357 lines
48 KiB
XML
357 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BA0B3373DFE9738B128F3F1165BCE3F9">A revision of the taxonomic status of Xestotrogus Reitter, 1902 and related taxa, with the description of a new species from Iraqi Kurdistan (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EE324C78908EAE993A0B78051BF1D08B">Uliana, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="362CE2B0407F314AD53188BB11067A3E">Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia Giancarlo Ligabue, S. Croce 1730, 30135 Venezia, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2514888234B688AFEEE9BEBEAED3FDC5">Khudhur, Farhad A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C38BF6FA45F38A21D99AB28366F102B1">Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D7DFA46EADB7F34A97769D99DD15EBC2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A533297877C63EE06FA6163A4543408C">2025</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="540336C6FFE3FF9CFF7DFC6CFD40FC3F" blockId="1.[151,725,907,933]" box="[151,725,907,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<heading id="0F4B81AAFFE3FF9CFF7DFC6CFD40FC3F" bold="true" box="[151,725,907,933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF7DFC6CFD40FC3F" bold="true" box="[151,725,907,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFF04FC6CFDB1FC3F" authority="Reitter, 1902" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[238,548,907,933]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF04FC6CFEE8FC3F" bold="true" box="[238,381,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFE6FFC6CFDB1FC3F" author="Reitter, E." box="[389,548,907,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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status revised
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1CA6654DFFE3FF9CFF7DFC37FDFEFB9C" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="540336C6FFE3FF9CFF7DFC37FC99FC72" blockId="1.[151,780,976,1030]" box="[151,780,976,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<typeStatus id="8B078864FFE3FF9CFF7DFC37FF5CFC72" box="[151,201,976,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFECCFC37FDEEFC72" authority="Kraatz, 1884" authorityName="Kraatz" authorityYear="1884" box="[294,635,976,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhizotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFECCFC37FE7AFC72" box="[294,495,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Rhizotrogus validus</emphasis>
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Kraatz, 1884
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="540336C6FFE3FF9CFF7DFC08FDFEFB9C" blockId="1.[151,780,976,1030]" box="[151,619,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFF46FC08FE47FB9C" authority="Nikolajev, 2004" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="2004" box="[172,466,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="477" rank="subGenus" status="new synonym" subGenus="Cyprotrogus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF46FC08FEBFFB9C" box="[172,298,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Cyprotrogus</emphasis>
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Nikolajev, 2004
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFE32FC09FDFEFB9C" bold="true" box="[472,619,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7DFB57AFFFE3FF9CFE32FC09FDFEFB9C" box="[472,619,1006,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1CA6654DFFE3FF9EFF7DFBD3FCCEFD33" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="540336C6FFE3FF9CFF7DFBD3FE7AFA40" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF7DFBD3FE87FBD4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1076,1102]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Based on characters of males (females are unknown). Integument non-pruinose. Dorsal side subglabrous, with conspicuous setation only on vertex and scutellum. Frons not crested, moderately swollen in the medial area. Clypeus broadly rounded. Labrum transverse, bilobed, densely setose on its whole surface. Dorsal side of pronotum with few minute setae near the anterior angles, some more developed setae may be sparsely present along the anterior margin. Dorsal side of maxillary palps with a flattened area. 10 antennomeres (individual cases of incomplete disjunction observed). Claws toothed at base. Metatibial spurs not significantly dilated, setation of metatarsi not hyper-developed. Phallobase longer than paramera, curved, with a dorsal hump at about mid length and a broad parabolic membranous area anterior to it, connected to paramera. Basal region of paramera fused both dorsally and ventrally. Dorsal portion of paramera short, bearing two well-developed digitiform medial processes, smooth, parted by a deep and narrow cleft. Ventral portion of paramera much longer than dorsal, produced in two long laminar processes parted by a broad gap; such processes laminar, not carinated, sinuous in lateral view. Paramera glabrous on the whole surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="540336C6FFE3FF9CFF2DFA03FD99F9F1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF2DFA03FD92FA65" bold="true" box="[199,519,1508,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">History and current status.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFDE7FA02FCBDFA65" authority="Reitter, 1902" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[525,808,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFDE7FA02FD07FA64" box="[525,658,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFD72FA03FCBDFA65" author="Reitter, E." box="[664,808,1508,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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was introduced as a monotypic subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFAFCFA03FED4F9B9" authority="Latreille, 1825" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhizotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFAFCFA03FA09FA64" box="[1302,1436,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Rhizotrogus</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1825
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</taxonomicName>
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, then raised to genus rank by
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFD72F9EFFCA9F9B9" author="Baraud, J." box="[664,828,1544,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="351 - 366" refId="ref4726" refString="Baraud, J. (1987) Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea du Nord de l'Afrique: addenda et corrigenda. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, New Series, 23 (4), 351 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21686351.1987.12278456" type="journal article" year="1987">Baraud (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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and as such accepted by
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFB8AF9EFFB61F9B9" author="Keith, D." box="[1120,1268,1544,1571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref4893" refString="Keith, D. (2002) Systematic notes on the genera Madotrogus Reitter, 1902, Xestotrogus Reitter, 1902 and Xanthotrogus Reitter, 1902 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Biocosme Mesogeen, 19 (1 - 2), 11 - 20." type="journal article" year="2002">Keith (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, who added as a second species the Cypriot endemic
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFDA0F9CBFC2EF9DD" authority="Baudi, 1870" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[586,955,1580,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFDA0F9CBFCB3F9DC" box="[586,806,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Ancylonycha nitens</emphasis>
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Baudi, 1870
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</taxonomicName>
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. The latter had been assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFF7DF9B7FE8AF9F0" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,287,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Madotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF7DF9B7FE8AF9F0" box="[151,287,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Madotrogus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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since
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFE8DF9B7FD92F9F1" author="Reitter, E." box="[359,519,1616,1643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="540336C6FFE3FF9CFF2DF993FDBBF835" blockId="1.[151,1437,1076,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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Shortly afterwards,
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFE46F993FDE9F915" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[428,636,1652,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref5059" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 a) Characteristics of the genus Xanthotrogus Rtt. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 3 (1), 37 - 41. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2004">Nikolajev (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
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downgraded
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFCF6F992FC34F914" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[796,929,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFCF6F992FC34F914" box="[796,929,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFB8AF993FB62F914" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[1120,1271,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFB8AF993FB62F914" box="[1120,1271,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, based on the similarity of paramera, whose peculiar dorsal processes however granted it the preservation of a distinct, subgeneric status. At the same time, he removed
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFDB4F95BFD50F94C" box="[606,709,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">
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||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFDB4F95BFDE3F94C" bold="true" box="[606,630,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">A.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFD68F95AFD50F94C" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[642,709,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">nitens</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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from it, announcing that it would require a different generic assignment due to the lack of hair on the lower side of paramera, a condition which he considered a diagnostic trait of
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<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFF06F8E3FE16F884" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[236,387,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFF06F8E3FE16F884" box="[236,387,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFE79F8E3FDC6F885" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[403,595,1796,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref5059" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 a) Characteristics of the genus Xanthotrogus Rtt. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 3 (1), 37 - 41. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2004">Nikolajev 2004a</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFD8AF8E3FD3CF884" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[608,681,1796,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref5099" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 b) Review of the genus Madotrogus Reitter species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rhizotroginae). Tethys Entomological Research, 10, 47 - 64. [in Russian, title adopted from the abstract]" type="journal article" year="2004">2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFD5FF8E2FD7AF885" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[693,751,1797,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref5144" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2007) Novy rod plastinchatousykh zhukov triby Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) iz Irana. [New genus of scarab beetles of the tribe Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Iran]. Izvestiya Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki - Natsional'noy akademii nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan, Seriya biologicheskaya i meditsinskaya, 256, 53 - 55. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in accordance with the opinion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFB6FF8E3FAC4F884" author="Medvedev, S. I." box="[1157,1361,1796,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="464 - 478" refId="ref5020" refString="Medvedev, S. I. (1966) Revision of Chioneosoma Kraatz (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and definition of its position among other genera of the Rhizotroginae. Entomological Review, 45, 464 - 478." type="journal article" year="1966">Medvedev (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Thus, to accommodate this species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFE0FF8CFFD21F8D8" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[485,692,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref5099" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 b) Review of the genus Madotrogus Reitter species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rhizotroginae). Tethys Entomological Research, 10, 47 - 64. [in Russian, title adopted from the abstract]" type="journal article" year="2004">Nikolajev (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subsequently introduced the monospecific subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFAE0F8CEFA00F8D9" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="2004" box="[1290,1429,1833,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyprotrogus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFAE0F8CEFA00F8D9" box="[1290,1429,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Cyprotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFE94F8AAFE6BF8FC" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[382,510,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFE94F8AAFE6BF8FC" box="[382,510,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Dasytrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFD2BF8ABFC76F8FD" authority="Reitter, 1902" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[705,995,1868,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Madotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFD2BF8ABFCDCF8FC" box="[705,841,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Madotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFCA5F8ABFC76F8FD" author="Reitter, E." box="[847,995,1868,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was in use for the same concept until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFF3AF896FEE4F811" author="Branco, T." box="[208,369,1905,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="449 - 452" refId="ref4838" refString="Branco, T. (2010) Dasytrogus Reitter, 1902, the valid name of the genus currently known as Madotrogus Reitter, 1902 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae). Fragmenta Entomologica, 42 (2), 449 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.4081 / fe. 2010.214" type="journal article" year="2010">Branco (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
evidenced that the nomenclatural rules enforced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFC45F896FBD4F811" author="ICZN" box="[943,1089,1905,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" refId="ref4939" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
require the use of its subjective synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE3FF9CFEEFF872FDB4F835" authority="Reitter, 1902" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[261,545,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE3FF9CFEEFF872FE10F834" box="[261,389,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="478">Dasytrogus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE3FF9CFE66F873FDB4F835" author="Reitter, E." box="[396,545,1940,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="478" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="00C3664EFFE0FF9FFF7DFAB9FD9FFA01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14747278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14747278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14747278/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" startId="2.[151,264,1374,1398]" targetBox="[158,1429,188,1344]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE0FF9FFF7DFAB9FD9FFA01" blockId="2.[151,1436,1374,1435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFF7DFAB9FEACFAED" bold="true" box="[151,313,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFE76FAB8FCABFAED" authority="(Baudi di Selve, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Baudi di Selve" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[412,830,1375,1399]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFE76FAB8FDC3FAEC" box="[412,598,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Xestotrogus nitens</emphasis>
|
||
(Baudi di Selve, 1870)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Sfalagkiotissa (1), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFB8EFAB8FAF4FAED" authority="(Kraatz, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1124,1377,1375,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhizotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFB8EFAB8FB5DFAED" box="[1124,1224,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">X. validus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kraatz, 1884)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Adiyaman, 20 Km from Golbaşi (2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE0FF9FFF2DFA00FE97F92E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1510,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
In this framework, the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFD99FA01FCC4F99A" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[627,849,1510,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFD99FA01FCC4F99A" box="[627,849,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Ancylonycha nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFC43FA00FBBCF99A" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[937,1065,1511,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFC43FA00FBBCF99A" box="[937,1065,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Dasytrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was justified by the absence of setation on the lower side of paramera, while its distinction in a separate subgenus was justified, again, by their peculiar structure. Paramera, exactly as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFD60F9C8FC9AF9D2" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[650,783,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFD60F9C8FC9AF9D2" box="[650,783,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are indeed equipped with two long dorsal processes, a similarity that was interpreted as convergent evolution by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE0FF9FFCF7F9B5FC7BF9F6" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[797,1006,1618,1644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref5099" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 b) Review of the genus Madotrogus Reitter species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rhizotroginae). Tethys Entomological Research, 10, 47 - 64. [in Russian, title adopted from the abstract]" type="journal article" year="2004">Nikolajev (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Such processes are absent in the other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFEE5F990FE03F90A" box="[271,406,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFEE5F990FE07F90A" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[271,402,1655,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dasytrogus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as well as in those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFD7FF991FCB9F90A" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[661,812,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFD7FF991FCB9F90A" box="[661,812,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the corresponding area bears at most two small denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE0FF9FFF2DF959FD9EF8DF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1510,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
Nikolajev also pursued some preliminary exploration of the endophallic structure of the discussed taxa. His picture was however largely incomplete, also due to the referred difficulty to inflate dry material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE0FF9FFB32F905FA0DF966" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1240,1432,1762,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref5099" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 b) Review of the genus Madotrogus Reitter species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rhizotroginae). Tethys Entomological Research, 10, 47 - 64. [in Russian, title adopted from the abstract]" type="journal article" year="2004">Nikolajev 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE0FF9FFF7DF8E1FF41F8BA" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[151,212,1798,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref5144" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2007) Novy rod plastinchatousykh zhukov triby Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) iz Irana. [New genus of scarab beetles of the tribe Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Iran]. Izvestiya Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki - Natsional'noy akademii nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan, Seriya biologicheskaya i meditsinskaya, 256, 53 - 55. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He did not publish any information on the species discussed here, although he speculated over the traits expected for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFEC3F8CDFD91F8DE" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[297,516,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFEC3F8CDFD91F8DE" box="[297,516,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Ancylonycha nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE0FF9FFF2DF8A9FC3CF82B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1510,2041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFF2DF8A9FDCCF8F2" bold="true" box="[199,601,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">New observations and discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
After direct examination of the taxa involved, it is evident that Nikolajev worked under the wrong assumption that paramera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFCECF894FCECF816" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[774,889,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhizotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFCECF894FCECF816" box="[774,889,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">R. validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B078864FFE0FF9FFC63F895FC2EF816" box="[905,955,1906,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFBD5F894FB51F816" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[1087,1220,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFBD5F894FB51F816" box="[1087,1220,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are hairy on their lower side, while they are actually glabrous (as are those of
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFCDDF871FC0CF82A" box="[823,921,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFCDDF871FCDAF82A" bold="true" box="[823,847,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFCBCF870FC0CF82A" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[854,921,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE0FF9EFF2DF85DFAD8FF63" blockId="2.[151,1437,1510,2041]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="480" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
This brings two consequences: first,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFD8AF85CFD70F84E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[608,741,1979,2004]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFD8AF85CFD70F84E" box="[608,741,1979,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fails to fit the current definition of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFB0AF85DFAE2F84E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[1248,1399,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFB0AF85DFAE2F84E" box="[1248,1399,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which it is treated as a subgenus. Second, the only character supporting the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFB65F838FA94F862" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1167,1281,2014,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhizotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFB65F838FA94F862" box="[1167,1281,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">R. validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFAD3F839FA09F862" box="[1337,1436,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE0FF9FFAD3F839FAC4F862" bold="true" box="[1337,1361,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="479">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE0FF9FFAB3F838FA09F862" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[1369,1436,2015,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in two distinct genera falls. Pending a sound phylogenetic evaluation, the strong resemblance of their paramera and their evident difference from those of most similar taxa (
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFCC3FF5CFCDEFF4E" box="[809,843,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
: species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFBAAFF5CFB55FF4E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[1088,1216,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFBAAFF5CFB55FF4E" box="[1088,1216,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Dasytrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFB11FF5CFA07FF4F" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[1275,1426,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFB11FF5CFA07FF4F" box="[1275,1426,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) seem enough to justify a generic treatment on their own for these two species, as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE1FF9EFB5CFF38FADCFF63" author="Keith, D." box="[1206,1353,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref4893" refString="Keith, D. (2002) Systematic notes on the genera Madotrogus Reitter, 1902, Xestotrogus Reitter, 1902 and Xanthotrogus Reitter, 1902 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Biocosme Mesogeen, 19 (1 - 2), 11 - 20." type="journal article" year="2002">Keith (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE1FF9EFF2DFEE4FF40FD83" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
The study of their endophalli, formerly unexplored, reveals a common ground plan similar to that observed in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFE6FFEC0FD90FEDA" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[389,517,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFE6FFEC0FD90FEDA" box="[389,517,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Dasytrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B078864FFE1FF9EFD28FEC0FD67FEDB" box="[706,754,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFCB4FEC0FB7EFEDB" authority="(Brenske, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Brenske" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[862,1259,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dasytrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transcaspicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFCB4FEC0FBB4FEDA" box="[862,1057,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">D. transcaspicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Brenske, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE1FF9EFAC4FEC0FF74FEFF" author="Nikolajev, G. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="47 - 64" refId="ref5099" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2004 b) Review of the genus Madotrogus Reitter species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rhizotroginae). Tethys Entomological Research, 10, 47 - 64. [in Russian, title adopted from the abstract]" type="journal article" year="2004">Nikolajev 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and clearly more distinct from the structure observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFC66FEACFBB6FEFF" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[908,1059,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFC66FEACFBB6FEFF" box="[908,1059,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE1FF9EFB8FFEACFA8CFEFF" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1125,1305,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref5144" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2007) Novy rod plastinchatousykh zhukov triby Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) iz Irana. [New genus of scarab beetles of the tribe Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Iran]. Izvestiya Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki - Natsional'noy akademii nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan, Seriya biologicheskaya i meditsinskaya, 256, 53 - 55. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2007">Nikolajev 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and M.U., unpublished observations). The endophallites, however, exhibit a remarkable variability in the presence or absence of the same element across the different species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC872A43FFE1FF9EFD3BFE74FCC8FE37" box="[721,861,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[198,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[190,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–39. Endophallus of known Xestotrogus species in frontal (31, 34, 37), dorsal (32, 35, 38) and lateral view (33, 36, 39). 31–33, X. nitens (Baudi di Selve, 1870) from Larnaka Salt Lake; 34–36, X. sagrmaticus Uliana & Khudhur, new species, paratype from Gmo Mt.; 37–39, X. validus (Kraatz, 1884), from Adiyaman, 20 Km from Golbaşi. Differently colored arrowheads evidencing presence/absence of homologous endophallites across the three species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14747290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14747290/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Figs. 31–39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Notably,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE1FF9EFC31FE74FB5EFE37" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[987,1227,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref5144" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2007) Novy rod plastinchatousykh zhukov triby Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) iz Irana. [New genus of scarab beetles of the tribe Rhizotrogini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Iran]. Izvestiya Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki - Natsional'noy akademii nauk Respubliki Kazakhstan, Seriya biologicheskaya i meditsinskaya, 256, 53 - 55. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2007">Nikolajev (2007: 54)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
even observed an intrapopulational variability in the presence or absence of the same large endophallite, suggesting caution on the taxonomic interpretation of this trait and the need of a better comprehension of its variability at a low taxonomic level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="540336C6FFE1FF9EFF2DFDC4FCCEFD33" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
Concluding, in accordance with the results above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFCE3FDC4FBBFFDA7" authority="Reitter, 1902" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[777,1066,547,573]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFCE3FDC4FC1BFDA6" box="[777,910,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE1FF9EFC7DFDC4FBBFFDA7" author="Reitter, E." box="[919,1066,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFBD9FDC4FB42FDA6" bold="true" box="[1075,1239,546,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">status revised</emphasis>
|
||
is removed from subgeneric status under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFE4DFDA0FD4DFDFB" authority="Reitter, 1902" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[423,728,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Xanthotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFE4DFDA0FDABFDFB" box="[423,574,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Xanthotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="302D4B37FFE1FF9EFDACFDA0FD4DFDFB" author="Reitter, E." box="[582,728,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" pagination="93 - 303" refId="ref5266" refString="Reitter, E. (1902) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Melolonthidae aus der europaischen Fauna und angrenzenden Landern, enthaltend die Gruppen der Pachydemini, Sericini und Melolonthini. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 40, 93 - 303. [1901]" type="journal article" year="1902">Reitter, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and treated as a valid genus, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFBBCFDA0FA09FDFB" authority="Nikolajev, 2004" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="2004" box="[1110,1436,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="477" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyprotrogus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFBBCFDA0FB74FDFB" box="[1110,1249,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Cyprotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
Nikolajev, 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is introduced as its
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFE9AFD8CFD87FD1F" bold="true" box="[368,530,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">new synonym</emphasis>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFD76FD8CFCB4FD1E" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1902" box="[668,801,619,644]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFD76FD8CFCB4FD1E" box="[668,801,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Xestotrogus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains now three species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFB89FD8CFB50FD1E" authorityName="Baudi" authorityYear="1870" box="[1123,1221,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancylonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFB89FD8CFBE1FD1F" bold="true" box="[1123,1140,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFB68FD8CFB50FD1E" box="[1154,1221,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">nitens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(habitus in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC872A43FFE1FF9EFAA0FD8CFA1EFD1F" box="[1354,1419,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1344]" captionTargetId="figure-31@2.[151,1436,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Males of Xestotrogus nitens (Baudi di Selve, 1870), from Sfalagkiotissa (1), and X. validus (Kraatz, 1884), from Adiyaman, 20 Km from Golbaşi (2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14747278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14747278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFF7DFD68FE92FD33" baseAuthorityName="Kraatz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,263,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Rhizotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFF7DFD68FE92FD33" box="[151,263,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">X. validus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(habitus in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC872A43FFE1FF9EFE66FD68FE45FD33" box="[396,464,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1344]" captionTargetId="figure-31@2.[151,1436,181,1351]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–2. Males of Xestotrogus nitens (Baudi di Selve, 1870), from Sfalagkiotissa (1), and X. validus (Kraatz, 1884), from Adiyaman, 20 Km from Golbaşi (2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14747278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14747278/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93BC4D45FFE1FF9EFDFEFD68FD29FD32" authorityName="Uliana & Khudhur" authorityYear="2025" box="[532,700,655,681]" class="Insecta" genus="Xestotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagrmaticus" status="new species">
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFDFEFD68FDB0FD33" bold="true" box="[532,549,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFDD9FD68FD29FD32" box="[563,700,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">sagrmaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="66C8EAD4FFE1FF9EFD20FD68FCC6FD32" bold="true" box="[714,851,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7DFB57AFFFE1FF9EFD20FD68FCC6FD32" box="[714,851,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="480" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |