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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Flabellum (Ulocyathus) lowekeyesi Squires &amp; Ralph 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5B1721630301236F4D052976752A9A30">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AED8626BDAE8AC9458032BED06906B24">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DDC184C35CF91C10B14685169344F0C">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C1DC67295D931323810E1D3B26CA241">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8476274E6011C96F977A0209B9D2265">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CD4EB213964A18A70CF8A0F7015556D8">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA733D6078CBC5DB0C1EB1DFBF477146">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA2DA1A1FD2DA5F9D0B4B4D60907DF4D">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9037FEF49547188D35D08C7803772A2D">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C485335DB47B629F7BF2F524761EC518">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="60AC55B0338E24878538417B01037428">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Flabellidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subGenus="Flabellum">
<subSubSection id="4D2137ABFFCBC13C84A711D6EC0019D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F7FC5268813A2B24A2762B1836440891" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="86FDDAB12563C7F3ED62D95E8A0CE6CA" ID-CoL="6J74T" authority="Squires &amp; Ralph, 1965" authorityName="Squires &amp; Ralph" authorityYear="1965" class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Flabellum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellum (Ulocyathus) lowekeyesi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lowekeyesi" subGenus="Ulocyathus">Flabellum (Ulocyathus) lowekeyesi Squires &amp; Ralph, 1965</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D3C61243C2C2E1E55839E6CCB46A238" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="83A6867C8DEB50C413E05490CFF26A39" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Tubastraea sp. cf. Tubastraea diaphana (SAM _ H 5103, Cape Vidal, 59 m) A lateral view B Tubastraea micranthus (ORI _ EIb 3, locality data unknown) B full view C, D Flabellum (Flabellum) leptoconus (ORI _ DIIa 1, Port St. Johns, 409 - 440 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, H Flabellum (Flabellum) pavoninum E, F (SAMC _ A 073135, off Coffee Bay, 250 - 280 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H (SAM _ H 4582, off Shaka's Rock, 150 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Flabellum (Flabellum) politum (SAMC _ A 090160, off Shaka's Rock, 53 - 57 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Flabellum (Ulocyathus) alabastrum (SAMC _ A 090102, off the Agulhas, 168 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Flabellum (Ulocyathus) lowekeyesi (SAM _ H 1695, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 720 - 780 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Javania antarctica (SAMC _ A 090150, off Gouritsmond, 333 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 11M, N</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D030DE4745EEFFE4A7CF4CC723E3FFE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7FE51C700813DD6DE5E0F4843CC375A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="06723A26C043770D55C26D068C3CB03D" authorityName="Squires &amp; Ralph" authorityYear="1965" class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Flabellum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellum lowekeyesi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lowekeyesi">Flabellum lowekeyesi</taxonomicName>
Squires &amp; Ralph, 1965: 259-261, figs 1, 2. -
<bibRefCitation id="11B56D12940D5ACFA48FE733FDBF7C0B" author="Squires, D" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B266" refString="Squires, D, Keyes, I, 1967. The marine fauna of New Zealand: scleractinian corals. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 43: 1 - 46" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: scleractinian corals." volume="43" year="1967">Squires and Keyes 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 27, pl. 6, figs 1, 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0090F3687579C9685BA1A23FA6F1BAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6949A69231C7ABBADC6497D964FD0236" authorityName="Squires &amp; Ralph" authorityYear="1965" class="Anthozoa" family="Flabellidae" genus="Flabellum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellum (Ulocyathus) lowekeyesi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lowekeyesi" subGenus="Ulocyathus">Flabellum (Ulocyathus) lowekeyesi</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation id="6815ECCB0166B5EE822FCE248772E6CC" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, S, 1989a. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 486: 1 - 136" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae." volume="486" year="1989 a">Cairns 1989a</bibRefCitation>
: 54. -
<bibRefCitation id="5DF1DCCC18AD1B116B90DB4487618079" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 262, fig. 10 D, E. -
<bibRefCitation id="F8B8BC66D48CE3D9C5F890E0BA09A6AF" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 100-101, pl. 32, figs G-I
<bibRefCitation id="F0B3AF183226D3ADD13974ECF2708720" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">. -Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
: 304. -
<bibRefCitation id="D41ACDCE799E9647A87D82AD2DE39C1A" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 200-202, figs 100I-L, 101.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7809377298C100B1F19ED48C42FD84E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="434A2DA235B48C054B64C208106323DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3973FB75C5B466390ECCDCBCEDBCA067" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off Cape Brett, New Zealand (stn. 29: 26 miles off Cape Brett); 732 m
<bibRefCitation id="420B7083AB2FFB76A0ADC7E80CEA95BC" author="Squires, D" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 264" refId="B267" refString="Squires, D, Ralph, P, 1965. A new scleractinian coral of the genus Flabellum from New Zealand with a new record of Stephanocyathus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 78: 259 - 264" title="A new scleractinian coral of the genus Flabellum from New Zealand with a new record of Stephanocyathus." volume="78" year="1965">(Squires and Ralph 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24B60EA9BDC5E8B622583DF88CA76907" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="189CA52DA5F9DEB6C907B7E438E77C4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="928EF843258F1A77853E128358B3B54C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype is deposited at the MoNZ and one paratype at the NMNH (
<bibRefCitation id="32934018BCFFBED2EC743E1174679A14" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EF0BEE01D6788DE88947C8FB2731720" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9FC769937DD90F31CA47F3B74415DD27" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FBE2A3493A0AFA36DC095FAF5EB026FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="A2BE7C09882890CAB9EC3E9DB12A42BB" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Kosi Bay" elevation="750" latitude="-27.291666" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.916664" municipality="Kosi Bay Estuary" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H1695 (
<specimenCount id="5436BF00844722AB1D205F604AD6B02E" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="267D9801CE03F4905629E1537DB28768" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:267D9801CE03F4905629E1537DB28768" county="Kosi Bay" latitude="-27.291666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.916664" municipality="Kosi Bay Estuary" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="FAECE6F8858BDE5D22139D8AE7B29203" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" unit="km" value="49.0">49 km</quantity>
south of
<location id="DD374EF2F2D4F85ACE66C622690662F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:DD374EF2F2D4F85ACE66C622690662F3" county="Kosi Bay" latitude="-27.291666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.916664" municipality="Kosi Bay Estuary" name="Ponta Do Ouro">Ponta Do Ouro</location>
/
<quantity id="6263E4A61D26B9346C4418994E95CCB4" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="km" value="37.0">37 km</quantity>
off
<collectingMunicipality id="85ACE9E567F9ECDBE5F0765917E95794">
<collectingCounty id="4147F3BBE385EDB7E76E737F0DD61B36">Kosi Bay</collectingCounty>
Estuary
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="108A1C7836B26AAD705663BB04A10883" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="-27.291666">27°17'30.00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D3B160C92C46DA0F7232751F13CF25EE" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="32.916664">32°54'59.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="3FB3BD5270C608420065F238F1D45072" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.2" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="720.0">
<elevation id="2A10BFD526153BC4AA538FEE3E16FD5D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="7.2" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="720.0">720-780 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="EAAADC89B43FC1424515F4BE327025CD" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Kosi Bay" elevation="700" latitude="-27.246664" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.91" municipality="Kosi Bay Estuary" specimenCount="1">
SAM_H1696 (
<specimenCount id="88E47095BC349638EE1768259011B81D" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="37B293A2434ED2BC877BEF3F74F3A767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:37B293A2434ED2BC877BEF3F74F3A767" county="Kosi Bay" latitude="-27.246664" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.91" municipality="Kosi Bay Estuary" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="68BFBA486AB1E5B83CFC5A7D511C50C8" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="km" value="44.0">44 km</quantity>
south of
<location id="4AA6FB98B1F04038D7CD2653A2C7ABCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:4AA6FB98B1F04038D7CD2653A2C7ABCA" county="Kosi Bay" latitude="-27.246664" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.91" municipality="Kosi Bay Estuary" name="Ponta Do Ouro">Ponta Do Ouro</location>
/
<quantity id="A54214C53450F00618B294204092C246" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
off
<collectingMunicipality id="5DE7B111A057AD8E3B8317F8B3F993EF">
<collectingCounty id="C7B5E875A3B3970BBA6D6B96419263D3">Kosi Bay</collectingCounty>
Estuary
</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="A73DB02230C43BF7631B1C6648AE0B87" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="35.99" value="32.91">32°54'35.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<specimenCount id="FA987341ECAF6D4C31F12234D07DCC35" type="generic">
<quantity id="A019016FD4380557775B0582380AED1A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="7708FB522C0B9BD59828DF3AB9F1141F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="45E32AE0A8739648787C82B21EAB4F54" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" elevation="1000" latitude="-28.364998" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" specimenCount="3">
SAM_H2814 (
<specimenCount id="94A151DFE29BDDCAA5CDCF09059446C0" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<location id="0B23D06EB6CEEE3A3280FED55560304A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:0B23D06EB6CEEE3A3280FED55560304A" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" latitude="-28.364998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="1F757B905C3F4C77B823D4ACEB62F3A0" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
from
<collectingCountry id="D953F52BDA3FFDE46EF0493280A3A38C" name="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
/
<quantity id="21230DF33EAFF5E9ACFE89C3D372ABFD" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="km" value="34.0">34 km</quantity>
off
<location id="F30D9628751A423BEFB606520E698310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:F30D9628751A423BEFB606520E698310" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" latitude="-28.364998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" name="Mfolozi Estuary">Mfolozi Estuary</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6A5E6DBBEA3A0DD9B62053AE6A3421C3" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.99" value="-28.629997">28°37'47.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7B6A4A2F44B248131D64BE00573DEA2F" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="29.99" value="32.641666">32°38'29.99&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 1200-
<quantity id="9797ECC5ACF4AA910A9A29D126843D34" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="D667C0BDEEEC7BA7F090FAF8D94AE17C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. SAM_H3095 (
<specimenCount id="AA170DF227031B1E3A1033357870C50C" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
):
<location id="81B12009A4F507DD2405E39CD99D8C56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E:81B12009A4F507DD2405E39CD99D8C56" country="St. Lucia" county="Mfolozi Estuary" latitude="-28.364998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.576664" municipality="Estuary" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
margin,
<quantity id="26A0489EA3E355D9429BCA1D078E8711" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
from
<collectingCountry id="5B780887E019BBB03A1E3C6795DCA913" name="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality id="EE19F884CDFCDF83923FD33DBE239DE3">Estuary</collectingMunicipality>
/
<quantity id="A94E3F8B0CAE269B6F311E1879D56246" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
off
<collectingCounty id="15D6A6FAA768B50B7FF85DE6FFFE0E4B">Mfolozi Estuary</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="14BB86324AF1D067F03515F43E6C0F39" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.99" value="-28.364998">28°21'53.99&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="87CDA25DC0178AE395AB11C32760905C" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="32.576664">32°34'36.00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="0081D06A7E44C401CCBCBE59CFA9C5DA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.25" metricValueMin="7.75" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="825.0" valueMin="775.0">
<elevation id="43E948D531122F14AC98D5C444801B14" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.25" metricValueMin="7.75" unit="m" value="800.0" valueMax="825.0" valueMin="775.0">775-825 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DADC8D981E07C641C9D357551E935276" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="654CEE5ECB16FCDC5F570CE3FCB4D0F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1924113EB32432FAA6141604D0F25DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Corallum unattached and bearing a narrow and circular pedicel. Calice compressed (GCD:LCD = 1.3), with highly lacerated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H2814) 27.6
<normalizedToken id="794AAB3542B9ADA9E669750FA3D3224C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
20.9 mm in CD, 30.1 mm in H, and 2.8 mm in PD. Thecal faces straight and diverging in an angle between 55-73°. Thecal edge short and continuously crested. Angle of thecal edges (excluding crest) between 160-190°. C1-3 well developed and extending from calicular margin towards base. Theca bear chevron-shaped growth lines, and fine granulation. Corallum predominantly white, but pedicel, intercostal striae, and axial septal faces reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A0423098BE6D721C2FB57E3416CACF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Septa hexamerally arranged in a variable number of cycles. Examined specimens have five or six cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S1-3&gt; S4&gt; S5&gt; S6 (88-110 septa). S1-3 equidistant and joining columella deep in fossa with straight and thickened axial margins. S4 ~ 1/3 the size of S1-3, and also have straight axial margin. S5 rudimentary in specimens with fifth cycle incomplete, but
<normalizedToken id="FA3D2F890085440CBDEC8E137F92804B" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
the width of S4 in specimens having sixth cycle incomplete. S6 rudimentary. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa deep, narrow, with a trabecular columella following the shape of the curved corallum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F2A6A337F2B6F31B35E1E9DC45CE8CFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F66F73F058B9C88002837EA5C37D1A52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2564B71870892C97A779C4015275DA53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off St. Lucia extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (49 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 700-1200 m. Elsewhere: Off Mozambique; Mascarene Plateau; Madagascar (
<bibRefCitation id="B31087D80380C1243A8E67AD2CF102EC" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
); New Caledonia (
<bibRefCitation id="9A0C10FFCAA4883652A6E24EC3EF9BF3" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
); Tasmania; New Zealand
<bibRefCitation id="C693F37C26BB80E93B2E7C4586E8BA2F" author="Squires, D" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 264" refId="B267" refString="Squires, D, Ralph, P, 1965. A new scleractinian coral of the genus Flabellum from New Zealand with a new record of Stephanocyathus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 78: 259 - 264" title="A new scleractinian coral of the genus Flabellum from New Zealand with a new record of Stephanocyathus." volume="78" year="1965">(Squires and Ralph 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DF60FCAD8250211981E095544C0FA631" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 2004a); 278-1100 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B145B070F7C33E577105C00649D7235D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="9746F7214C9E3E8F718092473DA075C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F61E540972BF3735A14324AE2EB137B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Specimens represent at range extension, from Mozambique to South African territory.
<taxonomicName id="077C64DE8722F7E524091A4E37F18A39" authorityName="Squires &amp; Ralph" authorityYear="1965" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Flabellum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellum (U.) lowekeyesi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lowekeyesi" subGenus="U.">Flabellum (U.) lowekeyesi</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="7579A1D7FE27EBC9C303B8E761136103" lsidName="F. messum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="messum">
<emphasis id="1BE0273F3726211DCD84853D9FE6C00E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. messum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alcock, 1902a but differs in its greater thecal edge angle, tendency of S4 axial margin to fuse to adjacent septa, larger white coralla, and smaller pedicel (
<bibRefCitation id="4B6251DF0C15561C6B18B4DBC017EC93" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B34" refString="Cairns, S, 1989a. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 486: 1 - 136" title="A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and adjacent waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Micrabaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae, and Flabellidae." volume="486" year="1989 a">Cairns 1989a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D2B86E9BB0D63C3902825DD1BE1B79D9" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>