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<document id="4CC7AC9549AFE9408132F86981FDF279" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c3d39df-7484-4878-8952-9c6a0d926465" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3741548" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6CBF9039-7E4D-4938-909A-2DB5113C8D35" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1586173524968" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2018" docId="C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema.40.12.227-325.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 40 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402.4:Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="AFAF64E709DD7C8340B70A24A5804402" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2018-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hesione pantherina Risso 1826, restricted" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="286" masterDocId="3D4FFFC5FFDBFFF1FFD4FFA3DA42FFE9" masterDocTitle="Revision of Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="325" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="283" updateTime="1698735891220" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F3D8C1F2B8BA809C15E8C97BEB728EF3">Revision of Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE1FFCBFF34FA96D87FFAA6" ID-CoL="3L3YM" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[224,573,1333,1360]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina" status="restricted">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFF34FA96DBF6FAB9" bold="true" box="[224,436,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFE6FFA96D87FFAA6" author="Risso" box="[443,573,1333,1359]" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
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,
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(
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE1FFCBFE5CFAF6DB9BFA99" box="[392,473,1365,1392]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Figs 35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE1FFCBFE31FAF6D840FA99" box="[485,514,1365,1392]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="60.[133,144,887,905]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,215,837]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[173,1415,214,837]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIG. 36. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, specimen MNHN-IA-TYPE1851 (formerly jar 70.190c): A, chaetiger 4, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); B, chaetiger 7, left parapodium, anterior view. Scale bars: A, 0.6 mm; B, 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741624/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="01C56520FFE1FFCBFF50FA3EDBD6F936" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="69CF1185FFE1FFCBFF50FA3ED8DFF9ED" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFF50FA3EDBADFA5D" author="RISSO A." box="[132,495,1436,1460]" page="418" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1826">
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE1FFCBFF50FA3EDBADFA5D" ID-CoL="3L3YM" authority="Risso, 1826: 418" authorityName=", Risso" authorityPageNumber="418" authorityYear="1826" box="[132,495,1436,1460]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFF50FA3EDB7EFA5D" box="[132,316,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFE90FA3FDBADFA5D" author="Risso" box="[324,495,1436,1460]" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826: 418</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 419. — Audouin &amp; Milne Edwards 1833: 234, 235, pl. 15, fig. 4. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFDF0FA14D892FA26" author="FAUVEL P." box="[548,720,1463,1487]" page="121" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFDF0FA14D892FA26" author="Fauvel" box="[548,720,1463,1487]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref92777" refString="FAUVEL P. 1914. - Annelides polychetes non pelagiques provenant des campagnes de l' Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice (1885 - 1910). Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert 1 er, Prince Souverain de Monaco 46: 1 - 432, pls 1 - 31. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2117722" type="journal article" year="1914">Fauvel 1914: 121</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 122;
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFF50FA72DAB4FA00" author="FAUVEL P." box="[132,246,1489,1513]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref93031" refString="FAUVEL P. 1923 a. - Polychetes Errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488. http: // www. faunedefrance. org / bibliotheque / docs / P. FAUVEL (FdeFr 05) Polychetes-errantes. pdf" type="journal article" year="1923">1923a: 233</bibRefCitation>
, 234, fig. 87 (
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFE56FA71DB80FA00" box="[386,450,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">partim</emphasis>
); 1932b: 20 (Toulon); 1934: 21; 1950: 349. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFEC2FA4FD858F9ED" author="FAUVEL P. &amp; RULLIER F." box="[278,538,1516,1540]" page="36" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFEC2FA4FD858F9ED" author="Fauvel &amp; Rullier" box="[278,538,1516,1540]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="24 - 96" refId="ref93715" refString="FAUVEL P. &amp; RULLIER F. 1957. - Nouvelle contribution a la faune des annelides polychetes du Senegal. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire 19: 24 - 96." type="journal article" year="1957">Fauvel &amp; Rullier 1957: 36</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFDF0FA4FD8DBF9ED" author="FAUVEL P. &amp; RULLIER F." box="[548,665,1516,1540]" page="512" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFDF0FA4FD8DBF9ED" author="Fauvel &amp; Rullier" box="[548,665,1516,1540]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="143 - 205" refId="ref93784" refString="FAUVEL P. &amp; RULLIER F. 1959 b. - Campagne de la ' Calypso': Golfe de Guinee, 6. Annelides polychetes. Resultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso', Annales de l'Institute oceanographique 37: 143 - 205." type="journal article" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">1959b: 512</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFF50F987DAB3F9BE" blockId="58.[132,775,1572,1623]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="69CF1185FFE1FFCBFF50F987DAB3F9BE" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFF50F987DB1CF9D5" box="[132,350,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE1FFCBFF50F987DB0BF9D5" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[132,329,1572,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Fallacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">Fallacia pantherina</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFEB2F987D809F9D4" author="QUATREFAGES A. &amp; DE" box="[358,587,1572,1597]" page="98" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFEB2F987D809F9D4" author="Quatrefages" box="[358,587,1572,1597]" firstAuthor="Quatrefages" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" refId="ref97277" refString="QUATREFAGES A. DE 1866. - Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, volumen 1, 588 p." type="book" year="1866">Quatrefages 1866: 98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 99. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFD70F987DAAFF9BE" author="MALAQUIN A." page="417" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFD70F987DAAFF9BE" author="Malaquin" firstAuthor="Malaquin" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref95978" refString="MALAQUIN A. 1894. - Voyage de la Goelette Melita sur les cotes occidentales de l'Ocean Atlantique: Annelides polychetes. Revue biologique du Nord de la France 6: 411 - 418. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 10877655" type="journal article" year="1894">Malaquin 1894: 417</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFF50F9DBDBD6F936" blockId="58.[132,775,1655,1759]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="69CF1185FFE1FFCBFF50F9DBDBD6F936" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE1FFCBFF50F9DBDB6EF966" ID-CoL="3L3YT" authorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[132,300,1655,1679]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFF50F9DBDB6EF966" box="[132,300,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Hesione splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFE9CF9DBD87BF979" author="CAMPOY A." box="[328,569,1656,1680]" page="208" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFE9CF9DBD87BF979" author="Campoy" box="[328,569,1656,1680]" firstAuthor="Campoy" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 781" refId="ref91295" refString="CAMPOY A. 1982. - Fauna de anelidos poliquetos de la peninsula Iberica. Publicaciones de Biologia, Universidad de Navarra, Serie Zoologica 7: 1 - 781." type="journal article" year="1982">Campoy 1982: 208-210</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, figs A-D. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFF50F931DB1CF943" author="KIRKEGAARD J. B." box="[132,350,1682,1706]" page="213" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFF50F931DB1CF943" author="Kirkegaard" box="[132,350,1682,1706]" firstAuthor="Kirkegaard" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="181 - 240" refId="ref95738" refString="KIRKEGAARD J. B. 1983. - The Polychaeta of West Africa, 2. Errant species, 1. Aphroditidae to Nereididae. Atlantide Reports 13: 181 - 240." type="journal article" year="1983">Kirkegaard 1983: 213</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFE5CF931D875F943" author="SORDINO P." box="[392,567,1682,1706]" page="35" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFE5CF931D875F943" author="Sordino" box="[392,567,1682,1706]" firstAuthor="Sordino" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="31 - 52" refId="ref98084" refString="SORDINO P. 1990 (1989). - Censimento dei policheti (Annelida) dei mari Italiani: Hesionidae Sars, 1862. Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memoria, Serie B, 96: 31 - 52." type="journal article" year="1990">Sordino 1990: 35</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFDB5F931DAEEF92D" author="BRITO M. C. &amp; NUNEZ J. &amp; BACALLADO J. J. &amp; OCANA O." page="163" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFDB5F931DAEEF92D" author="Brito" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brito" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="155 - 179" refId="ref91159" refString="BRITO M. C., NUNEZ J., BACALLADO J. J. &amp; OCANA O. 1996. - Anelidos poliquetos de Canarias: Orden Phyllodocida (Chrysopetalidae, Pisionidae, Glyceridae, Sphaerodoridae, Hesionidae y Pilargidae), in Oceanografia y Recursos Marinos en el Atlantico Centro-Oriental. Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas, Tenerife: 155 - 179. http: // www. museodelmarceuta. com / papers / Orden % 20 Phyllodicida. pdf" type="book chapter" year="1996">
Brito
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFD4DF930D88AF943" box="[665,712,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">et al.</emphasis>
1996: 163
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5A-C. —
<treatmentCitation id="C87E10BAFFE1FFCBFE92F90ED87BF92D" author="PARAPAR J. &amp; BESTEIRO C. &amp; MOREIRA J." box="[326,569,1708,1733]" page="216" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFE92F90ED87BF92D" author="Parapar" box="[326,569,1708,1733]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Parapar" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" pagination="210 - 267" refId="ref96996" refString="PARAPAR J., BESTEIRO C. &amp; MOREIRA J. 2004. - Familia Hesionidae Grube, 1850. Fauna Iberica 25: 210 - 267." type="journal article" year="2004">
Parapar
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFE43F90EDB8AF92D" box="[407,456,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 216
</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 76 (
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFD41F90ED897F92D" box="[661,725,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">partim</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFD37F90ED945F92D" box="[739,775,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">non</emphasis>
Savigny
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFF02F96BDAA8F936" box="[214,234,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE1FFCBFF24F964DBCAF936" author="Lamarck" box="[240,392,1735,1759]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" refId="ref95809" refString="LAMARCK J. B. 1818. - Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leurs Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des principales Especes qui s'y rapportent; Precedes d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des Caracteres Essentiels de l'Animal, sa distinction du Vegetal et des autres Corps Naturels, en fin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie, Deterville &amp; Verdiere, Paris, volume 5, 612 p. http: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 64280058" type="book" year="1818">Lamarck, 1818</bibRefCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01C56520FFE1FFCBFF50F95CDE42FC3F" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFF50F95CD856F802" blockId="58.[132,776,1791,2027]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="F9B73CF6FFE1FFCBFF50F95CD856F802" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595817460" collectionCode="MNHN-" collectorName="de Nice" country="France" location="Mer de Nice" municipality="Mer de Nice" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE1FFCBFF50F95CDAF7F8FD" box="[132,181,1791,1815]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">TYPE</typeStatus>
MATERIAL. —
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFEEAF95CD808F8FE" bold="true" box="[318,586,1791,1815]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
Mediterranean Sea,
<collectingCountry id="31C8763BFFE1FFCBFDD6F95CD804F8FE" box="[514,582,1791,1815]" name="France" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">France</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE1FFCBFD9AF8A3D8E1F8F1" box="[590,675,1792,1816]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="2FCEAE6EFFE1FFCBFD78F8A3D945F8FE" box="[684,775,1792,1815]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">MNHN-</collectionCode>
IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b),
<location id="4C006070FFE1FFCBFE26F8B8D82AF8DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39:4C006070FFE1FFCBFE26F8B8D82AF8DB" box="[498,616,1818,1842]" country="France" municipality="Mer de Nice" name="Mer de Nice" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Mer de Nice</location>
, labeled in 1868, no further data.
<specimenCount id="5FD9FD22FFE1FFCBFEF8F896DBE4F8A4" box="[300,422,1845,1869]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
labelled paraneotype: MNHN-IA-
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE1FFCBFF50F8ECDA86F88E" box="[132,196,1871,1895]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">TYPE</typeStatus>
1851 (formerly jar 70.190c),
<collectingMunicipality id="A904ACD1FFE1FFCBFE36F8F3D823F88E" box="[482,609,1871,1895]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Mer de Nice</collectingMunicipality>
, no further data; MNHN-IA-TYPE1852 (formerly jar 70.190d), mer
<collectorName id="E42A537DFFE1FFCBFD46F8CAD8A0F868" box="[658,738,1897,1921]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">de Nice</collectorName>
, no further data [
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFED6F827DB08F872" box="[258,330,1924,1948]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFE52F827DB82F872" box="[390,448,1924,1947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
wide; body distorted by compression in small container, especially anterior end; most parapodial lobes invaginated, once exposed, all with acicular lobe single; neuraciculae black, subdistally expanded, mucronate].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FF7BDE04FEB3" blockId="58.[813,1456,216,982]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. —
<materialsCitation id="F9B73CF6FFE1FFCBFBEAFF7BDE01FEB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595817353" collectorName="M. Pallary" country="Algeria" location="Argelia" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="3">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFBEAFF7BDF16FF19" bold="true" box="[1086,1364,216,240]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
Mediterranean Sea.
<collectingCountry id="31C8763BFFE1FFCBFAD8FF7BDF16FF19" box="[1292,1364,216,240]" name="Algeria" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Argelia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="5FD9FD22FFE1FFCBFAB6FF7AD926FEE2" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, MNHN-IA-PNT91j (formerly jar 70), 1900, no further data,
<collectorName id="E42A537DFFE1FFCBFCB6FEADD98AFECF" box="[866,968,270,294]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">M. Pallary</collectorName>
coll. [
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFBD0FEADDE2DFECC" box="[1028,1135,270,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">25-38 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFB79FEADDEBFFECC" box="[1197,1277,270,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
wide; two slightly macerated; acicular lobes single, neuraciculae blackish tapered, distally swollen, mucronate]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FEFEDE2DFDA0" blockId="58.[813,1456,216,982]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="F9B73CF6FFE1FFCBFCF9FEFEDE29FDA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595817359" collectingDate="1982-11-02" collectionCode="SMF, A" collectorName="Willsie" country="France" location="Gulf of Marseille" municipality="Pointe Donnelle" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="A4" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFCF9FEFED937FE9C" bold="true" box="[813,885,349,373]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<collectingCountry id="31C8763BFFE1FFCBFCF9FEFED933FE9C" box="[813,881,349,373]" name="France" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">France</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="5FD9FD22FFE1FFCBFCA8FEFED9ACFE9C" box="[892,1006,349,373]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="2FCEAE6EFFE1FFCBFC2DFEFEDE68FE9C" box="[1017,1066,349,373]" collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">SMF</collectionCode>
15475,
<location id="4C006070FFE1FFCBFBAAFEFEDF68FE9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39:4C006070FFE1FFCBFBAAFEFEDF68FE9C" box="[1150,1322,349,373]" country="France" municipality="Pointe Donnelle" name="Gulf of Marseille" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Gulf of Marseille</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="A904ACD1FFE1FFCBFAE0FEFED91CFE79" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Pointe Donnelle</collectingMunicipality>
, Sta.
<specimenCode id="19799ED0FFE1FFCBFC40FEDBD9F7FE79" box="[916,949,376,400]" collectionCode="A" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">A4</specimenCode>
H,
<date id="3D61106BFFE1FFCBFC07FEDBDE78FE79" box="[979,1082,376,400]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" value="1982-11-02">
<collectingDate id="2D25E983FFE1FFCBFC07FEDBDE78FE79" box="[979,1082,376,400]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" value="1982-11-02">2.XI.1982</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="2FCEAE6EFFE1FFCBFB92FEDBDE1BFE79" box="[1094,1113,376,400]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="E42A537DFFE1FFCBFBB0FEDBDEEAFE79" box="[1124,1192,376,400]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Willsie</collectorName>
coll. [
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFB33FEDBDF70FE66" box="[1255,1330,376,400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFAA7FEDBDFEDFE66" box="[1395,1455,376,400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide; colorless, bent ventrally, all dorsal and tentacular cirri lost, left parapodium of chaetiger 10 removed for observation (kept in vial); pharynx partially exposed, dorsal papilla not seen; antennae digitate, 2-3 times as long as wide; eyes barely pigmented, anterior ones twice as large as posterior ones; acicular lobe single, blunt; neurochaetal blades bidentate, subdistal tooth smaller, guards mostly broken, if entire, approaching distal tooth]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FDE8D9F4FCEB" blockId="58.[813,1456,216,982]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="F9B73CF6FFE1FFCBFCF9FDE8D9F4FCEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595817433" collectionCode="ZMB" location="Grube" municipality="Undefined" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="ZMB 3812" specimenCount="2">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFCF9FDE8D9AEFD8A" bold="true" box="[813,1004,587,611]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<collectingMunicipality id="A904ACD1FFE1FFCBFCF9FDE8D9D5FD8A" box="[813,919,587,611]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Undefined</collectingMunicipality>
locality.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="5FD9FD22FFE1FFCBFC20FDE8DE2DFD8A" box="[1012,1135,587,611]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCode id="19799ED0FFE1FFCBFBAFFDEFDEADFD8A" box="[1147,1263,587,611]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">ZMB 3812</specimenCode>
,
<location id="4C006070FFE1FFCBFB2FFDE8DF78FD8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39:4C006070FFE1FFCBFB2FFDE8DF78FD8A" box="[1275,1338,587,611]" municipality="Undefined" name="Grube" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Grube</location>
<location id="4C006070FFE1FFCBFA96FDE8DFEEFD8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39:4C006070FFE1FFCBFA96FDE8DFEEFD8A" box="[1346,1452,587,611]" municipality="Undefined" name="Collection" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Collection</location>
,
<location id="4C006070FFE1FFCBFCF9FDC5D9F9FD97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39:4C006070FFE1FFCBFCF9FDC5D9F9FD97" box="[813,955,614,638]" municipality="Undefined" name="Dr Bergmann" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Dr Bergmann</location>
coll., no further data [
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFB7CFDC5DF5AFD94" box="[1192,1304,614,638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="44.0">44-48 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFA88FDC5DFF2FD94" box="[1372,1456,614,638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
wide; a few parapodia previously removed and set into permanent slides; smaller slightly macerated, larger better preserved; antennae about 4 times as long as wide; acicular lobe single, a few parapodia with a short, rounded, basal lobe but most with a tapered, blunt acicular lobe].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FCA7DE42FC3F" blockId="58.[813,1456,216,982]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="F9B73CF6FFE1FFCBFCF9FCA7DE42FC3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595817438" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="C. Totton" location="Arrecife" municipality="Africa" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northwestern">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFCF9FCA7DE41FCF5" bold="true" box="[813,1027,772,796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<collectingRegion id="8B1BF849FFE1FFCBFCF9FCA7D9FBFCF5" box="[813,953,772,796]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Northwestern</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="A904ACD1FFE1FFCBFC14FCA7D9BDFCF5" box="[960,1023,772,796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Africa</collectingMunicipality>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="5FD9FD22FFE1FFCBFBDFFCA6DE3FFCF5" box="[1035,1149,772,797]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="2FCEAE6EFFE1FFCBFB5DFCA6DE9AFCF5" box="[1161,1240,773,796]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">BMNH</collectionCode>
1955.8.22.9,
<collectingRegion id="8B1BF849FFE1FFCBFABCFCA6D931FCDE" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="4C006070FFE1FFCBFCA8FCBCD989FCDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C17687BDFFE1FFCCFF34FA96D8F6FB39:4C006070FFE1FFCBFCA8FCBCD989FCDE" box="[892,971,799,823]" municipality="Africa" name="Arrecife" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" stateProvince="Northwestern">Arrecife</location>
, spring 1955,
<collectorName id="E42A537DFFE1FFCBFB81FCBCDEF6FCDF" box="[1109,1204,799,823]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">C. Totton</collectorName>
coll. [
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFB3BFCBCDF7AFCDF" box="[1263,1336,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFAA1FCBCDFEDFCDF" box="[1397,1455,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
wide; prostomium as long as wide; antennae digitate, 4-5 times as long as wide; anterior eyes slightly larger than posterior ones; right parapodium of chaetiger 9 removed for observation (kept in vial); acicular lobe single; neurochaetal blades bidentate, subdistal tooth as wide as distal one, guards approaching subdistal tooth; oocytes
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFCF9FC1DD938FC3F" box="[813,890,958,982]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
in diameter].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01C56520FFE1FFCBFCF9FC4EDE56FBBD" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FC4EDE56FBBD" blockId="58.[813,1456,1005,1109]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">DISTRIBUTION. — Despite the fact that Fauvel recorded this species for many localities worldwide, its distribution is rather restricted to the Mediterranean region, and adjacent areas in the Eastern Atlantic, in shallow water.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01C56520FFE1FFCBFCF9FBCFDF7AFAE1" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FBCFDF7AFAE1" blockId="58.[813,1455,1132,1288]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE1FFCBFC1DFBCEDE51FB6D" authorityName="Savigny in Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[969,1043,1133,1156]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE1FFCBFC1DFBCEDE51FB6D" box="[969,1043,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Hesione</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with prostomium rectangular; parapodia with dorsal cirri basally cylindrical, dorsal cirrophore twice as long as wide; larger acicula blackish; acicular lobe single, short or long, digitate or slightly swollen distally, lower tine missing; neurochaetal blades bidentate, 6-7 times as long as wide; subdistal tooth smaller than distal one, with guards approaching distal tooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01C56520FFE1FFCAFCF9FA96DFF2F986" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="description">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FA96D9FFFAA4" blockId="58.[813,1456,1333,2030]" box="[813,957,1333,1359]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFCF9FAF5DF58F9C7" blockId="58.[813,1456,1333,2030]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE1FFCBFCF9FAF5D9CCFA99" box="[813,910,1366,1392]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70-190b), complete, tapered, colorless (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE1FFCBFBB9FAD6DE92FA79" box="[1133,1232,1397,1424]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
) in ethanol, integument dorsally smooth, variably corrugated; posterior end smashed, bent laterally, several tentacular and dorsal cirri lost; neurochaetal lobes contracted; right parapodium from chaetiger 9 removed and dissected for acicular features (kept in container); body
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFBD7F9B6DE10F9C6" box="[1027,1106,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE1FFCBFB43F9B7DE9AF9C6" box="[1175,1240,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFC97F997DF65F8C7" blockId="58.[813,1456,1333,2030]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
Prostomium rectangular, slightly as wide as long (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE1FFCBFA91F997DFE1F9A6" box="[1349,1443,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Fig. 35B</figureCitation>
), anterior margin projected, posterior margin with a shallow, short furrow, about as long as 1/5 prostomial length; longitudinal depression very shallow. Antennae minute, digitate, tapered, directed laterally, as long as anterior eyes cornea, or 3-4 times as long as wide. Eyes without pigmentation, corneas distinct, anterior ones larger, placed about the median region, more distant to each other than posterior ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCBFC97F890DE7CF844" blockId="58.[813,1456,1333,2030]" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Tentacular cirri without tips, reaching anterior margin of pharynx, or back to chaetiger 4. Lateral cushions barely projected, separated into two sections in anterior and medial regions, three posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE1FFCAFC97F810DB49F967" blockId="58.[813,1456,1333,2030]" lastBlockId="59.[132,775,1556,2029]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">
Parapodia with dorsal cirri mostly without tips (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE1FFCBFACBF810DF39F827" box="[1311,1403,1971,1998]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="283">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
); cirrophore annulated, twice as long as wide; cirrostlyle cylindrical, smooth basally, articulated medially and distally. Neuropodia thick, tapered, blunt, annulated basally. Ventral cirri with cirrophore small, almost indistinct; cirrostyle longer than chaetal lobe.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1DA06623FFE0FFCAFF50FA25D835FA2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" startId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" targetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCAFF50FA25D835FA2C" blockId="59.[132,1455,1414,1477]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">
FIG. 35. —
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE0FFCAFF0BFA25DBA9FA71" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[223,491,1414,1432]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFF0BFA25DBC3FA71" box="[223,385,1414,1432]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE0FFCAFE52FA25DBA9FA71" author="Risso" box="[390,491,1414,1432]" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b):
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFC67FA25D982FA71" bold="true" box="[947,960,1414,1432]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">A</emphasis>
, anterior region, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFB63FA25DE86FA71" bold="true" box="[1207,1220,1414,1432]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">B</emphasis>
, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx;
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFF3CFA3EDAB4FA46" bold="true" box="[232,246,1437,1455]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">C</emphasis>
, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe);
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFCF0FA3ED970FA46" bold="true" box="[804,818,1437,1455]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">D</emphasis>
, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades);
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFBA7FA3EDE3DFA46" bold="true" box="[1139,1151,1437,1455]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">E</emphasis>
, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCAFF4FF937DB2CF8E7" blockId="59.[132,775,1556,2029]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">
Neuraciculae black, tapered, distally swollen, some mucronate. Acicular lobes single, digitate, blunt (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE0FFCAFD98F917D8EEF926" box="[588,684,1716,1743]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
[inset]), markedly projected in specimen MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE0FFCAFF58F957DB4BF8E7" box="[140,265,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="60.[133,144,887,905]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,215,837]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[173,1415,214,837]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIG. 36. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, specimen MNHN-IA-TYPE1851 (formerly jar 70.190c): A, chaetiger 4, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); B, chaetiger 7, left parapodium, anterior view. Scale bars: A, 0.6 mm; B, 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741624/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Fig. 36A, B</figureCitation>
[insets]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCAFF4FF8B7D833F867" blockId="59.[132,775,1556,2029]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">
Neurochaetae about 20 per bundle (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE0FFCAFDF0F8B7D8CBF8C7" box="[548,649,1811,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Fig. 35D</figureCitation>
), blades bidentate, 6-7 times as long as wide, slightly shorter ventrally, with a smaller subdistal tooth, guard approaching or barely surpassing subdistal tooth (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE0FFCAFE7DF8D0D84EF867" box="[425,524,1907,1934]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Fig. 35D</figureCitation>
[insets]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCAFF4FF830DB25F804" blockId="59.[132,775,1556,2029]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">
Posterior end tapered into a blunt cone (
<figureCitation id="D1E42A2EFFE0FFCAFD94F830D8DDF847" box="[576,671,1939,1966]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1414,1432]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,215,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[172,1415,214,1345]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 35. — Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826, neotype, MNHN-IA-TYPE1850 (formerly jar 70.190b): A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, prostomium and basal ring of pharynx; C, chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe); D, same, neurochaetae (insets: blades); E, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 1.7 mm; D, 75 µm; E, 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741622/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Fig. 35E</figureCitation>
), directed ventrally; pygidium with all cirri on site, anus exposed with about 6 low papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCAFC97F9B7DFF2F986" blockId="59.[813,1456,1556,1647]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">
Pharynx fully exposed,
<quantity id="8E279B4EFFE0FFCAFBE7F9B7DE32F9C6" box="[1075,1136,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, made by two rings, distal one ¼ as long as whole pharynx, basal ring longer; dorsal papilla 1.5 times as long as wide, tip rounded. Oocytes not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01C56520FFE0FFCCFCF9F930D8F6FB39" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCAFCF9F930D9D3F945" blockId="59.[813,1456,1683,2030]" box="[813,913,1683,1709]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE0FFCDFCF9F916D8B1FBF8" blockId="59.[813,1456,1683,2030]" lastBlockId="60.[132,775,982,2030]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE0FFCAFCF9F916DE3AF927" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[813,1144,1716,1742]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE0FFCAFCF9F916D9B7F927" box="[813,1013,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="284">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE0FFCAFC2EF917DE3AF927" author="Risso" box="[1018,1144,1716,1742]" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has been confused for several reasons (see below), and it has been regarded as a cosmopolitan species; in order to clarify its taxonomic status (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE0FFCAFAF0F957DFE9F8E7" author="ICZN" box="[1316,1451,1780,1806]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 75.3.1), a
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE0FFCAFC1FF8B7DE63F8C7" box="[971,1057,1812,1838]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is proposed to define and restrict it. The
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE0FFCAFC88F897D9F0F8A7" box="[860,946,1844,1870]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
has been described above and the differences to other species are listed below (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE0FFCAFB88F8F7DE9FF887" author="ICZN" box="[1116,1245,1876,1902]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 75.3.2, 75.3.3). There were no type specimens deposited nor present in the Paris museum (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE0FFCAFC03F830DE21F844" author="ICZN" box="[983,1123,1939,1965]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 75.3.4), and the
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE0FFCAFA8DF837DFEDF847" box="[1369,1455,1940,1966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
and additional specimens share the same diagnostic features (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE0FFCAFCE0F870D9FEF804" author="ICZN" box="[820,956,2003,2029]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 75.3.5). The
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE0FFCAFB54F877DE94F807" box="[1152,1238,2004,2030]" pageId="59" pageNumber="284" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was collected in the same region, off Nice (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFEA4FC74DBB7FC18" author="ICZN" box="[368,501,983,1009]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 75.3.6), and it is now deposited in the Paris museum (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFE0AFC54D824FBF8" author="ICZN" box="[478,614,1015,1041]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 75.3.7).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1DA06623FFE7FFCDFF51FCD4D91AFC76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3741624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3741624/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" targetBox="[173,1415,215,837]" targetPageId="60">
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCDFF51FCD4D91AFC76" blockId="60.[133,1455,887,928]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
FIG. 36. —
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFF0AFCD4DBAAFC60" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[222,488,887,905]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFF0AFCD4DB3DFC60" box="[222,383,887,905]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFE57FCD4DBAAFC60" author="Risso" box="[387,488,887,905]" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen MNHN-IA-TYPE1851 (formerly jar 70.190c):
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFC67FCD4D982FC60" bold="true" box="[947,960,887,905]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
, chaetiger 4, right parapodium, anterior view (inset: acicular lobe);
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFF6CFC2DDA87FC49" bold="true" box="[184,197,910,928]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
, chaetiger 7, left parapodium, anterior view. Scale bars: A, 0.6 mm; B, 0.3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCDFF4FFBB4DBE8FAC6" blockId="60.[132,775,982,2030]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFE3FFBB4DA8CFBB8" authority=", Risso (1826)" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFE3FFBB4D8FEFBD9" box="[491,700,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFD18FBB5DA8CFBB8" author="Risso" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso (1826)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
confused body ends and this explains why there is a discordance between the number of cirri indicated for each body end, against the number that are usually present. This confusion was noted by Audouin &amp; Milne-Edwards (1833: 234, footnote 1). Further, Risso described the pigmentation pattern including transverse lemon-yellow bands, but these bands have not been confirmed, although paler transverse bands can be present in some specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCDFF4FFA96DBDCF887" blockId="60.[132,775,982,2030]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
Perhaps the best account of
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFE64FA95D87EFAA6" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[432,572,1333,1359]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFE64FA95D87EFAA6" box="[432,572,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made by
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFD11FA96DB52FA86" author="Fauvel" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref93031" refString="FAUVEL P. 1923 a. - Polychetes Errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488. http: // www. faunedefrance. org / bibliotheque / docs / P. FAUVEL (FdeFr 05) Polychetes-errantes. pdf" type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Fauvel (1923a: 233)</bibRefCitation>
; however, there are some differences between his illustrations and the observed features in the Mediterranean specimens. The main differences are: 1) the anterior prostomial margin is not incurved as illustrated if specimens have their pharynx invaginated, but appears anteriorly projected; 2) antennae are as long as interocular distance, not shorter as indicated in his illustrations; and 3) ventral cirri are markedly longer than chaetal lobes, not slightly longer as depicted in the illustrations. Neurochaetal blades, however, were well illustrated with their guards reaching subdistal tooth. These discrepancies imply Fauvel grouped different species under the same name, and this is evident from the pigmentation pattern; he indicated: “coloration assez variable, moucheté de brun et réticulé de blanc, ou tigré de taches brunes allongés ou arrondies.” (Transl.: pigmentation very variable, spotted with brown and reticulated white, or striped with longitudinal or round brownish spots).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCDFF4FF8D7DFC4FBB8" blockId="60.[132,775,982,2030]" lastBlockId="60.[813,1456,982,2030]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
As shown in the key below,
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFE69F8D7D813F864" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[445,593,1907,1933]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFE69F8D7D813F864" box="[445,593,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFD17F8D7DBE6F844" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="panamena">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFD17F8D7DA95F844" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. panamena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFF08F830DBE6F844" author="Chamberlin" box="[220,420,1939,1965]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref91326" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1919. - The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard College 31: 1 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49195" type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, reinstated. Their main difference is the
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE7FFCDFF17F817DAB3F827" box="[195,241,1972,1998]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
of acicular lobe because in
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFDC7F817D8E5F824" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[531,679,1971,1997]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFDC7F817D8E5F824" box="[531,679,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they can be short or long but their tips are blunt to distally swollen, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFC78FC74DE00FC19" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[940,1090,983,1008]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="panamena">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFC78FC74DE00FC19" box="[940,1090,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. panamena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
acicular lobes are long, tapered. Another difference is in pigmentation of living specimens: in
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFC9FFBB4D9A0FBD9" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[843,994,1046,1072]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFC9FFBB4D9A0FBD9" box="[843,994,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are middorsal pale areas, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFCF9FB94D9FEFBB9" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[813,956,1079,1104]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="panamena">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFCF9FB94D9FEFBB9" box="[813,956,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. panamena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are middorsal blackish, round spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCDFC97FBF5DEEAF987" blockId="60.[813,1456,982,2030]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
Besides
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFC42FBF4DE6AFB99" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[918,1064,1110,1136]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFC42FBF4DE6AFB99" box="[918,1064,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are two other species described from the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean:
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFA80FBD4DFEDFB79" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[1364,1455,1142,1168]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFA80FBD4DFEDFB79" box="[1364,1455,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFCF9FB35D9B1FB59" author="delle Chiaje" box="[813,1011,1174,1200]" firstAuthor="delle Chiaje" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" pagination="290 - 293" refId="ref92072" refString="DELLE CHIAJE S. 1830 (1822). - Memorie sulla Storia e Notomia degli Animali senza Vertebre del Regno di Napoli, pls 70 - 109. Societa Tipografica, Napoli. [Publication date after Oken, 1836: 290 - 293] https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 10662978" type="journal article" year="1830">delle Chiaje, 1830</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFBFEFB34DFE9FB59" authority="de Quatrefages, 1866" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" box="[1066,1451,1174,1200]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFBFEFB34DEFBFB59" box="[1066,1209,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. steenstrupi</emphasis>
de
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFB35FB35DFE9FB59" author="Quatrefages" box="[1249,1451,1174,1200]" firstAuthor="Quatrefages" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" refId="ref97277" refString="QUATREFAGES A. DE 1866. - Histoire naturelle des Anneles marins et d'eau douce. Annelides et Gephyriens. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, volumen 1, 588 p." type="book" year="1866">Quatrefages, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. It must be emphasised that parapodial features, especially the
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE7FFCDFC82FB75D9C6FB19" box="[854,900,1238,1264]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
of acicular lobes, were not included for the original description of any of these three species. Saint-Joseph (1898) made a detailed illustration of parapodial and chaetal features and, quite surprisingly, he even illustrated acicular tips. Thus, his plate 19 shows that antennae are shorter than interocular distance (1898: fig. 131), acicular lobes are double and blunt (1898: fig. 135), neuraciculae are slightly capitate with distal tiny spines (1898: fig. 137), and chaetal blades are bidentate with subdistal tooth larger than distal tooth and guard approaches subdistal tooth (1898: fig. 136). As indicated below, these features match
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFBB7F9B6DEB7F9C7" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" box="[1123,1269,1557,1582]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFBB7F9B6DEB7F9C7" box="[1123,1269,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and his material was collected in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, close to the
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE7FFCDFAF8F996DF18F9A6" box="[1324,1370,1589,1615]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
locality (Guethary), in the
<collectingRegion id="8B1BF849FFE7FFCDFC2DF9F7DE69F987" box="[1017,1067,1620,1646]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of Vizcaya.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCDFC97F9D7DFE0F867" blockId="60.[813,1456,982,2030]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
Saint-Joseph (1898) also compared his material against specimens from Naples, close to the
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE7FFCDFB7FF936DE9BF946" box="[1195,1241,1685,1711]" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFA99F936DFEAF947" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[1357,1448,1684,1710]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFA99F936DFEAF947" box="[1357,1448,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and concluded that they were identical with his materials, leading him to conclude that the three species (
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFAEFF976DE1CF8E7" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFAEFF976D91EF8E7" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">H. pantherina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFCB2F956D987F8E7" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[870,965,1780,1806]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">H. sicula</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFC1BF956DE1CF8E7" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" box="[975,1118,1781,1806]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">H. steenstrupi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) were synonyms and the senior synonym should be
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFBD9F8B7DEE4F8C7" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[1037,1190,1812,1838]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFBD9F8B7DEE4F8C7" box="[1037,1190,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It must be emphasised that
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFC89F897D9FAF8A4" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[861,952,1843,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFC89F897D9FAF8A4" box="[861,952,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFC3FF897DE3AF8A4" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1866" box="[1003,1144,1844,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFC3FF897DE3AF8A4" box="[1003,1144,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the presence of acicular lobes double, and some other differences are needed to retain both specific names, but none has been found (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE7FFCCFC97F830D8B4FCD8" blockId="60.[813,1456,982,2030]" lastBlockId="61.[132,776,217,1232]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">
On the other hand, as indicated above,
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE7FFCDFB24F837DFC7F844" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[1264,1413,1939,1965]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE7FFCDFB24F837DFC7F844" box="[1264,1413,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="285">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has acicular lobes single, and this difference is enough to keep it separate from the two other species.
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE7FFCDFB07F870DFF2F804" author="Fauvel" box="[1235,1456,2003,2030]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="60" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref93031" refString="FAUVEL P. 1923 a. - Polychetes Errantes. Faune de France 5: 1 - 488. http: // www. faunedefrance. org / bibliotheque / docs / P. FAUVEL (FdeFr 05) Polychetes-errantes. pdf" type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="a">Fauvel (1923a: 234)</bibRefCitation>
followed Saint-Joseph about the synonymy, and when referring to acicular lobes, he indicated that “au-dessus des soies une ou deux petites languettes coniques, souvent rétractées” (Transl.: over the chaetae there is one or two small conical lobes, often retracted). Fauvel was actually reiterating something he had concluded before (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE6FFCCFE0FFEDAD8DBFE7A" author="Fauvel" box="[475,665,376,403]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" pagination="353 - 439" refId="ref92673" refString="FAUVEL P. 1911. - Annelides polychetes du Golfe Persique recueillies par M. N. Bogoyawlensky. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 5 e serie 6: 353 - 439, pls 19 - 21. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6200721" type="journal article" year="1911">Fauvel 1911: 375</bibRefCitation>
), when he recorded
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE6FFCCFF33FE3ADB39FE5B" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[231,379,408,434]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFF33FE3ADB39FE5B" box="[231,379,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">H. pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the Persian
<collectingRegion id="8B1BF849FFE6FFCCFDCBFE3BD811FE5B" box="[543,595,408,434]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">Gulf</collectingRegion>
, and rejected the use of acicular lobes as diagnostic features: “j’observe à cet égard une grande variabilité, non seulement d’un individu à l’autre mais encore d’un parapode à l’autre sur un même animal.” (Transl.: I observe about this (acicular lobes) a large variability, not only from one specimen to the other but even from one parapodium to another one in the same specimen). This is incorrect. After a comparison of the corresponding illustrations (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE6FFCCFF2BFD3BDBF6FD5B" author="Fauvel" box="[255,436,663,690]" firstAuthor="Fauvel" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" pagination="353 - 439" refId="ref92673" refString="FAUVEL P. 1911. - Annelides polychetes du Golfe Persique recueillies par M. N. Bogoyawlensky. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 5 e serie 6: 353 - 439, pls 19 - 21. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6200721" type="journal article" year="1911">Fauvel 1911: 375</bibRefCitation>
, fig. IV), it is clear that parapodia were mounted differently, as indicated by the relative position of the ventral cirri, such that if these parapodia came from the same specimen they were probably drawn from different perspectives, or worse, they belong to different specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE6FFCCFF4FFC94D848FBD9" blockId="61.[132,776,217,1232]" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE6FFCCFF4FFC94DB25FCBB" author="Pleijel" box="[155,359,823,850]" firstAuthor="Pleijel" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" pagination="89 - 163" refId="ref97074" refString="PLEIJEL F. 1998. - Phylogeny and classification of Hesionidae (Polychaeta). Zoologica Scripta 27: 89 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00433. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Pleijel (1998: 159)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that “
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE6FFCCFDCDFC9BD835FCB8" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[537,631,823,849]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFDCDFC9BD835FCB8" box="[537,631,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">H. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
delle Chiaje, 1822” could be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE6FFCCFE2BFCFBDAFDFC78" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFE2BFCFBD880FC98" box="[511,706,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">Hesione pantherina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE6FFCCFD1CFCF4DAFDFC78" author="Risso" firstAuthor="Risso" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" refId="ref97434" refString="RISSO A. 1826. - Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Volume 4, Paris: Livrault Libraire, 439 p. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50455192" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. If they are really the same species, the senior synonym should be
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE6FFCCFF26FC34DB0CFC58" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[242,334,919,945]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFF26FC34DB0CFC58" box="[242,334,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">H. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the contrary perspective rejects the principle of priority (
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE6FFCCFEE7FC14DBFAFC38" author="ICZN" box="[307,440,951,977]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" refId="ref95314" refString="ICZN (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLA- TURE). 1999. - International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature in association with the British Museum (Natural History), London, 306 p. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
: art. 23), but as indicated below, the
<typeStatus id="96648809FFE6FFCCFF79FC74DA99FC18" box="[173,219,983,1009]" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
of acicular lobe separates these two species. Further, the correct publication date for
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE6FFCCFE0AFC54D87EFBF9" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1830" box="[478,572,1014,1040]" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFE0AFC54D87EFBF9" box="[478,572,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">H. sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 1830, as part of a series of plates, as indicated below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="496036ABFFE6FFCCFF4FFB95D8F6FB39" blockId="61.[132,776,217,1232]" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">
The record by
<bibRefCitation id="2D4E4B5AFFE6FFCCFEE9FB95D86CFBB8" author="McIntosh" box="[317,558,1078,1105]" firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 554" refId="ref96211" refString="MCINTOSH W. C. 1885. - Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology 12: 1 - 554, pls 1 - 55 + 1 A- 39 A. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50688432" type="journal article" year="1885">McIntosh (1885: 185</bibRefCitation>
, 186, pl. 29, fig. 1, pl. 32, fig. 16, pl. 15A, fig. 10) as
<taxonomicName id="8EDF4D28FFE6FFCCFE21FBF4DAF2FB79" authorityName=", Risso" authorityYear="1826" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Hesione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="61" pageNumber="286" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pantherina" subGenus="Fallacia">
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFE21FBF4D804FB99" box="[501,582,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">Hesione</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFD82FBF5D8EAFB99" box="[598,680,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">Fallacia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7BABEAB9FFE6FFCCFD6CFBF5DAF2FB79" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">pantherina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the
<collectingCountry id="31C8763BFFE6FFCCFED5FBD5DB39FB79" box="[257,379,1142,1168]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="61" pageNumber="286">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
islands could not be resolved because the specimen is dried out (BMNH 1885.12.1.137), and the original illustrations do not depict the acicular lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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