218 lines
34 KiB
XML
218 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="391D84D6D0BDAF19A548722A3182AF5D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="01f9a310-e503-4558-945b-dce61bdc2dbf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3724311" ID-ZooBank="FFDB122C-E34B-486A-AC99-88B240AAC4DD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584968616145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P." docDate="2020" docId="0E138793FF95AF20FF2DF6990C95A763" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4755.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4755 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acantorna tahoma Lehnert & Stone 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="F22AFFEBFF96AF23FFBAF6000D3CA11B" masterDocTitle="Acantorna-a new genus of Hymedesmiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae Poecilosclerida) from the western Aleutian Islands of Alaska with description of Acantorna tahoma n. sp." masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1698730803449" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB02088B509828B040B96F77D4158928">
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<mods:title id="7B3133D7C0785068CD79777F8A9514A2">Acantorna-a new genus of Hymedesmiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae Poecilosclerida) from the western Aleutian Islands of Alaska with description of Acantorna tahoma n. sp.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9A9694FEC75901803FEE246220A0382F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="05876DCC2D8A628459550C6C1B52B466">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="86C2886AB632B7B614580DEC0B9DDD4A">Lehnert, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C225C7D7D2AAE33385BC4D0A5F5659A7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="618725E0A873A88A5B99E4FB8C4201DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="55A6E694BF7C45FD0546386DD6055749">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2A26568B1DA39E1A160EAF50285A558F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="30CCE6CD270391AD3C56BBA19D91F676">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CEC78B7AC8763D87207D3878EFC310C7">
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<mods:date id="C70E0894B85D7AF4F4588F1AF62C9DC0">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="221E93969EEBD797BFFAB2A801512808">2020-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EE3B39CBEE949C26C6441E3B234E373E">4755</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D548D3D4917505AE58F1492F7A52218D" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="C23F69D7D67832C654E70CB72CC9326C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="18E6F544BE75CD5FECF8634F91CBECAB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E138793FF95AF20FF2DF6990C95A763" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3730245" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162696949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3730245" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E138793FF95AF20FF2DF6990C95A763" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E138793FF95AF20FF2DF6990C95A763" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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<subSubSection id="CEA0650EFF95AF20FF2DF6990CF8A1AF" box="[151,452,153,180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF2DF6990CF8A1AF" blockId="3.[151,452,153,215]" box="[151,452,153,180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="DD4D81E9FF95AF20FF2DF6990CF8A1AF" bold="true" box="[151,452,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FF2DF6990CF8A1AF" bold="true" box="[151,452,153,180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FF2DF6990C46A1AF" ID-CoL="86WNZ" authority="Lehnert & Stone, 2020" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,378,153,180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Acantorna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tahoma" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FF2DF6990C46A1AF" bold="true" box="[151,378,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Acantorna tahoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFFD57ECFF95AF20FE38F69A0CF8A1AF" box="[386,452,154,180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEA0650EFF95AF20FF2DF6BD0C1DA1CC" box="[151,289,189,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="description">
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<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF2DF6BD0C1DA1CC" blockId="3.[151,452,153,215]" box="[151,289,189,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FF25F6BD0DDAA1CC" box="[159,230,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FEB0F6BD0C24A1CC" box="[266,280,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,842,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, Choanosomal acanthostyle. B, Acantornotes. C, Arcuate isochelae. D, Sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724317/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEA0650EFF95AF20FF2DF70509BEA07C" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF2DF70509BEA07C" blockId="3.[151,1437,261,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FF2DF7050CBEA03B" bold="true" box="[151,386,261,288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="36D23CD8FF95AF20FE30F70609BEA07C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2579576938" collectingDate="2012-08-04" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="Bill Flerx & FV Sea Storm" county="Water" latitude="52.164" location="Tahoma Reef" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="175.2235" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" specimenCode="ZSM 20200044" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FE30F7060CCBA03B" bold="true" box="[394,503,262,288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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<typeStatus id="59018827FF95AF20FE30F7060CCBA03B" box="[394,503,262,288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="D61C9EFEFF95AF20FE45F7050F8CA004" box="[511,688,261,287]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="Museum">ZSM 20200044</specimenCode>
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, intact specimen, frozen then dried, collected by
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<collectorName id="2B4F5353FF95AF20FB5BF7050872A004" box="[1249,1358,261,287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Bill Flerx</collectorName>
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with a research survey bottom trawl from the
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<collectorName id="2B4F5353FF95AF20FDF9F72A0FE2A05F" box="[579,734,298,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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FV
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<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FDD7F72A0FE2A05F" box="[621,734,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Sea Storm</emphasis>
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</collectorName>
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;
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<date id="F2041045FF95AF20FD51F7290EB3A058" box="[747,911,297,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" value="2012-08-04">
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<collectingDate id="E240E9ADFF95AF20FD51F7290EB3A058" box="[747,911,297,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" value="2012-08-04">
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4 August
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FCEEF7290EB3A058" box="[852,911,297,323]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.012229" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="2012229.0">2012</quantity>
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 229 m depth, haul station 218, west of
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<location id="8365605EFF95AF20FAF8F7290DF3A07C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E138793FF95AF20FF2DF6990C95A763:8365605EFF95AF20FAF8F7290DF3A07C" county="Water" latitude="52.164" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="175.2235" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" name="Tahoma Reef" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Tahoma Reef</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6661ACFFFF95AF20FF60F74E0CD1A07C" box="[218,493,333,360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">western Aleutian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="E38E5042FF95AF20FE47F74D0FACA073" box="[509,656,333,360]" degrees="52" direction="north" minutes="09.84" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" precision="9" value="52.164">52° 09.84’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E38E5042FF95AF20FD21F74D0E0AA073" box="[667,822,333,360]" degrees="175" direction="east" minutes="13.41" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" precision="9" value="175.2235">175° 13.41’ E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<collectingCounty id="6F644E09FF95AF20FCFBF74E0EB5A073" box="[833,905,334,360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Water</collectingCounty>
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temperature = 3.8 °C.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEA0650EFF95AF20FF7DF7710EB6A50F" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="description">
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<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF7DF7710FA7A3D4" blockId="3.[151,1437,261,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FF7DF7710C65A097" bold="true" box="[199,345,369,396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Description.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="59018827FF95AF20FE2DF7710CC5A090" box="[407,505,369,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a stalked, ochre coloured, flabellate sponge (
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<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FB98F771094EA090" box="[1058,1138,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A-C). The stalk is
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FAF1F77108A1A097" box="[1355,1437,369,396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FEBBF7950C6DA0AB" box="[257,337,405,432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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in maximum diameter and then widens gradually into a fan. The fan is undulating. Mainly radial incisions are visible on the surface of the fan, running to the top. The sponge reaches a maximum height of
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FAD1F7B90D85A0E3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="cm" value="28.5">28.5 cm</quantity>
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and width of
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FEECF7DD0CA3A0E3" box="[342,415,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="cm" value="29.0">29 cm</quantity>
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. The thickness of the fan is up to
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FCA3F7DD0E55A0E3" box="[793,873,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
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. The surface is optically smooth, velvety. Circular oscules with a thin, slightly elevated rim,
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FDC8F4010FECA307" box="[626,720,513,540]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
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in diameter are restricted to the upper rim of the fan (
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<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FA8CF40108B3A300" box="[1334,1423,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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). Consistency of the stalk is wiry and incompressible and becomes more elastic towards the top. The fan is slightly elastic and tough. It has five side-branches at various heights and of different dimensions, the smallest is 2.7 x 0.8 x
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FF17F46D0DC1A393" box="[173,253,621,648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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, the second is 2.9 x 1.6 x
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FD9FF46D0F4AA393" box="[549,630,621,648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="cm" value="0.7">0.7 cm</quantity>
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. The latter has an incision at the top. The three larger side branches are smaller, stalked fans and the two largest „side-fans“ anastomose at the margins. The largest measuring 11 x 9 x
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<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FAC3F4910D80A3CB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="cm" value="0.9">0.9 cm</quantity>
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, with a row of oscules at the top (
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<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FD8FF4B50FB2A3D4" box="[565,654,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF7DF4D90F92A2BC" blockId="3.[151,1437,261,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
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Skeletal architecture. The choanosome is a confusedly plumose arrangement of acanthostyles (
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<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FAB7F4D90861A3E8" box="[1293,1373,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D-E), tracts are not well defined but with a clearly vertical denser portion of spiculated tracts separated by lightly spiculated areas in between those tracts are restricted to the choanosome, and acantornotes, arcuate isochelae and sigmas occuring throughout the sponge. Spicule tracts of acantornotes start in a subectosomal zone,
|
||
<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FB09F545081AA27B" box="[1203,1318,837,864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.6">0.6–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FF4CF5690C7FA298" box="[246,323,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D-E), terminating in dense surface brushes forming a palisade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FBBBF5690971A298" box="[1025,1101,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E-F). Choanosomal canals are lined by a thin veneer of microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FDF6F58D0F9DA2BC" box="[588,673,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF7DF5B10EB6A50F" blockId="3.[151,1437,261,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Spicules. Choanosomal acanthostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FD3AF5B10FDAA2D0" box="[640,742,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FD4EF5B10E25A2D0" box="[756,793,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,842,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, Choanosomal acanthostyle. B, Acantornotes. C, Arcuate isochelae. D, Sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724317/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), 240–311–329 x 24–31–
|
||
<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FB86F5B109B5A2D7" box="[1084,1161,945,972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 µm</quantity>
|
||
; choanosomal and ectosomal acantornotes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FE3BF5D50CDBA2F4" box="[385,487,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1868,1893]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[170,1416,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Acantorna tahoma n. sp. A, Holotype, front. B, Holotype, back. C, Holotype from top; note oscules located here. D, Spicule tracts of acantornotes ending in surface brushes forming a palisade. Below confused arrangement of all spicule types. E, Close-up view of spicule brushes of acantornotes at the surface (lower right). F, Section through choanosomal canal ligned by microscleres. G, Choanosomal acanthostyles, acantornotes and microscleres. H, Acantornote from upper left to lower right among microscleres. Blunt end of acanthostyle at left. Tip of acanthostyle pointing to acantornote." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724315/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Figs. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FE4EF5D50F2BA2F4" box="[500,535,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,842,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, Choanosomal acanthostyle. B, Acantornotes. C, Arcuate isochelae. D, Sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724317/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); 155–191–283 x 8–9–
|
||
<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FC9BF5D50E51A2EB" box="[801,877,981,1008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
||
, often with unequal ends; arcuate isochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FAD5F5D50D86A508" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,842,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, Choanosomal acanthostyle. B, Acantornotes. C, Arcuate isochelae. D, Sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724317/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), 18–21–
|
||
<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FE9EF5F90C53A50F" box="[292,367,1017,1044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 µm</quantity>
|
||
; abundant thin sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E812A00FF95AF20FDC2F5F90FEDA508" box="[632,721,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,842,867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, Choanosomal acanthostyle. B, Acantornotes. C, Arcuate isochelae. D, Sigmas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3724317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3724317/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
), 12–17–
|
||
<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FC81F5F90EBAA50F" box="[827,902,1017,1044]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA0650EFF95AF20FF7DF21E0DD2A540" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF7DF21E0DD2A540" blockId="3.[151,1437,261,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FF7DF21E0C6EA523" bold="true" box="[199,338,1054,1080]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FD8AF21D0FB8A52C" authorityName="Lehnert & Stone" authorityYear="2020" box="[560,644,1053,1079]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Acantorna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tahoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FD8AF21D0FB8A52C" box="[560,644,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">tahoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="59018827FF95AF20FC9BF21E0E6DA523" box="[801,849,1054,1080]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near Tahoma Reef in the western Aleutian Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEA0650EFF95AF20FF7DF2650C95A763" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="86053685FF95AF20FF7DF2650C95A763" blockId="3.[151,1437,261,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CEEA97FF95AF20FF7DF2650C70A59B" bold="true" box="[199,332,1125,1152]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is clearly a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FDD2F2650E2FA564" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[616,787,1125,1151]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of chelae, and with the possession of arcuate chelae and the lack of toxas placing it within the now-abandoned suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FB93F28909ABA5B8" authorityName="Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper" authorityYear="1994" box="[1065,1175,1161,1187]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myxillina">Myxillina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(polyphyletic;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E22B4B74FF95AF20FAFAF28A0C5DA5D3" author="Morrow, C. & Cardenas, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="7" refId="ref4428" refString="Morrow, C. & Cardenas, P. (2015) Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Frontiers in Zoology, 12, 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12983 - 015 - 0099 - 8" type="journal article" year="2015">Morrow & Cardenas 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As families with arcuate chelae were united in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FC38F2AD0ECCA5DC" authorityName="Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper" authorityYear="1994" box="[898,1008,1197,1223]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myxillina">Myxillina</taxonomicName>
|
||
it would have been sufficient to compare this new taxon only to families assigned to the group, but we also compare it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FBD9F2D1083AA5F0" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1875" box="[1123,1286,1233,1259]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Microcionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they share diactinal ectosomal spicules in some rare cases, and the arrangement of subectosomal spicules. In agreement with the three distinct skeletal zones of the former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FD5AF3190E72A428" authorityName="Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper" authorityYear="1994" box="[736,846,1305,1331]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myxillina">Myxillina</taxonomicName>
|
||
we can also distinguish three different zones in the sponge described here. The ectosomal brushes of tornotes conform to zone 1 with the only difference that acantornotes replace the smooth tornotes, the subectosomal zone, or zone
|
||
<quantity id="41429B60FF95AF20FC33F3610E89A460" box="[905,949,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
our sponge, is not represented by a special
|
||
<typeStatus id="59018827FF95AF20FF2DF3860DFBA4BB" box="[151,199,1414,1440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of spicule but replaced by spicule tracts of the same acantornotes, but this is not exceptional as reduction in skeletal components was also known to occur in taxa assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FC0EF3A9091AA4D8" authorityName="Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper" authorityYear="1994" box="[948,1062,1449,1475]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myxillina">Myxillina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The choanosome conforming to zone 3 deviates from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FE14F3CD0F20A4FC" authorityName="Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper" authorityYear="1994" box="[430,540,1485,1511]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myxillina">Myxillina</taxonomicName>
|
||
skeletal plan as it contains all spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="59018827FF95AF20FC7FF3CE093CA4F3" box="[965,1024,1486,1512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in confusedly plumose arrangement, not known from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41BA4D06FF95AF20FE2BF3F10CC3A710" authorityName="Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper" authorityYear="1994" box="[401,511,1521,1547]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Myxillina">Myxillina</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa. Tornotes were known as smooth or terminally microspined, whereas tornotes which are completely acanthose are so far unique. The combination of a choanosome with a confusedly plumose arrangement of all occurring spicules
|
||
<typeStatus id="59018827FF95AF20FD87F03A0F44A74F" box="[573,632,1594,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and the occurrence of the previously unknown acantornotes support the erection of a new genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |