209 lines
18 KiB
XML
209 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.803.28360" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d34a4e8b-fe13-4407-b4f3-05c2082eb4a9" ID-PMC="PMC6292978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-803-155" ID-PubMed="30643488" ID-ZBK="AFFF812988B84449BA053AEF5A9436B8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-803-155" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 803" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Austrocodrus Ogloblin (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae, Austroserphinae), a Gondwanic relict from southernmost South America" checkinTime="1545315542074" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rodriguez-Serrano, Enrique & Zuniga-Reinoso, Alvaro" docDate="2018" docId="974999CC8218336CC6C57A914D1E33D8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 803: 155-160" docOrigin="ZooKeys 803" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.803.28360" docTitle="Austrocodrus gladiogeminus Rodriguez-Serrano & Zuniga-Reinoso, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4BE0E7D9-63B5-4A79-AF29-C90DD8B43287" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="F908AE03D6204626DB45FFF5092C2646" masterDocTitle="A new species of Austrocodrus Ogloblin (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae, Austroserphinae), a Gondwanic relict from southernmost South America" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1668166552192" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Austrocodrus Ogloblin (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae, Austroserphinae), a Gondwanic relict from southernmost South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodriguez-Serrano, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zuniga-Reinoso, Alvaro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>803</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>155</mods:start>
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<mods:end>160</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.803.28360</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.803.28360</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-803-155</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AFFF812988B84449BA053AEF5A9436B8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AFFF812988B84449BA053AEF5A9436B8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126476" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4BE0E7D9-63B5-4A79-AF29-C90DD8B43287" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/974999CC8218336CC6C57A914D1E33D8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4BE0E7D9-63B5-4A79-AF29-C90DD8B43287" class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus gladiogeminus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">Austrocodrus gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="156">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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Chile, Magallanes y de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antártica">Antartica</normalizedToken>
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Chilena Region,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antártica">Antartica</normalizedToken>
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Chilena Province, Cabo de Hornos County, Puerto Williams City, Parque
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Etnobotánico">Etnobotanico</normalizedToken>
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Omora (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-54.94389">54°56'38"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-67.656944">67°39'25"W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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Holotype: 1 ♀, from the type locality, February 2003. leg. A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zúñiga">Zuniga</normalizedToken>
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. (MZUCCC 45974)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Female. Fore wing length 5.84 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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Head. Frons with dense pilosity; ocelli globular, translucent. Area between toruli with a marked
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Y”">"Y"</normalizedToken>
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shaped carina; the arms of the Y are strongly projected anteriorly. Distance between toruli 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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their diameter (Fig. 2A). Occipital carina absent. Postoccipital carina visible. Maxillary palpus with 4 segments; 2 distalmost segments very elongated. Labial palpus very short, 3-segmented. Mandibles small, not touching each other. Labrum extremely reduced, triangular. Clypeus sharply convex, triangular. Gena in frontal view equal to eye height, strongly excavated to give head a triangular appearance. Scape with conspicuous apical spine, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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pedicel length. Antenna long, filiform, with 11 antennomeres. The first 2 antennomeres> 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Fig. 2C). Eye bare, globular.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus gladiogeminus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">Austrocodrus gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Habitus of female. Holotype MZUCCC 45974.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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Figure 2. Relevant traits to characterize
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus gladiogeminus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">Austrocodrus gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Head in frontal view showing the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Y”">"Y"</normalizedToken>
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shaped carina between toruli and the triangular outline of the head B Fore wing, showing the venation pattern C Lateral view showing details from the scape with an apical and conspicuous spine, and the pronotal epomium D Dorsal view of mesosoma showing the groove in front of mesoscutellum with 7 foveae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
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Mesosoma. Pronotum dorsally occluded by mesoscutum and not visible in dorsal view. Epomium strong, which are connected dorsally by carina. First anterodorsal portion of pronotum shiny, smooth, the remainder strongly reticulated, sparsely pilose. Mesoscutum with notauli narrow, deep, originating from the anterior margin not reaching mesoscutellum. Groove in front of mesoscutellum with 7 foveae (Fig. 2D). Scutellum 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as long, with glabrous center. Axillae deep, sculptured. Metanotum well developed, 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as mesoscutellum, with median section elevated and subtriangular. Axillary trough of metanotum sculptured. Wings hyaline, pilose, with the major part of veins tubular. Anterior portion of M nebulous. Also, M arising close and apical to 1cu-a. Cu and m-cu joining at a distance equal to the length of 2cu-a (Fig. 2B). Propodeum with a short distinct transverse carina on the anterior margin which connects with irregular lateral longitudinal carinae. Petiolar area separated from dorsal propodeum by a strong transverse carina, laterally delimited with low developed apophysis. Propodeum strongly reticulate, pilose and with a raised bare lateral area. Propodeal spiracle elongated, declined 15° from a transverse plane tangent to its ventral end. Propleura flat and strongly pilose. Mesopleuron with prepectus sparsely rugulose and pilose. Prepectal area separated from central mesopleuron by a foveate groove.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="157" start="start">Central</pageBreakToken>
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mesopleuron swollen, bare and shiny. Mesopleural suture anteriorly foveate with similar size foveae. Mesepisternum narrow and bare. Mesosternum slightly swollen, strongly pilose. Mesepimeron and mesosternum separated anteriorly by delicate carina anteriorly. Petiole present, with longitudinal wrinkles, 0.3 as long as high.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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Metasoma. Gaster anteriorly swollen, tapering very strongly to apically. Single synterguite visible with translucent lateral margins. Ovipositor sheaths 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as metasoma and sword-shaped. Ovipositor without apical notch, pointed, only 10% exposed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Distribution, habitat and behavior.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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The type locality of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gladiogeminus" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">A. gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is on the northern coast of Isla Navarino, in the glacially fragmented landscape of southernmost Chile, and lies within the Magellanic Forest biogeographical province in the Subantarctic subregion of the Andean region (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Morrone, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="207 - 236" title="Biogeographical regionalization of the Andean region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.3" volume="3936" year="2015">Morrone 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). The new species was collected from a Subantarctic
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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forest, dominated by
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus pumilio" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumilio">Nothofagus pumilio</taxonomicName>
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(Poepp. & Endl.) Reiche, and came from a microhabitat of open mixed forest with old and young
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. pumilio" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species" species="pumilio">N. pumilio</taxonomicName>
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trees. The specimen was collected with a net while flying during an afternoon of the austral summer.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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The epithet gladiogeminus refers to the exceptionally sword-shaped ovipositor sheaths. It is a composition from the Latin noun
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“gladius”">"gladius"</normalizedToken>
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, a sword, the basic weapon of Roman legionnaires after the Punic Wars, and the adjective
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“geminus”">"geminus"</normalizedToken>
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, double or paired.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus gladiogeminus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">Austrocodrus gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is the first record of an austroserphine from Chile, and only the second record of the subfamily from South America. Other than the two species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrocodrus</taxonomicName>
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, all other species of the subfamily are distributed in Australia and few southern Pacific islands, which suggests that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrocodrus</taxonomicName>
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is a relict of the past connection between these land masses. Additionally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gladiogeminus" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">A. gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. has the southernmost distribution of any proctotrupid, reaching almost the 55°S.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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The body size of the holotype, with a fore wing length of 5.84 mm, might be the largest among species of the subfamily; the forewing length of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. patagonicus" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species" species="patagonicus">A. patagonicus</taxonomicName>
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is about 3.7 mm, in species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Acanthoserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthoserphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoserphus</taxonomicName>
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, between 3.1 and 3.7 mm, and in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austroserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroserphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austroserphus</taxonomicName>
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between 5.3 and 5.8 mm. Additionally, we find that the venation pattern of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrocodrus</taxonomicName>
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is not so similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Acanthoserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthoserphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoserphus</taxonomicName>
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(sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Townes, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 541" title="A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="32" year="1981">Townes and Townes 1981</bibRefCitation>
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). The relative position of M basal to 1cu-a in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Acanthoserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthoserphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoserphus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austroserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroserphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austroserphus</taxonomicName>
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allows differentiating these genera from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrocodrus</taxonomicName>
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, which has 1cu-a basal to M.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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We provide a key to species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Austrocodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrocodrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrocodrus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Actas y Trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, La Plata, Seccion IV Entomologia" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="117 - 123" title="Una especie nueva del genero Austroserphus Dodd (Proctotrupidae, Hymenoptera)." volume="1959" year="1960">Ogloblin 1960</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<table pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. patagonicus" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species" species="patagonicus">A. patagonicus</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rowspan="1">12b2d11</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. gladiogeminus" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species" species="gladiogeminus">A. gladiogeminus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez-Serrano">Rodriguez-Serrano</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zúñiga-Reinoso">Zuniga-Reinoso</normalizedToken>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |