nov. (Amphibia, Anura), the last western European palaeobatrachid. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36: e1211664. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1211664" title="Palaeobatrachus eurydices sp. nov. (Amphibia, Anura), the last western European palaeobatrachid. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36: e 1211664." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1211664" year="2016">Villa et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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) and pits (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9L</figureCitation>
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). Posteriorly, the surface of the frontoparietal table is flat and rather smooth. The irregularities, if present, are weakly pronounced. The parasagittal ridges reach the paroccipital processes posteriorly (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9I, K</figureCitation>
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). The latter are not fully preserved. Only their bases are observable, which in turn, possess a crest. A smaller posterior median crest is present along the anteroposterior axis of the bone which starts from the posterior margin of the frontoparietal table. The posterior margin of the bone between the median margin and paroccipital process is arched and forms a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“bilobed”">"bilobed"</normalizedToken>
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outline (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9K</figureCitation>
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). The median crest is lower than the paroccipital processes. Judging from the preserved portions of the paroccipital process and posterior median process, a shorter length of the former in comparison to the latter can be assumed. In ventral view, the frontoparietal incrassation, visible only in HLMD-Ez 2077 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9J</figureCitation>
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), representing the posterior portion of the bone, has a round outline with slightly prominent margins. No structure similar to the lanceolate area (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23203" author="Rocek, Z" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1848 - 1863" refId="B106" refString="Rocek, Z, Boistel, R, Lenoir, N, Mazurier, A, Pierce, SE, Rage, JC, Smirnov, SV, Schwermann, AH, Valentin, X, Venczel, M, Wuttke, M, Zikmund, T, 2015. Frontoparietal Bone in Extinct Palaeobatrachidae (Anura): Its Variation and Taxonomic Value. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 298: 1848 - 1863, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23203" title="Frontoparietal Bone in Extinct Palaeobatrachidae (Anura): Its Variation and Taxonomic Value." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23203" volume="298" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roček">Rocek</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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) is observable on the available frontoparietals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Premaxillae, maxillae, vomer: all three bones are fragmentarily preserved and do not allow any detailed description. The preserved teeth and tooth pedicles display diagnostic characters, such as the conical and slightly lingually bent ankylosed teeth. At the tooth basis, large and deep pits are preserved. The bicuspid tooth has a small labial and large apical cusps (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9N, O</figureCitation>
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, HLMD-Ez 2084).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Angulars: in total, two angulars can be clearly assigned to this taxon. They are elongated and curved bones. The coronoid process is compact and can be oval to drop-shape (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9P, Q</figureCitation>
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). Its surface is concave, rather smooth and can possess tubercles (muscle scars). The Meckelian groove behind the coronoid process is broad and opens dorsally, whereas anteriorly, it is open laterally or slightly dorsolaterally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Ilium: The acetabular region of the ilium is robust. The dorsal prominence (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1030023" author="Gomez, RO" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B53" refString="Gomez, RO, Turazzini, GF, 2015. An overview of the ilium of anurans (Lissamphibia, Salientia), with a critical appraisal of the terminology and primary homology of main ilial features. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(1): e1030023. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1030023" title="An overview of the ilium of anurans (Lissamphibia, Salientia), with a critical appraisal of the terminology and primary homology of main ilial features. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1): e 1030023." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1030023" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
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and Turazzini 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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) is not well-developed. The drop-shape dorsal protuberance (sensu
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
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and Turazzinin 2015) is large (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9R</figureCitation>
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) and can be weakly to moderately developed (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9V</figureCitation>
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). Its surface is rather smooth, and its small posterior portion is located above the anterior margin of the acetabular crest. The ventral acetabular expansion (also known as pars descendens) does not project ventrally, but it is massive in ventral/dorsal views (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9R</figureCitation>
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). The dorsal acetabular expansion (also known as pars ascendens), even if only fragmentarily preserved, is moderately developed. The ventral half of the acetabular fossa is massive. The well-developed ventral portion of the acetabular crest projects laterally and contributes to the ventroanterior surface of the acetabular region of the ilia. In larger individuals (e.g. HLMD-Ez 2080), an oval knob-like flat surface is present in the lateroventral cornet between the iliac shaft and acetabulum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Frogs from Echzell locality. Ilia of Pelophylax sp. HLMD-Ez 2089 (A, B) and HLMD-Ez 2090 (C, D). Ilia of Rana sp. HLMD-Ez 2093 (E, F) and HLMD-Ez 2094 (G, H). Palaeobatrachus robustus (I-W). Frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2077 (I, J), HLMD-Ez 2078 (K) and HLMD-Ez 2076 (L, M). Jaw bone HLMD-Ez 2084 (N, O). Angulars HLMD-Ez 2083 (P) and HLMD-Ez 2082 (Q). Ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 (R-T) and HLMD-Ez 2080 (V, W). Bones are figured in (A, D, E, G, M, R, V) lateral, (B, C, F, H, S) posterior, (I, K, L, P, Q) dorsal, (J, O) ventral, (N) labial and (T, W) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682229" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9V</figureCitation>
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). It represents most probably the attachment surface for the muscle iliacus internus (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1030023" author="Gomez, RO" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B53" refString="Gomez, RO, Turazzini, GF, 2015. An overview of the ilium of anurans (Lissamphibia, Salientia), with a critical appraisal of the terminology and primary homology of main ilial features. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(1): e1030023. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1030023" title="An overview of the ilium of anurans (Lissamphibia, Salientia), with a critical appraisal of the terminology and primary homology of main ilial features. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (1): e 1030023." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.1030023" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
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and Turazzini 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In posterior view, the well-pronounced interiliac groove and laterally projecting acetabular crest are observable. The iliac shaft is moderately developed, lateromedially flattened and has a rather smooth surface.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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The fossil remains display characteristic features of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Palaeobatrachidae" genus="Palaeobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaeobatrachus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Palaeobatrachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as well as the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1865" class="Amphibia" family="Palaeobatrachidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palaeobatrachidae</taxonomicName>
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such as: 1) azygous frontoparietal with a flat dorsal surface; 2) angular coronoid process smooth and/or covered by muscle scars; 3) anteroventrally extending large acetabulum; 4) acetabular area strongly protruding; 5) well-pronounced interiliac groove (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-012-0071-y" author="Wuttke, M" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="367 - 395" refId="B149" refString="Wuttke, M, Prikryl, T, Ratnikov, VY, Dvorak, Z, Rocek, Z, 2012. Generic diversity and distributional dynamics of the Palaeobatrachidae (Amphibia: Anura). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 92: 367 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-012-0071-y" title="Generic diversity and distributional dynamics of the Palaeobatrachidae (Amphibia: Anura)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-012-0071-y" volume="92" year="2012">Wuttke et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) and 6) paroccipital processes do not extend probably beyond the level of posterior median process (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23203" author="Rocek, Z" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1848 - 1863" refId="B106" refString="Rocek, Z, Boistel, R, Lenoir, N, Mazurier, A, Pierce, SE, Rage, JC, Smirnov, SV, Schwermann, AH, Valentin, X, Venczel, M, Wuttke, M, Zikmund, T, 2015. Frontoparietal Bone in Extinct Palaeobatrachidae (Anura): Its Variation and Taxonomic Value. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 298: 1848 - 1863, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23203" title="Frontoparietal Bone in Extinct Palaeobatrachidae (Anura): Its Variation and Taxonomic Value." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23203" volume="298" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roček">Rocek</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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; see characters 12, table 2). Among the material available bones, only the frontoparietal can be used for the species-level identification since other elements such as ilium, angular do not contain sufficient diagnostic characters. The
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Palaeobatrachidae" genus="Palaeobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaeobatrachus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Palaeobatrachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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frontoparietal from Echzell can be distinguished from other Miocene forms, e.g.
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hiri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hiri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P. hiri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(locs.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bátraszölos">Batraszoelos</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sámsonhaza">Samsonhaza</normalizedToken>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/271/2004/151" author="Venczel, M" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica Abteilung A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="151 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Venczel, M, 2004. Middle Miocene anurans from the Carpathian Basin. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 271: 151 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/271/2004/151" title="Middle Miocene anurans from the Carpathian Basin." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/271/2004/151" volume="271" year="2004">Venczel 2004</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" genus="P." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P." order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. A (loc. Rudabanya,
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<bibRefCitation author="Rocek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographia Italica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="11 - 29" refId="B104" refString="Rocek, Z, 2005. Late Miocene Amphibia from Rudabanya. Palaeontographia Italica 90: 11 - 29" title="Late Miocene Amphibia from Rudabanya." volume="90" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roček">Rocek</normalizedToken>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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) by the sculptured frontoparietal (vs. unsculptured in
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hiri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hiri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P. hiri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" genus="P." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P." order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. A) and weakly developed frontoparietal incrassation (vs. strongly developed, in form of crests in
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hiri" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hiri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P. hiri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" genus="P." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P." order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. A). The Echzell frontoparietals strongly resemble the morphology of the
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. robustus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P. robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the early Miocene (MN2) of France (loc. Laugnac,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80019-4" author="Hossini, S" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="223 - 231" refId="B64" refString="Hossini, S, Rage, JC, 2000. Palaeobatrachid frogs from the earliest Miocene (Agenian) of France, with description of a new species. Geobios 33: 223 - 231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80019-4" title="Palaeobatrachid frogs from the earliest Miocene (Agenian) of France, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80019-4" volume="33" year="2000">Hossini and Rage 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), in having 1) a comparable sculpture on dorsal surface of the bone; 2) the skull table narrows in the midpoint of the bone, giving a sandglass shape; 3) weakly developed, rounded frontoparietal incrassation. We did not compare with
|
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<taxonomicName family="Carphodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. hauffianus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hauffianus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">P. hauffianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Randecker Maar, Germany (middle Miocene) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1666/05073.1" author="Rocek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Paleobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="666 - 675" refId="B107" refString="Rocek, Z, Boettcher, R, Wassersug, R, 2006. Gigantism in tadpoles of the Neogene frog Palaeobatrachus. Paleobiology 32: 666 - 675, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/05073.1" title="Gigantism in tadpoles of the Neogene frog Palaeobatrachus." url="https://doi.org/10.1666/05073.1" volume="32" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roček">Rocek</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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) which taxonomic status still needs revision.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |