162 lines
16 KiB
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162 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.243.3990" ID-GBIF-Dataset="443af630-ba06-4b78-8924-9896713e9cf1" ID-PMC="PMC3697044" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-243-27" ID-PubMed="23818811" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-243-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 243" ModsDocTitle="New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius" checkinTime="1451248541764" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wharton, Robert, Ward, Lauren & Miko, Istvan" docDate="2012" docId="A7DEF18AC75EC02842D147B81E94E179" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 243: 27-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 243" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.243.3990" docTitle="Eurytenes Wesmael" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="A334154EFF8AFF9C0E2B8B29FFD7FB06" masterDocTitle="New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668154739309" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wharton, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ward, Lauren</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miko, Istvan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>243</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>27</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.243.3990</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.243.3990</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-243-27</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7DEF18AC75EC02842D147B81E94E179" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7DEF18AC75EC02842D147B81E94E179" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wesmael" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="51" start="start">Eurytenes</pageBreakToken>
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Wesmael
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</taxonomicName>
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http://species-id.net/wiki/Eurytenes
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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Fischer)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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Fischer, 1986: 609-611). Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius macrocerus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocerus">Opius macrocerus</taxonomicName>
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Thomson, 1895. Original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="333 - 360" title="Classification of the braconid subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.4039/Ent120333-4" volume="120" year="1988">Wharton 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 357 (revised status);
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="21 - 51" title="Neue taxonomische Untersuchungen ueber Madenwespen der Alten Welt mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattungen Eurytenes Foerster, Aulonotus Ashmead, Biosteres Foerster und der Untergattung Gastrosema Fischer (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Opiinae)." volume="30" year="1998">Fischer 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 21-25 (subgeneric keys, diagnoses);
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, AK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="23 - 46" title="A review of New World Eurytenes s. str. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)." volume="20" year="2011">Walker and Wharton 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 24 (review of classification).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Xynobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xynobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xynobius</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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):
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Achterberg, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="313 - 329" title="New Indo-Australian subgenera and species of the genera Xynobius Foerster and Ademoneuron Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae)." volume="78" year="2004 a">van Achterberg 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 314-315 (revised status, subgeneric keys).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Xynobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xynobius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xynobius</taxonomicName>
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):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="317 - 347" title="The species of Sternaulopius Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Opiinae) and the braconid sternaulus." volume="15" year="2006">Wharton 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 330-333 (revised status, relationships).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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Mandible without basal lobe ventrally. Labrum broadly exposed. Occipital carina broadly absent dorsally, present laterally. Propleuron ventral-laterally without oblique carina. Notauli deep, well developed anteriorly, varying posteriorly from largely absent to deep and extending to scuto-scutellar sulcus or nearly so; midpit present. Fore wing stigma long, narrow, parallel-sided, discrete posteriorly, r1 arising distinctly basad its midpoint; second submarginal cell with 2RS shorter than 3RSb; 2CUb arising above middle of hind margin of first subdiscal cell. Dorsope present; S1 0.2-0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of T1, never fused to T1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="51" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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The new species described below have been placed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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) based on the relative length of S1 (Figs. 5, 7) and the specific characteristics of T1 (Figs 5, 7, 54, 56, 57), wing venation (Fig. 64), mesoscutal sculpture (Figs 44, 48, 49), clypeus (Figs 50-53), and mandibles (Figs 50, 51) listed in the diagnosis. The wing venation is similar to that in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lorenzopius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lorenzopius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lorenzopius</taxonomicName>
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but in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lorenzopius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lorenzopius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lorenzopius</taxonomicName>
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, the dorsope is absent and S1 is longer and apparently fused to T1 (Fig. 6). We follow
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="333 - 360" title="Classification of the braconid subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.4039/Ent120333-4" volume="120" year="1988">Wharton (1988</bibRefCitation>
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, 2006) and
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="21 - 51" title="Neue taxonomische Untersuchungen ueber Madenwespen der Alten Welt mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattungen Eurytenes Foerster, Aulonotus Ashmead, Biosteres Foerster und der Untergattung Gastrosema Fischer (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Opiinae)." volume="30" year="1998">Fischer (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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in treating
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Eurytenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytenes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurytenes</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="317 - 347" title="The species of Sternaulopius Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Opiinae) and the braconid sternaulus." volume="15" year="2006">Wharton (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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provides a detailed explanation of the morphological basis for this treatment as well as a discussion of alternative classifications.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aulonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aulonotus</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead has usually been characterized on the basis of well-developed notauli (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="21 - 51" title="Neue taxonomische Untersuchungen ueber Madenwespen der Alten Welt mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattungen Eurytenes Foerster, Aulonotus Ashmead, Biosteres Foerster und der Untergattung Gastrosema Fischer (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Opiinae)." volume="30" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
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), similar to the condition found in the species described below.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aulonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulonotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aulonotus</taxonomicName>
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shares other similarities with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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, including the presence of a dorsope, but the petiole is broader, S1 is very poorly developed, the stigma is not parallel-sided, and the precoxal sulcus is distinctly sculptured. Both the type species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stigmatopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmatopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmatopoea</taxonomicName>
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and the two species described here will key to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nosopoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nosopoea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nosopoea</taxonomicName>
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Foerster) in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fischer’s">Fischer's</normalizedToken>
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classification of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 620" title="Hymenoptera Braconidae (Opiinae I)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="45" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 1001" title="Hymenoptera, Braconidae (Opiinae II-Amerika)." volume="96" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
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) because the precoxal sulcus is unsculptured in nearly all individuals (as in Figs 43, 44). Difficulties in interpreting the variable nature of sculpture in the precoxal sulcus, and the emphasis placed on this character in existing keys to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="51" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Opiinae">Opiinae</taxonomicName>
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, make it possible for relatively closely related species to become widely separated in current classifications.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |