640 lines
76 KiB
XML
640 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="19CD679EB5964EFE3FB43EA79B0503AF">Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="365BCE18ED3764DCFAFEADC126B26947">Dinn, Curtis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90053D53EA86C73094BE8DC6506FFD80">Leys, Sally P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="318C1F259FB3F0DC4C03179674FDD0D0">Roussel, Mylène</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30CB4568FDE4C4AF07C6E3D75993671E">Méthé, Denise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="42DFBBDF5E6F7717C3AFB8F6AEB94A9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0CFF214BBA2B59732F1CD680904CC3A9">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163391997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3812521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE4FF9D8FF7E3A5C179C6E3" box="[151,551,907,934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E3A5C179C6E3" blockId="3.[151,551,907,970]" box="[151,551,907,934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<heading id="D09881AAFFE4FF9D8FF7E3A5C179C6E3" bold="true" box="[151,551,907,934]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8FF7E3A5C179C6E3" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,551,907,934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
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<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FF7E3A5C179C6E3" bold="true" box="[151,551,907,934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FF7E3A5C206C6E0" bold="true" box="[151,344,907,934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8E07E3A5C141C6E3" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[359,543,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE4FF9D8FF7E381C236C68C" box="[151,360,943,970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E381C236C68C" blockId="3.[151,551,907,970]" box="[151,360,943,970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE4FF9D8FFFE381C25FC68C" box="[159,257,943,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1785,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Axinella arctica (Vosmaer, 1885): A. small specimen attached to pebble, thick stalk visible; B. underside of collected fragments; C. specimen amongst Duva sp. soft corals; D. specimen from B in situ; E. skeleton; F. spicules, oxeas and styles. In situ photo credit: DFO/CSSF/ArcticNet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733619/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6ED037DFFE4FF9D8E6CE381C203C68C" box="[268,349,943,970]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,803,827]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of individual variation of spicule dimensions of Axinella arctica (Vosmaer, 1885) given in micrometers as minimum-mean-maximum of length x width. n = 30 measurements of individual spicules, except from literature sources and where otherwise specified." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF10664EFFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC1FEC6C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" tableUuid="DF10664EFFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC1FEC6C5">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE4FF9D8FF7E3C0C0E0C102" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F11E8FFE4FF9D8FF7E3C0C0E0C102" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E3C0C0D1C141" blockId="3.[151,1436,1006,1092]" box="[151,911,1006,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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Original description:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE4FF9D8E10E3C0C1BCC141" author="Vosmaer" box="[368,738,1006,1031]" page="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8E10E3C0C1E0C141" authority="Vosmaer, 1885" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1885" box="[368,702,1006,1031]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
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<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8E10E3C0C140C140" box="[368,542,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Phakellia arctica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8D44E3C1C1E0C141" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[548,702,1006,1031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. 25
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Pl. V, fig. 25-26
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E423C0E0C102" blockId="3.[151,1436,1006,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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Synonyms:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8E70E423C1C4C163" authority="(Lamarck, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[272,666,1036,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="calyciformis">
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<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8E70E423C2B9C163" box="[272,487,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Axinella calyciformis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE4FF9D8E8EE422C1C4C163" author="Lamarck" box="[494,666,1036,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1814">
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8E95E422C1CDC163" author="Lamarck, J. B. P. & De Monet, C." box="[501,659,1036,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="294 - 458" refId="ref11645" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. & De Monet, C. (1814) Sur les polypiers empates. Annales du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 1814, 294 - 458." type="journal article" year="1814">Lamarck, 1814</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8DC5E420C740C163" authority="Lamarck, 1814" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1814" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[677,1054,1036,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="calyciformis">
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||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8DC5E420C025C163" box="[677,891,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Spongia calyciformis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE4FF9D8CE2E422C740C163" author="Lamarck" box="[898,1054,1036,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1814">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8CE2E422C740C163" author="Lamarck, J. B. P. & De Monet, C." box="[898,1054,1036,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="294 - 458" refId="ref11645" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. & De Monet, C. (1814) Sur les polypiers empates. Annales du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 1814, 294 - 458." type="journal article" year="1814">Lamarck, 1814</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8B48E420C6C6C163" authority="Lamouroux, 1816" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[1064,1432,1036,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pocillum">
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||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8B48E420C784C163" box="[1064,1242,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Spongia pocillum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE4FF9D8B80E420C6C6C163" author="Lamouroux" box="[1248,1432,1036,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8FA7E403C141C102" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[199,543,1067,1092]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FA7E403C231C102" box="[199,367,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Tragosia arctica</emphasis>
|
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(
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE4FF9D8E1BE402C141C102" author="Vosmaer" box="[379,543,1067,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8E1BE402C149C102" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[379,535,1067,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
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)
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8D49E403C0E5C102" authority="(Lamarck, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[553,955,1067,1092]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="calyciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8D49E403C058C102" box="[553,774,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Tragosia calyciformis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE4FF9D8C6DE405C0E5C102" author="Lamarck" box="[781,955,1067,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" year="1814">
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8C74E405C0EDC102" author="Lamarck, J. B. P. & De Monet, C." box="[788,947,1067,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="294 - 458" refId="ref11645" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. & De Monet, C. (1814) Sur les polypiers empates. Annales du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 1814, 294 - 458." type="journal article" year="1814">Lamarck, 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE4FF9D8FF7E4A5C7E2C01F" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E4A5C2DBC1E3" blockId="3.[151,389,1163,1189]" box="[151,389,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FF7E4A5C2DBC1E3" bold="true" box="[151,389,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E4FDC7E2C01F" blockId="3.[151,1415,1235,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
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<materialsCitation id="3B073C9BFFE4FF9D8FF7E4FDC081C1AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592571805" box="[151,991,1235,1262]" collectionCode="CMNI" latitude="60.468" location="North Labrador Sea" longLatPrecision="61" longitude="-61.287" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" specimenCode="CMNI 2018" specimenCount="412" specimenCount-male="412">
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<location id="8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8FF7E4FDC224C1A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1:8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8FF7E4FDC224C1A8" box="[151,378,1235,1262]" latitude="60.468" longLatPrecision="61" longitude="-61.287" name="North Labrador Sea" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">North Labrador Sea</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC99EBDFFE4FF9D8EE4E4FAC150C1A8" box="[388,526,1236,1262]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">CMNI 2018</specimenCode>
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-0094,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8D3CE4FDC199C1A8" box="[604,711,1235,1262]" degrees="60.468" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="60.468">60.468 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8DB2E4FDC01EC1A8" box="[722,832,1235,1262]" degrees="61.287" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="-61.287">61.287 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8C2BE4FAC0CCC1A8" box="[843,914,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="412.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D69FD4FFFE4FF9D8C2BE4FAC0CCC1A8" box="[843,914,1236,1262]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="male">412 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B073C9BFFE4FF9D8C86E4FAC126C057" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592571801" collectionCode="CMNI" country="Greenland" elevation="452" latitude="60.466" location="Shelf" longLatPrecision="61" longitude="-61.278" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" specimenCode="CMNI 2018" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC99EBDFFE4FF9D8C86E4FAC72EC1A8" box="[998,1136,1236,1262]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">CMNI 2018</specimenCode>
|
||
-0099,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8BDEE4FDC677C1A8" box="[1214,1321,1235,1262]" degrees="60.466" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="60.466">60.466 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8A54E4FDC3ECC054" degrees="61.278" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="-61.278">61.278 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8FDDE4D9C25AC054" box="[189,260,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="452.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0042D1F5FFE4FF9D8FDDE4D9C25AC054" box="[189,260,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.52" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="452.0">452 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth. Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE4FF9D8ED9E4D9C170C057" box="[441,558,1271,1297]" name="Greenland" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8D54E4D9C12DC057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1:8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8D54E4D9C12DC057" box="[564,627,1271,1297]" country="Greenland" latitude="60.466" longLatPrecision="61" longitude="-61.278" name="Shelf" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Shelf</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B073C9BFFE4FF9D8D1EE4D6C620C057" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592571809" box="[638,1406,1271,1298]" collectionCode="CMNI" elevation="877" latitude="67.967" location="Antrim" longLatPrecision="59" longitude="-59.484" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" specimenCode="CMNI 2018" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Larne">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC99EBDFFE4FF9D8D1EE4D6C059C057" box="[638,775,1271,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">CMNI 2018</specimenCode>
|
||
-0146
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8C2FE4D9C0E4C054" box="[847,954,1271,1298]" degrees="67.967" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="67.967">67.967 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8CA5E4D9C76DC054" box="[965,1075,1271,1298]" degrees="59.484" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="-59.484">59.484 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8B5EE4D6C7DBC054" box="[1086,1157,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="877.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0042D1F5FFE4FF9D8B5EE4D6C7DBC054" box="[1086,1157,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.77" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="877.0">877 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ABF824FFE4FF9D8BB8E4D6C642C054" box="[1240,1308,1272,1298]" country="United Kingdom" name="Larne" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Larne</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8A46E4D9C624C057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1:8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8A46E4D9C624C057" box="[1318,1402,1271,1297]" latitude="67.967" longLatPrecision="59" longitude="-59.484" name="Antrim" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" stateProvince="Larne">Antrim</location>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B073C9BFFE4FF9D8FF7E535C3A5C01F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592571813" collectionCode="BELUM" country="United Kingdom" latitude="54.93" location="Channel" longLatPrecision="556" longitude="-5.742" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" specimenCount="23" specimenCount-male="23" stateProvince="Bristol">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE4FF9D8FF7E535C20CC073" box="[151,338,1307,1333]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Northern Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8E02E532C1D7C070" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[354,649,1308,1334]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8E02E532C1D7C070" box="[354,649,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Axinella infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE03FFE4FF9D8DF0E532C1A6C070" box="[656,760,1308,1334]" collectionName="BELUM" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">BELUM</collectionCode>
|
||
.Mc38,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8C28E535C0FBC070" box="[840,933,1307,1334]" degrees="54.93" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="555" value="54.93">54.93 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8CD1E535C74FC070" box="[945,1041,1307,1334]" degrees="5.742" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="-5.742">5.742 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8B7CE532C70BC070" box="[1052,1109,1308,1334]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="23.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D69FD4FFFE4FF9D8B7CE532C70BC070" box="[1052,1109,1308,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="male">23 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth. Near Lundy,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ABF824FFE4FF9D8A5BE535C6D9C073" box="[1339,1415,1307,1333]" country="United Kingdom" name="City of Bristol" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Bristol</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8FF7E511C3A9C01F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1:8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8FF7E511C3A9C01F" box="[151,247,1343,1369]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="54.93" longLatPrecision="556" longitude="-5.742" name="Channel" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" stateProvince="Bristol">Channel</location>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B073C9BFFE4FF9D8E63E511C7E6C01F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592571811" box="[259,1208,1343,1370]" collectionCode="BELUM" country="United Kingdom" latitude="51.178" location="Mc" longLatPrecision="65" longitude="-4.683" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" specimenCount="23" specimenCount-male="23">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE4FF9D8E63E511C23BC01F" box="[259,357,1343,1369]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8E0FE56EC1CBC01C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[367,661,1344,1370]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8E0FE56EC1CBC01C" box="[367,661,1344,1370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Axinella infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE03FFE4FF9D8DFCE56EC05AC01C" box="[668,772,1344,1370]" collectionName="BELUM" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">BELUM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8C68E56EC071C01C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE4FF988FF7E3A5C1A3C7C1:8EB0601DFFE4FF9D8C68E56EC071C01C" box="[776,815,1344,1370]" country="United Kingdom" latitude="51.178" longLatPrecision="65" longitude="-4.683" name="Mc" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Mc</location>
|
||
41,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8C35E511C09EC01C" box="[853,960,1343,1370]" degrees="51.178" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="51.178">51.178 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE4FF9D8CABE511C775C01C" box="[971,1067,1343,1370]" degrees="4.683" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" precision="55" value="-4.683">4.683 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8B56E56EC731C01C" box="[1078,1135,1344,1370]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="m" value="23.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D69FD4FFFE4FF9D8B56E56EC731C01C" box="[1078,1135,1344,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="male">23 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE4FF9B8FF7E589C037C4E9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E589C10AC086" blockId="3.[151,596,1446,1473]" box="[151,596,1446,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FF7E589C10AC086" bold="true" box="[151,596,1446,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
External appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE4FF9D8ECCE588C148C086" box="[428,534,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1785,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Axinella arctica (Vosmaer, 1885): A. small specimen attached to pebble, thick stalk visible; B. underside of collected fragments; C. specimen amongst Duva sp. soft corals; D. specimen from B in situ; E. skeleton; F. spicules, oxeas and styles. In situ photo credit: DFO/CSSF/ArcticNet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733619/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E5C0C1DFC3FA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1517,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE4FF9D8FF7E5C0C159C34E" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,519,1517,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FF7E5C0C217C34E" box="[151,329,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE4FF9D8E36E5C0C2A1C34E" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[342,511,1517,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a cup-like or flabellate shaped sponge. The species often forms an inverted, hollow cone that ranges
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8EE1E63FC2BFC36B" box="[385,481,1553,1581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="5.0">5–25 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and has a solid stalk. The sponge is pale yellow or buff to white in colour. The surface of the inner portions has many pin-hole sized openings; smaller openings are present on the outside surface. Dense longitudinal ribs extend from the stalk to the distal portions on the outside surface. The consistency is firm, and pieces will break off when bent more than 45°. The walls of the specimens are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE4FF9D8BB7E653C67DC3DF" box="[1239,1315,1661,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick. The distal lip is hispid from protruding spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E727C104C265" blockId="3.[151,602,1801,1827]" box="[151,602,1801,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8FF7E727C104C265" bold="true" box="[151,602,1801,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Spicules and skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE4FF9D8ED2E727C143C265" box="[434,541,1801,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1785,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Axinella arctica (Vosmaer, 1885): A. small specimen attached to pebble, thick stalk visible; B. underside of collected fragments; C. specimen amongst Duva sp. soft corals; D. specimen from B in situ; E. skeleton; F. spicules, oxeas and styles. In situ photo credit: DFO/CSSF/ArcticNet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733619/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE4FF9D8FF7E77FC0A0C2F5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1872,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Megascleres are styles 401–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8EAEE77FC2A6C22D" bold="true" box="[462,504,1873,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">467</emphasis>
|
||
–561 x 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8D14E77FC1CEC22D" bold="true" box="[628,656,1873,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">17</emphasis>
|
||
–25 μm, and oxeas 329–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8CFCE77FC098C22D" bold="true" box="[924,966,1873,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">386</emphasis>
|
||
–443 x 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE4FF9D8B22E77FC700C22D" bold="true" box="[1090,1118,1873,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">18</emphasis>
|
||
–24 μm. No microscleres are present. The skeleton consists of dense axial tracts of oxeas with loose extra-axial fibres consisting of styles which form long spicule brushes at the surface. Oxeas connect the extra-axial fibres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF10664EFFE3FF9A8FF7E6D7C1CCC21C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3733619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" startId="4.[151,250,1785,1810]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1760]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE3FF9A8FF7E6D7C1CCC21C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1785,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE3FF9A8FF7E6D7C24AC254" bold="true" box="[151,276,1785,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE3FF9A8E7CE6D4C12DC254" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[284,627,1785,1810]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE3FF9A8E7CE6D4C2E1C254" box="[284,447,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE3FF9A8EADE6D4C135C254" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[461,619,1785,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A. small specimen attached to pebble, thick stalk visible; B. underside of collected fragments; C. specimen amongst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE3FF9A8D54E731C135C270" authorityName="Koren & Danielssen" authorityYear="1883" box="[564,619,1823,1846]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Duva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE3FF9A8D54E731C135C270" box="[564,619,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Duva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. soft corals; D. specimen from B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE3FF9A8C8CE731C772C270" box="[1004,1068,1823,1846]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="314" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE3FF9A8C8CE731C772C270" box="[1004,1068,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; E. skeleton; F. spicules, oxeas and styles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE3FF9A8FBEE76DC240C21C" box="[222,286,1859,1882]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE3FF9A8FBEE76DC240C21C" box="[222,286,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photo credit: DFO/CSSF/ArcticNet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E0B7C268C5F2" blockId="5.[151,310,153,180]" box="[151,310,153,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E0B7C268C5F2" bold="true" box="[151,310,153,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Genetic data</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E0CFC037C4E9" blockId="5.[151,1437,225,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
COI for CMNI 2018–0099 (GenBank
|
||
<accessionNumber id="943CAB25FFE2FF9B8D29E0CFC195C5BA" box="[585,715,225,252]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK570860" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">MK570860</accessionNumber>
|
||
) was sequenced. The species is a perfect match to GenBank sequence for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8E75E12BC165C459" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[277,571,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8E75E12BC165C459" box="[277,571,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Axinella infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BELUM:Mc4438 (GenBank HQ379410.1) based on 539 of 584 nucleotides. Although no apparent genetic difference in the COI mtDNA region exists between the two specimens, the lack of trichodragmata spicules and skeleton are characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8C59E163C0B1C421" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[825,1007,333,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8C59E163C0B1C421" box="[825,1007,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; therefore until more comprehensive DNA–based distinctions in a less-conserved gene region can be made, the specimens collected from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE2FF9B8A28E15FC6C2C4CD" box="[1352,1436,369,395]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
are considered here to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8ED6E1BBC136C4E9" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[438,616,405,431]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8ED6E1BBC136C4E9" box="[438,616,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE2FF9B8FF7E22FC20FC7B2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E22FC295C75A" blockId="5.[151,459,513,540]" box="[151,459,513,540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E22FC295C75A" bold="true" box="[151,459,513,540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E267C20FC7B2" blockId="5.[151,1436,585,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8FF7E267C154C722" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,522,585,612]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E267C214C725" box="[151,330,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8E38E267C15CC722" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[344,514,585,612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found on rocky bottoms attached to hard substrates. In the North Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay the species was collected in deep water>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D69FD4FFFE2FF9B8C43E243C02FC7CE" box="[803,881,621,648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE2FF9B8C43E243C033C7CE" box="[803,877,621,648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="412.0">412 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The species was also collected in the North Labrador Sea by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8E4AE2BFC14FC7ED" author="Murillo, F. & Kenchington, E. & Tompkins, G. & Beazley, L. & Baker, E. & Knudby, A. & Walkusz, W." box="[298,529,657,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="115 - 135" refId="ref12573" refString="Murillo, F., Kenchington, E., Tompkins, G., Beazley, L., Baker, E., Knudby, A. & Walkusz, W. (2018) Sponge assemblages and predicted archetypes in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 597, 115 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 12589" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Murillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8EE6E2BCC2E0C7ED" box="[390,446,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and reported from the Barents Sea, Nordic Seas, and European Waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8A55E2BFC38CC789" author="Stephens, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8FBEE298C291C789" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Picton, B. E. & Morrow, C." box="[222,463,693,720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref13262" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Picton, B. E. & Morrow, C. (2000) Sponges of the North East Atlantic. In: World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series, Windows / Mac Version 1.0. ETI, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam. Available from: https: // spongesne-atlantic. linnaeus. naturalis. nl / linnaeus _ ng / app / views / introduction / topic. php? id = 3392 & epi = 168 (accessed 20 January 2020)" type="url" year="2000">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8E34E298C2D3C789" box="[340,397,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8EBAE29BC149C789" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Hooper, J. N. & Rutzler, K. & De Voogd, N. J. & Alvarez, B. & Hajdu, E. & Piscera, A. B. & Manconi, R. & Schoenberg, C. & Janussen, D. & Tabachnick, K. R. & Klautau, M. & Picton, B. E. & Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. & Dohrmann, M. & Diaz, C. & Cardenas, P." box="[474,535,693,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref13125" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N., Rutzler, K., De Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Piscera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B. E., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, C. & Cardenas, P. (2019) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera. (accessed 18 April 2019)" type="url" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species has a more northern distribution and was not collected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF10664EFFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC1FEC6C5" ID-Table-UUID="DF10664EFFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC1FEC6C5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF10664EFFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC1FEC6C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" targetBox="[163,1393,914,1402]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC1FEC6C5" blockId="5.[151,1436,803,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E30DC252C67D" bold="true" box="[151,268,803,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of individual variation of spicule dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8CCAE30DC651C67D" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[938,1295,803,827]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8CCAE30DC708C67D" box="[938,1110,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Axinella arctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8B04E30DC656C67D" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[1124,1288,803,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given in micrometers as minimum-
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8EFAE369C286C619" bold="true" box="[410,472,839,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">mean</emphasis>
|
||
-maximum of length x width. n = 30 measurements of individual spicules, except from literature sources and where otherwise specified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FC3E3BCC600C01B" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<table id="F96FC466FFE200618FC3E3BCC62FC03C" box="[163,1393,914,1402]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<tr id="355F3484FFE200618FC3E3BCC62FC6ED" box="[163,1393,914,939]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618FC3E3BCC1D9C6ED" box="[163,647,914,939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FC3E3BCC255C6ED" bold="true" box="[163,267,914,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618DC6E3BCC043C6ED" box="[678,797,914,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8DC6E3BDC043C6ED" bold="true" box="[678,797,915,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Lat., Long.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618C17E3BCC0B8C6ED" box="[887,998,914,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8C17E3BDC0B8C6ED" bold="true" box="[887,998,914,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Depth (m)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618B79E3BCC7FAC6ED" box="[1049,1188,914,939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B79E3BCC7CCC6ED" bold="true" box="[1049,1170,914,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Styles (µm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618B85E3BCC62FC6ED" box="[1253,1393,914,939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B85E3BCC63CC6ED" bold="true" box="[1253,1378,914,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Oxeas (µm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355F3484FFE200618FC3E3E1C62FC143" box="[163,1393,975,1029]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618FC3E3E1C1D9C143" box="[163,647,975,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8FC3E3FEC2B0C6AE" authority="Vosmaer, 1885" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1885" box="[163,494,975,1000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FC3E3FEC20FC6A1" box="[163,337,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Phakellia arctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8E37E3FEC2B0C6AE" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[343,494,975,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8D4CE3E1C3B9C143" author="Stephens, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Northern Norway)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618DC6E3E1C043C143" box="[678,797,975,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">72.6083N, 24.9583E</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618C17E3E1C0B8C143" box="[887,998,975,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">256</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B79E3E1C7FAC143" box="[1049,1188,975,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">300–700 x 20</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B85E3E1C62FC143" box="[1253,1393,975,1029]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">300–460 x 14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355F3484FFE200618FC3E40BC62FC11D" box="[163,1393,1061,1115]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618FC3E40BC1D9C11D" box="[163,647,1061,1115]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8FC3E408C2A9C178" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[163,503,1061,1086]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FC3E408C214C17B" box="[163,330,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Tragosia arctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8E37E40BC2AEC178" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[343,496,1061,1086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8FC3E46CC216C11D" author="Stephens, J." box="[163,328,1090,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(near Achill Head, Ireland)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618DC6E40BC043C11D" box="[678,797,1061,1115]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">53.9666N, 10.15W</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618C17E40BC0B8C11D" box="[887,998,1061,1115]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">699</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B79E40BC7FAC11D" box="[1049,1188,1061,1115]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">300–750 x 20</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B85E40BC62FC11D" box="[1253,1393,1061,1115]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">375–600 x 20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355F3484FFE200618FC3E455C62FC1F7" box="[163,1393,1147,1201]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618FC3E455C1D9C1F7" box="[163,647,1147,1201]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">CMNI 2018-0094 (Saglek Bank, North Labrador Sea)</th>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618DC6E455C043C1F7" box="[678,797,1147,1201]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">60.4697N, 61.2894W</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618C17E455C0B8C1F7" box="[887,998,1147,1201]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">412</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B79E455C7FAC1F7" box="[1049,1188,1147,1201]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
401–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B2BE455C72FC1D2" bold="true" box="[1099,1137,1147,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">467</emphasis>
|
||
–561 x 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B32E4B6C735C1F7" bold="true" box="[1106,1131,1176,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">17</emphasis>
|
||
–25
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B85E455C62FC1F7" box="[1253,1393,1147,1201]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
329–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A78E455C660C1D2" bold="true" box="[1304,1342,1147,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">386</emphasis>
|
||
–443 x 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A7EE4B6C669C1F7" bold="true" box="[1310,1335,1176,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">18</emphasis>
|
||
–24
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355F3484FFE200618FC3E4FEC62FC041" box="[163,1393,1232,1287]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618FC3E4FEC1D9C041" box="[163,647,1232,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">CMNI 2018-0099 (Saglek Bank, North Labrador Sea)</th>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618DC6E4FEC043C041" box="[678,797,1232,1287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">60.4526N, 61.2686W</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618C17E4FEC0B8C041" box="[887,998,1232,1287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">452</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B79E4FEC7FAC041" box="[1049,1188,1232,1287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
390–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B2BE4FEC72FC1AF" bold="true" box="[1099,1137,1232,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">553</emphasis>
|
||
–704 x 12.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B05E4C0C720C041" bold="true" box="[1125,1150,1262,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">21</emphasis>
|
||
–29
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B85E4FEC62FC041" box="[1253,1393,1232,1287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
303–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A78E4FEC660C1AF" bold="true" box="[1304,1342,1232,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">414</emphasis>
|
||
–530 x 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A7EE4C0C669C041" bold="true" box="[1310,1335,1262,1287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">19</emphasis>
|
||
–25
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355F3484FFE200618FC3E508C62FC03C" box="[163,1393,1318,1402]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<th id="768E5DF8FFE200618FC3E508C1D9C03C" box="[163,647,1318,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">CMNI 2018-0146 (Base portion only. Western Greenland Shelf)</th>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618DC6E508C043C03C" box="[678,797,1318,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">67.9783N, 59.4845W</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618C17E508C0B8C03C" box="[887,998,1318,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">877</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B79E508C7FAC03C" box="[1049,1188,1318,1402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
305–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B2BE508C72FC079" bold="true" box="[1099,1137,1318,1343]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">381</emphasis>
|
||
–422 x 19–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8B32E56AC735C01B" bold="true" box="[1106,1131,1348,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">22</emphasis>
|
||
–26 N=14
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="768E5DF8FFE200618B85E508C62FC03C" box="[1253,1393,1318,1402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
411–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A77E508C663C079" bold="true" box="[1303,1341,1318,1343]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">462</emphasis>
|
||
–527 x 17–
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A7EE56AC669C01B" bold="true" box="[1310,1335,1348,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">22</emphasis>
|
||
–26
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE2FF988FF7E5E0C1A3C7C1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E5E0C257C0AE" blockId="5.[151,265,1486,1512]" box="[151,265,1486,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E5E0C257C0AE" bold="true" box="[151,265,1486,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FF7E63BC080C312" blockId="5.[151,1437,1557,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The specimens considered here were previously described briefly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8CFEE63BC7DAC369" author="Dinn, C. & Leys, S. P." box="[926,1156,1557,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref10674" refString="Dinn, C. & Leys, S. P. (2018) Field Guide to Sponges of the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Department of Biological Sciences, Education and Resource Archive, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, 102 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.7939 / R 3 DF 6 KJ 4 G" type="book" year="2018">Dinn & Leys (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was the first georeferenced record of the species in the North Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF9B8FA7E673C0ABC3F9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1557,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The feature of this species that distinguishes it from other cup-shaped specimens in the region is the presence of oxeas and styles. The growth form and shape
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8DF5E6ACC187C3DD" box="[661,729,1666,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="314" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8DF5E6ACC187C3DD" box="[661,729,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8C0BE6AFC6C2C3DA" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885) comb." authorityName="comb." authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[875,1436,1665,1692]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Plicatellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="313" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bowerbanki" status="comb.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8C0BE6AFC7D0C3DD" box="[875,1166,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Plicatellopsis bowerbanki</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8BFCE6AFC61BC3DA" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[1180,1349,1665,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22857AFFFE2FF9B8A34E6ACC6C2C3DA" box="[1364,1436,1666,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8A34E6ACC6C2C3DA" bold="true" box="[1364,1436,1666,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">comb.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E688C396C386" bold="true" box="[151,200,1702,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">nov.</emphasis>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8E61E688C230C3F9" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[257,366,1702,1728]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8E61E688C230C3F9" box="[257,366,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated by its dense stalk and thicker tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE2FF988FA7E6E4C2B8C459" blockId="5.[151,1437,1557,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,153,647]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8FA7E6E4C2F6C3A5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[199,424,1737,1764]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FA7E6E4C2F6C3A5" box="[199,424,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was apparently collected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8D8CE6E7C0EDC3A5" author="Whiteaves, J. F." box="[748,947,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref13444" refString="Whiteaves, J. F. (1874) Report on deep-sea dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: with notes on the present condition of the marine fisheries and oyster beds of part of the region. S. N., Ottawa, 29 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50697" type="book" year="1874">Whiteaves (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but no spicule measurements or description were given. It is probable that the specimen collected by Whiteaves was another flabelliform species because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8E81E73CC19AC26D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[481,708,1809,1836]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8E81E73CC19AC26D" box="[481,708,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not otherwise recorded from the western Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8A49E73FC24DC209" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Hooper, J. N. & Rutzler, K. & De Voogd, N. J. & Alvarez, B. & Hajdu, E. & Piscera, A. B. & Manconi, R. & Schoenberg, C. & Janussen, D. & Tabachnick, K. R. & Klautau, M. & Picton, B. E. & Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. & Dohrmann, M. & Diaz, C. & Cardenas, P." pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref13125" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N., Rutzler, K., De Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Piscera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B. E., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, C. & Cardenas, P. (2019) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera. (accessed 18 April 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FF7E718C38EC209" box="[151,208,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). By contrast
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8ECEE718C1D1C209" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[430,655,1845,1872]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8ECEE718C1D1C209" box="[430,655,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has styles
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE2FF9B8C6AE71BC0C7C216" box="[778,921,1845,1872]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="310.0" valueMax="360.0" valueMin="260.0">260–360 µm</quantity>
|
||
and oxeas
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE2FF9B8B76E71BC7F6C216" box="[1046,1192,1845,1872]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="245.0" valueMax="280.0" valueMin="210.0">210–280 µm</quantity>
|
||
, considerably smaller than the specimens collected in the North Labrador Sea.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8C6FE774C0AEC235" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[783,1008,1881,1908]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8C6FE774C0AEC235" box="[783,1008,1881,1908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has trichodragmata microscleres, though these may be scarce (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE2FF9B8E86E753C19EC2D1" author="Ackers, R. G. & Moss, D. & Picton, B. E." box="[486,704,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" refId="ref9853" refString="Ackers, R. G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. (1992) Sponges of the British Isles (' Sponges V'). A Colour Guide and Working Document. Marine Conservation Society, Ross-on-Wye, 175 pp." type="book" year="1992">
|
||
Ackers
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8D20E750C125C2D1" box="[576,635,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8CF2E750C72BC2D1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[914,1141,1917,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8CF2E750C72BC2D1" box="[914,1141,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also much more dense than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8FB2E78CC21CC2FD" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[210,322,1954,1980]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8FB2E78CC21CC2FD" box="[210,322,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with oxeas forming thick axial tracts and styles in multiple, tightly arranged extra-axial fibres. Interconnecting oxeas form a more noticeable reticulation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE2FF9B8C34E7E8C769C299" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[852,1079,1989,2016]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE2FF9B8C34E7E8C769C299" box="[852,1079,1989,2016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and extra-axial fibres of styles ramify closer to the choanosome than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988D04E0B7C18FC5F5" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[612,721,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988D04E0B7C18FC5F5" box="[612,721,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">A. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, forming less obvious spicule brushes. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988B9EE0B7C632C5F5" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1278,1388,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988B9EE0B7C632C5F5" box="[1278,1388,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">A. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988FF7E093C226C591" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[151,376,189,215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E093C226C591" box="[151,376,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are difficult to distinguish from outer morphology, the size of the megascleres and skeletal arrangement are distinct. The genetic variation between the two species is, however, not discernable using the COI Folmer fragment gene region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FA7E107C1A3C7C1" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
||
The spicule measurements from the North Labrador Sea specimens are only slightly shorter than those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D48864FFE1FF988FF7E163C399C421" box="[151,199,333,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988E0CE163C1AEC421" authority="(Vosmaer, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[364,752,332,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988E0CE163C170C421" box="[364,558,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Phakellia arctica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988D5DE163C1B6C421" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[573,744,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988CF0E163C716C421" author="Stephens, J." box="[912,1096,333,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
where the styles are 300–700 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988FCDE15FC3A6C4CD" box="[173,248,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
|
||
, and the oxeas are 300–460 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988D2DE15FC1C7C4CD" box="[589,665,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988DC5E15FC005C4CD" author="Stephens, J." box="[677,859,369,395]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also collected specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE1FF988BDEE15FC64EC4CD" box="[1214,1296,369,395]" name="Ireland" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which have styles 300–750 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988E39E1BBC2FFC4E9" box="[345,417,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
|
||
and oxeas 375–600 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988DF6E1BBC1BFC4E9" box="[662,737,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988CE2E1BBC764C4E9" author="Stephens, J." box="[898,1082,405,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the Irish specimens agree more with Norwegian specimens collected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988D3FE197C057C495" author="Topsent, E." box="[607,777,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref12811" refString="Topsent, E. (1913) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la " Princesse Alice' ' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I de Monaco, 45, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1913">Topsent (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
than the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988B16E197C673C495" author="Vosmaer, G. C. J." box="[1142,1325,440,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref13397" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the " Willem Barents " Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 01201001" type="journal article" year="1885">Vosmaer (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988A57E197C3BCC4B1" author="Stephens, J." pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref12770" refString="Stephens, J. (1921) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland, 2, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1921">Stephens (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reassigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988E09E1F0C28AC4B1" baseAuthorityName="Vosmaer" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[361,468,478,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988E09E1F0C28AC4B1" box="[361,468,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">P. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988D10E1F0C18AC4B1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[624,724,478,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988D10E1F0C18AC4B1" box="[624,724,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tragosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988C3FE1F3C094C4B1" box="[863,970,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988C3FE1F3C094C4B1" box="[863,970,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Phakellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988C93E1F3C70EC4B1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1011,1104,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988C93E1F3C70EC4B1" box="[1011,1104,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Axinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the arrangement of spicules in the skeleton. This placement was later refuted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988C2CE22FC0B7C75D" author="Dendy, A." box="[844,1001,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="169 - 174" refId="ref10565" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Note on the Genus Tragosia, Gray. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 9 (50), 169 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932208632652" type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because trichodragmata spicules were suggested to be a unique character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988D2FE208C1EDC779" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[591,691,550,575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988D2FE208C1EDC779" box="[591,691,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tragosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the presence of trichodragmata does not appear to be unique to any one genus of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988E93E267C128C725" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1875" box="[499,630,585,611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and thus this species, as well as other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988BCEE264C64CC725" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1198,1298,586,611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988BCEE264C64CC725" box="[1198,1298,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tragosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988E0FE243C1A8C7C1" authority="(Alvarez & Hooper 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Alvarez & Hooper" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[367,758,621,647]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988E0FE243C292C7C1" box="[367,460,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Axinella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988EBBE243C1B0C7C1" author="Alvarez, B. & Hooper, J. N. A." box="[475,750,621,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="724 - 747" refId="ref9970" refString="Alvarez, B. & Hooper, J. N. A. (2002) Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 724 - 747. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 80" type="book chapter" year="2002">Alvarez & Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |