179 lines
18 KiB
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179 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.453.8369" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc86b0ab-8e70-4579-aa3b-73102a27858f" ID-PMC="PMC4258625" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-453-19" ID-PubMed="25493058" ID-ZBK="3031F7040B84440191FE8B42DD81707F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-453-19" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 453" ModsDocTitle="The planthopper genus Spartidelphax, a new segregate of Nearctic Delphacodes (Hemiptera, Delphacidae)" checkinTime="1451245141793" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bartlett, Charles R. & Webb, Mick D." docDate="2014" docId="446D8E3848A122CD02B0BFDB01B8DC98" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 453: 19-36" docOrigin="ZooKeys 453" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.453.8369" docTitle="Spartidelphax Bartlett & Webb, 2014, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="FC460372-49D0-41E7-A9B1-449274706188" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="2D5EA667FFB08403FFE2FFC6BB1DAE7A" masterDocTitle="The planthopper genus Spartidelphax, a new segregate of Nearctic Delphacodes (Hemiptera, Delphacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1668159589182" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The planthopper genus Spartidelphax, a new segregate of Nearctic Delphacodes (Hemiptera, Delphacidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bartlett, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Webb, Mick D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>453</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.453.8369</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.453.8369</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-453-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">3031F7040B84440191FE8B42DD81707F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3031F7040B84440191FE8B42DD81707F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056289" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC460372-49D0-41E7-A9B1-449274706188" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/446D8E3848A122CD02B0BFDB01B8DC98" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Delphacidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FC460372-49D0-41E7-A9B1-449274706188" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="22">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphacodes penedetecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penedetecta">Delphacodes penedetecta</taxonomicName>
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Beamer, 1950.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
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Body robust, stramineous with dark markings on intracarinal region of face (anterior to the Y-shaped carina of vertex), including areolet, genae, and usually also lateral portions of abdominal terga. Body not compressed (unlike
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Prokelisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prokelisia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prokelisia</taxonomicName>
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). Head, including compound eyes, slightly larger than pronotum, vertex in dorsal view weakly projecting between eyes. Carinae of head strong and conspicuous, except median carina of vertex; median carina of frons forked on fastigium near dorsal margin of compound eye. Frons with lateral margins subparallel, narrowed between eyes. Lateral carinae of pronotum diverging, not reaching posterior margin; median carina reaching hind margin at shallow notch. Lateral carinae of mesonotum diverging, reaching posterior margin, median carina becoming obsolete in scutellum. Forewings of brachypter clear, subtruncate, leaving several tergites exposed. Apex of hind tibiae bearing 7 (3+4) spines, with 5 (2+3) on basitarsus and 4 on second tarsomere. Calcar with 18-31 teeth (x = 24.0, n=26).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Male terminalia with pygofer rather quadrate in lateral view, dorsocaudal margin of pygofer weakly projecting. Opening of pygofer broad, wider than long, with lateral margins of opening carinae, ventral margin smoothly rounded. Diaphragm strong and conspicuous, dorsal margin broadly U-shaped, bearing median, bilobed armature subtending the aedeagus, much wider than tall. Parameres exerted through broad opening in diaphragm; parameres strongly flattened, sides subparallel, strongly diverging, basal and apical angles weakly developed. Aedeagus widest in basal third, then abruptly narrowed with distal 2/3 strongly downcurved; suspensorium U-shaped, weakly apparent. Segment 10 broad, bearing strongly developed pair of weakly sinuate processes on caudal margins near lateral margins. Segment 11 about 2/3 height of segment 10.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Macropters darker than brachypters, with abdomen and lateral portion of mesonotum more strongly embrowned. Macropterous wings are clear (no dark marking at apex of clavus), exceeding length of abdomen nearly by length of abdomen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax penedetectus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penedetectus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="23" start="start">Spartidelphax</pageBreakToken>
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penedetectus
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</taxonomicName>
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was chosen as the type species since the holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphax luteivitta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteivitta">Delphax luteivitta</taxonomicName>
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is in unsatisfactory condition and the lectotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Liburnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liburnia detecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detecta">Liburnia detecta</taxonomicName>
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could not be located (although putatively at the USNM). The holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphacodes penedetecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penedetecta">Delphacodes penedetecta</taxonomicName>
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Beamer, 1950, is at SEMC.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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is phylogenetically placed at the base of a strongly supported clade with the genera
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Prokelisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prokelisia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prokelisia</taxonomicName>
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Osborn,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Neomegamelanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomegamelanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neomegamelanus</taxonomicName>
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McDermott, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Tumidagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tumidagena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tumidagena</taxonomicName>
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McDermott based on the phylogenetic investigation of
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<taxonomicName family="Delphacidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Delphacidae</taxonomicName>
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using DNA nucleotide sequence data from four genetic loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, wingless and cytochrome oxidase I) and 132 coded morphological characters by
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<bibRefCitation author="Urban, JM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="678 - 691" title="Evolution of Delphacidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea): combined-evidence phylogenetics reveals importance of grass host shifts." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00539.x" volume="35" year="2010">Urban et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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. These three genera and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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are associated with
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spartina</taxonomicName>
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Schreb. (
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<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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, cordgrass), and are abundant in salt marshes in eastern North America.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Prokelisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prokelisia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prokelisia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Neomegamelanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neomegamelanus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neomegamelanus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Tumidagena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tumidagena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tumidagena</taxonomicName>
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are more slender forms with their body weakly to strongly compressed, and their vertex more strongly projecting. Members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Prokelisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prokelisia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prokelisia</taxonomicName>
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are most similar, including having the carinae on their frons bordered by dark (except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Prokelisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prokelisia crocea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocea">Prokelisia crocea</taxonomicName>
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), but they are more slender, usually with the frons broadest ventrally, parameres either distally converging or slender and diverging, and the aedeagus is usually upturned. Superficially more similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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are species now placed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Muirodelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muirodelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Muirodelphax</taxonomicName>
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Wagner, but North American species in this genus lack processes on segment 10. Also similar are
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toya" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Toya</taxonomicName>
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Distant,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Metadelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metadelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metadelphax</taxonomicName>
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Wagner, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Syndelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syndelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Syndelphax</taxonomicName>
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Fennah, but the dorsocaudal angles of the male pygofer of these genera are greatly expanded (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gonzon, AT" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="205 - 277" title="Systematics of Hadropygos n. g., Metadelphax Wagner and New World Toya Distant (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)." url="10.3157/0002-8320-133.3.205" volume="133" year="2008">Gonzon and Bartlett 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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In the "Key to genera of
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<taxonomicName family="Delphacidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Delphacidae</taxonomicName>
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North of Mexico" of
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<bibRefCitation author="Bartlett, CR" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 287" title="A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States." volume="50" year="2014">Bartlett et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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keys to couplet 75, where
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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can be inserted in place of the entry for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphacodes detecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detecta">Delphacodes detecta</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphacodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphacodes penedetecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penedetecta">Delphacodes penedetecta</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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The generic name is an arbitrary combination of letters formed by combining a truncation of
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Spartina" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spartina</taxonomicName>
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(the host grass genus) with -delphax, a common termination used in delphacids. The name is to be treated as masculine (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Delphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Delphax</taxonomicName>
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was affirmed as masculine by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gonzon, AT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="246 - 248" title="Opinion 602. Delphax Fabricius, 1798 (Insecta, Hemiptera); Interpretation under the plenary powers." volume="18" year="1961">ICZN 1961</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="23" type="key to species of spartidelphax (males)">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spartidelphax</taxonomicName>
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(males)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<table pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">4D</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax penedetectus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penedetectus">Spartidelphax penedetectus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">4B</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Spartidelphax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spartidelphax detectus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detectus">Spartidelphax detectus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |